ʻE Hokosia ʻa e Taimí

L. Whitney Clayton

ʻO e Kau Palesitenisī ʻo e Kau Fitungofulu

ʻOku ou ofo fakataha mo kimoutolu ʻi he laka ki muʻa ʻa ʻEne ngāué ʻi ha founga ʻoku hangē ha maná, fakaofo mo fakamānako.

Naʻá ku ngāue fakafaifekau ʻi heʻeku kei talavoú ‘i ha ngaahi māhina lahi ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu lotoloto ʻo Lima, Peluú. Ko ia ai, ne u kolosi tuʻo lahi ʻi he fale fakapisinisi ko e Plaza de Armas ʻi Limá. ʻOku hanga mai foki ki ai ʻa e Palasi Fakapuleʻangá, ʻa ia ko e nofoʻanga mo e ʻōfisi ʻo e palesiteni ʻo Peluú. Ne u hanga mo hoku hoá ‘o fakaafeʻi ha kakai ʻi he loto koló ke nau fanongo ki he ongoongolelei kuo toe fakafoki maí. Ne u faʻa fakakaukau he taimi ko iá pe ʻe ongo fēfē nai haʻate hū ki he palasí, ka naʻe hangē he ʻikai malavá.

ʻI he taʻu kuo ʻosí ne fakataha ai ʻi he Palasi Fakapuleʻangá ʻa ʻEletā D. Toti Kulisitofasoni ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá mo ha niʻihi kehe ʻo u feʻiloaki ai mo ʻĀlani Kāsia, ʻa ia ne hoko ko e palesiteni ʻo Peluú. Naʻe takimamata kimautolu ʻi hono ngaahi loki fakaʻofoʻofá pea naʻe talitali lelei kimautolu ʻe Palesiteni Kāsia. Naʻe hoko ʻa e fifili ko ia ʻi heʻeku kei faifekaú ʻi ha founga naʻe ʻikai te u ʻamanaki ʻe malava ‘o hoko ʻi he 1970.

Kuo liliu ha ngaahi meʻa ʻi Pelū talu mei he taimi ne u hoko ai ko ha faifekaú, tautautefito ki he Siasí. Naʻe fakafuofua ne toko 11,000 pē e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi he taimi ko iá pea ko e siteiki pē ʻe taha. ʻOku laka hake e kāingalotú he toko 500,000 ʻi he ʻahó ni pea ʻoku meimei aʻu ki ha ngaahi siteiki ʻe 100. ʻI he ngaahi kolo ko ia ne tokosiʻi ai e kāingalotú, ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi siteiki longomoʻui mo ha ngaahi falelotu fakaʻofoʻofa ʻokú ne teuʻi e fonuá. Ko e meʻa tatau pē ʻoku hoko he ngaahi fonua kehe he funga ʻo e māmaní.

ʻOku totonu ke fai ha fakamatala ki he tupulaki fakaofo ʻa e Siasí. Te u kamata ʻaki e kikite mei he Fuakava Motuʻá.

Ko Tanielá ko ha pōpula Hepelū ʻi Papilone. Naʻe ʻoange kiate ia ʻa e faingamālie ke fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻa e misi e Tuʻi ko Nepukanesá. Naʻe kole ʻa Taniela ki he ʻOtuá ke fakahā kiate ia ʻa e misí pea mo hono ʻuhingá, pea naʻe tali ʻene lotú. Naʻá ne pehē ange kia Nepukanesa, “ʻOku ai ha ʻOtua ʻi he langí, ʻa ia ʻoku fakahā ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fufū, pea ʻokú ne fakahā ki he tuʻi ko Nepukanesá ʻa ia ʻe hoko ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho ʻa muí.… Ko ʻeni ia ʻa hoʻo misí, pea mo e ngaahi meʻa hā mai ki ho ʻulú ʻi ho mohengá.” Naʻe pehē ʻe Taniela ne mamata ʻa e tuʻí ki ha ʻīmisi fakailifia ʻoku ʻi ai hano ʻulu, sino, ongo nima, vaʻe mo e louhiʻi vaʻe. Naʻe ʻi ai ha maka naʻe tā mei he moʻungá taʻe kau ai ha nima pea naʻe tupulaki māmālie ʻa hono lahí ʻi heʻene teka hifó. Naʻe taaʻi ʻe he maká ʻa e fakatātá ʻo maumau, “pea ko e maka naʻe tā ʻaki ʻa e meʻa fakatātaá naʻe hoko ia ko e fuʻu moʻunga ʻo ne fakafonu ʻa māmani kotoa pē.”

Naʻe fakamatala ʻa Taniela naʻe fakafofongaʻi ʻe he fakatātaá ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga fakapolitikale ʻi he kahaʻú pea “ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho ʻo e ngaahi tuʻi [ko iá] ʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he ʻOtua ʻo e langí ha puleʻanga ʻa ia ʻe ʻikai ʻauha ʻo lauikuonga: … ka te ne laiki mo fakaʻauha ʻa e ngaahi puleʻangá ni kotoa pē, pea ʻe tuʻumaʻu ia ʻo taʻengata.”¹

Tau talanoa leva ki ha taimi kimuí ni mai. Naʻe fuofua hā ʻa e ʻāngelo ko Molonaí kia Sosefa Sāmita ʻi he 1823 pea fakahā ange “ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngāue ʻa e ʻOtuá ke [ne] fai; pea ʻe ʻiloa [hono] hingoá ʻi he lelei mo e kovi ʻi he ngaahi puleʻanga, mo e ngaahi faʻahinga, mo e ngaahi lea fulipē.”² ʻOku pau pē naʻe ofo ʻa Siosefa, ʻi he pōpoaki ʻa Molonaí he naʻá ne kei taʻu 17.

Naʻe folofola ʻa e ʻEikí kia Siosefa ʻi he 1831, kuo tuku mai ʻa e ngaahi kī ʻo e puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá “ki he tangatá ʻi he māmaní.” Naʻá Ne folofola “[ʻe] teka atu mei ai ʻa e ongoongoleleí ʻo aʻu ki he ngaahi ngataʻanga ʻo e māmaní, ʻo hangē ko e teka atu ʻa e maka kuo tā mei he moʻungá taʻekau ai ha nimá …, kae ʻoua kuo fakafonu ʻe ia ʻa e māmaní kotoa pē,”³ ʻo hangē ko ia ne tala ʻe Taniela kia Nepukanesá.

ʻI he 1898, naʻe toe fakamatala ai ʻa Palesiteni Uilifooti Utalafi ki ha aʻusia ʻi heʻene hoko ko ia ko ha mēmipa foʻou ʻi he 1834 ʻi ha fakataha lakanga fakataulaʻeiki ʻi Ketilani. Naʻá ne pehē: “Naʻe kole ʻe he Palōfitá ki he taha kotoa ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e Lakanga Fakataulaʻeikí ke nau fakataha ki loto ʻi he kiʻi fale ako ʻakau naʻa nau maʻu aí. Ko ha kiʻi fale siʻisiʻi, mahalo naʻe sikuea fute pē ʻe 14. … ʻI he taimi naʻa mau fakataha atu aí ne ui leva ʻe he Palōfitá ʻa e Kaumātuʻa ʻo ʻIsilelí ke nau fakamoʻoni ki he ngāué ni.… ʻI he ʻosi ʻenau fakamoʻoní ne pehē ange leva ʻa e Palōfitá, ‘Ngaahi Tokoua, kuo langaki lahi moʻoni au pea mo fakahinohinoʻi ʻi hoʻomou ngaahi fakamoʻoni he pōní, ka ʻoku ou fie fakahā atu kiate kimoutolu ʻi he ʻao ʻo e ʻEikí, ʻoku ʻikai ke lahi hake hoʻomou ʻilo ki he ngaahi ikuʻanga ʻo e Siasí ni pea mo e puleʻangá ni, ʻi ha kiʻi pēpē ʻoku ʻi he funga ʻo ʻene faʻeé. ʻOku ʻikai mahino ia kiate kimoutolu. … Ko ha kihiʻi tokosiʻi pē ʻo kimoutolu kau Lakanga Fakataulaʻeikí ʻoku mou mamata ki ai he pōní, ka ʻe fakafonu ʻe he Siasí ni ʻa ʻAmelika Noate pea mo ʻAmelika Saute—te ne fakafonu ʻe ia ʻa e māmaní.’”⁴

Ko e ngaahi kikite ko ʻeni ʻe:

hangē ʻa e puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá ko ha maka naʻe tā mei he moʻungá ʻo ne fakafonu ʻa e māmaní;
ʻe ʻiloa ʻa e hingoa ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá ʻi he māmaní; pea
ʻe fakafonu ʻe he Siasí ʻa e Ongo ʻAmeliká mo e māmaní

mahalo ne hā ngalivale ia he ngaahi taʻu ʻe 170 kuohilí. Ko e kiʻi falukunga kakai tui tokosiʻi, ne fuʻu masiva ʻi he feituʻu ne ʻikai lahi hano nofoʻi ʻi ʻAmeliká pea feinga ke hao mei he fakatangá, ne ʻikai hangē ia ko ha fakavaʻe ʻo ha tui ʻe fakalaka atu ʻi ha ngaahi kauʻāfonua fakavahaʻapuleʻanga pea aʻu atu ki he ngaahi lotó kotoa.

Ka ko e meʻa ia kuo hokó. Tuku ke u ʻoatu ha fakatātā.

Naʻe fakatapui ʻe ʻEletā Melevini J. Pālati ʻi he ʻAho Kilisimasi ʻo e 1925 ʻi Puenosi ʻAealisi e konitinēniti kotoa ʻo Saute ʻAmeliká ki hono malangaʻi ʻo e ongoongoleleí. ʻI heʻene aʻu ki ʻAokosi ʻo e 1926, ko ha kau papi ului tokosiʻi pē ne papitaisó. Ko e fuofua mēmipa kinautolu ʻo e Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi Saute ʻAmelika kotoa. Ko e taʻu ia ʻe 85 kuohilí, pea ʻoku ʻi ai ha niʻihi tokolahi ʻoku nau fanongo mai ki he konifelenisí he ʻahó ni.

ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi siteiki ʻo Saione ʻe 23 ʻi Puenosi ʻAealisi he ʻahó ni, mo ha ngaahi siteiki lahi mo ha kāingalotu ʻe laumano ʻi he tukui kolo ʻo ʻĀsenitiná. ʻOku lahi hake he ngaahi siteiki ʻe 600 mo e kāingalotu ʻe laui miliona ʻo e Siasí ʻi Saute ʻAmelika. ʻOku tau mātā ʻa hono fakafonu ʻe he puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻa e konitinēnití, pea ʻoku tau pulusi mo hono ngaahi filí ʻa e hingoa ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá ʻi he ngaahi fonua ne ʻikai ke ne ʻilo lolotonga ʻene kei moʻuí.

ʻOku meimei feʻunga mo ha ngaahi siteiki ʻe 3,000 ʻo e Siasí he ʻahó ni mei Positoni ki Pengikoki, pea mei Mekisikou Siti ki Mosikou. ʻOku tau ofi atu ʻeni ki he uooti mo e kolo ʻe 29,000. ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi siteiki matuʻotuʻa ʻi ha ngaahi fonua lahi, mo ha kāingalotu ne papi ului ʻenau ngaahi kuí. ʻI ha ngaahi feituʻu kehe, ʻoku fakataha mai ai ha kāingalotu foʻou, ʻi ha ngaahi kolo iiki ʻo e Siasí ʻi ha ngaahi fale totongi. ʻOku tupu tokolahi e Siasí he taʻu kotoa ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní.

Ko e ngaahi kikite ko ʻeni fekauʻaki mo hono fakafonu ʻo e māmaní mo ʻiloa ʻi he māmaní: ʻOku fakaoli nai? Mahalo.ʻE hoko nai? ʻOku ʻikai ha toe veiveiua. Faingataʻa nai? ʻIkai ʻaupito. ʻOku tau mātā tonu ia.

Naʻe pehē ʻa Palesiteni Kōtoni B. Hingikelī:

“Naʻe pehē ʻi ha taimi ʻe taha, ʻe ʻikai tō ʻa e laʻaá ia ʻi he ʻEmipaea Pilitāniá. Kuo fakaʻau ke siʻisiʻi ange he taimí ni ʻa e ʻemipaea ko iá. Ka ʻoku moʻoni ʻe ʻikai tō ʻa e laʻaá ʻi he ngāue ko ʻeni ʻa e ʻEikí ʻi heʻene tokoni ki he kakai ʻo e māmaní.

“Pea ko hono kamataʻangá pē ʻeni. Ko e tafaʻaki pē ʻeni ki tuʻá kuo tau aʻu ki aí. … ʻOku ʻikai hano ngataʻanga. … ʻE ʻi ai ʻa e ʻaho ʻe fakaava mai ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga ko ia ʻoku tāpuni mai kiate kitautolu he taimi ní.”⁵

ʻOku tau vakai ʻi he ʻahó ni ʻoku ofi ange ke fakahoko e kikite ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná:

“Pea … ʻe tāpuni ʻe he ngaahi tuʻí ʻa honau ngutú; he te nau mamata ki he meʻa ʻa ia kuo ʻikai ke fakahā kiate kinautolú; pea mahino kiate kinautolu ʻa e meʻa kuo ʻikai te nau fanongo ki aí.

“He ʻi he ʻaho ko iá, ʻe fai maʻaku ʻe he Tamaí ha ngāue, ʻa ia ʻe hoko ko ha fuʻu ngāue maʻongoʻonga mo fakaofo ʻiate kinautolu.”⁶

Ko e moʻoni ʻoku lahi mo fakaofo ʻa e ngāue ko ʻeni ʻa e ʻEikí, ka ʻoku laka atu ia ki muʻa ʻo ʻikai ke fakatokangaʻi hono mahuʻingá ʻe ha tokolahi ʻo e kau taki fakapolitikale, fakafonua, mo fakaako ʻo e māmaní. ʻOku tupulaki fakafoʻituitui mo fakafāmili, fakalongolongo mo ʻikai fuʻu fakatokangaʻi ʻa hono pōpoaki toputapú mo ʻene faitāpuekina e kakaí ʻi he feituʻu kotoa pē.

ʻOku ʻomi ʻe ha veesi ʻi he Tohi ʻa Molomoná ha kī ki he tupu fakaofo ko ia ʻa e Siasí ʻi he ʻaho ní: “Pea ko e tahá, ʻoku ou pehē kiate kimoutolu, ʻe hokosia ʻa e taimi ʻa ia ʻe mafola ai ʻa e ʻilo ki he Fakamoʻuí ʻi he puleʻanga, mo e faʻahinga, mo e lea, mo e kakai fulipē.”⁷

Ko ʻetau pōpoaki mahuʻinga tahá, ʻa ia kuo fakamafaiʻi mo fekauʻi fakalangi mai kitaua ke ta ʻave ki he māmaní kotoa, ʻoku ʻi ai ha Fakamoʻui. Naʻá Ne moʻui ʻi he vaeuaʻanga ʻo taimí. Naʻá Ne fakalelei maʻa ʻetau ngaahi angahalá, naʻe kalusefai, pea toetuʻu. ʻOku ʻikai fakatataua ʻa e pōpoaki ko iá, he ʻoku tau malanga ʻaki ʻa e mafai mei he ʻOtuá, pea ko e ʻuhinga moʻoni ia ʻoku tupulaki pehē ai ʻa e Siasí.

ʻOku ou fakamoʻoni naʻá Ne hā mo ʻEne Tamaí kia Siosefa Sāmita. ʻI he fakahinohino ʻa e Tamaí, naʻá Ne toe fokotuʻu ai e ongoongoleleí ʻi he māmaní. Naʻá Ne toe fekauʻi mai ha kau ʻaposetolo, palōfita, mo e ngaahi kī ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí ki he māmaní. ʻOkú Ne tataki ʻa Hono Siasí ʻo fakafou ʻi ha palōfita moʻui ko Palesiteni Tōmasi S. Monisoni. Ko Hono Siasí ʻa e maka naʻe tā mei he moʻungá taʻe kau ai ha nimá, ʻa ia ʻoku teka atu ʻi he māmaní.

ʻOku tau houngaʻia koeʻuhí ko Siosefa Sāmita, pea ʻoku tau mamata mo ofo ʻi hono fakaʻapaʻapaʻi hono hingoá, ka ʻi he taimi tatau ʻoku lauʻikoviʻi ʻo toe lahi ange ia ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní. ʻOku tau ʻiloʻi foki ʻoku ʻikai tukutaha ʻiate ia e ngāue kāfakafa ʻo e ngaahi ʻaho kimui ní. Ko e ngāue ia ʻa e ʻOtua Māfimafí mo Hono ʻAló, ʻa e Pilinisi ʻo e Melinó. ʻOku ou fakamoʻoni ko Sīsū Kalaisi ʻa e Fakamoʻuí pea ʻoku ou ofo ʻi he ʻunuaki atu ki muʻa ʻa ʻEne ngāué ʻi ha founga ʻoku hangē ha maná, ʻo fakaofo pea ʻikai ha tuka. Ko e moʻoni, “[kuo] hokosia ʻa e taimi ʻa ia ʻe mafola ai ʻa e ʻilo ki he Fakamoʻuí ʻi he puleʻanga mo e faʻahinga, mo e lea, mo e kakai fulipē.” ʻOku ou fakamoʻoni kau kiate Ia, ko e Fakamoʻui ʻo e faʻahinga kotoa ʻo e tangatá, pea pehē ki he ngāué ni ʻi he huafa ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí, ʻēmeni.