Maluʻi e Fānaú
Fai ʻe ʻEletā Dallin H. Oaks
ʻO e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá
ʻOku ʻikai totonu ke tekeʻi ʻe ha taha ʻa e kole ke tau umataha ʻi hono fakatupulaki ʻetau tokanga ki he lelei pea mo e kahaʻu ʻo ʻetau fānaú—ʻa e toʻu tangata kei tupu haké.
Te tau lava kotoa ʻo manatuʻi e meʻa ne tau ongoʻi he taimi ne tangi ai siʻa kiʻi tamasiʻi mo kakapa hake ke tau tokoni ange. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe ha Tamai Hēvani ʻofa ʻa e ngaahi ongo ko iá ke teke kitautolu ke tau tokoniʻi ʻEne fānaú. Kātaki ʻo fakamanatu e ngaahi ongo ko iá ʻi heʻeku lea fekauʻaki mo hotau fatongia ke maluʻi mo ngāue ki he lelei ʻa ʻetau fānaú.
Te u lea mei he tafaʻaki ʻo e ongoongolelei ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí, kau ai ʻEne palani ʻo e fakamoʻuí. Ko hoku uiuiʻí ia. ʻOku maʻu ʻe he kau taki fakafeituʻu ʻo e Siasí ha fatongia ki ha feituʻu pau, hangē ko ha uooti pe siteiki, ka ko e ʻaposetoló ko hono fatongiá ke fakamoʻoni ki māmani kātoa. ʻOku ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻa e fānau kotoa, ʻi he puleʻanga, matakali mo e faʻahinga kotoa pē.
Neongo ʻoku ʻikai ko ʻeku lea fakapolitikale pe ʻi ha tuʻutuʻuni fakapuleʻanga, ka he ʻikai ke u lea ki he lelei ʻa e fānaú taʻe kau ai e ngaahi fili ʻoku fai ʻe he tangataʻi fonuá, kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻangá, mo e kau ngāue he ngaahi kautaha fakatāutahá, ʻo tatau pē mo e kau taki ʻi he ngaahi siasi kehé. ʻOku tau haʻisia kotoa ki he fekau ʻa e Fakamoʻuí ke feʻofaʻaki mo fetauhiʻaki, ʻo tautautefito ki he vaivaí mo e niʻihi ʻoku ʻikai hanau maluʻí.
ʻOku uesia ngofua ʻa e fānaú. ʻOku siʻi pe halaʻatā hanau mālohi ke maluʻi pe tokonaki maʻanautolu pea siʻi mo honau iví ʻi ha ngaahi meʻa lahi ʻoku mahuʻinga ki heʻenau leleí. ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he fānaú ha niʻihi ke lea maʻanautolu, pea ʻoku nau fie maʻu e kau fai tuʻutuʻuní ke fakamuʻomuʻa ʻenau leleí ʻi he anga siokita fakakakai lalahí.
I.
ʻOku tau fakatumutumu ʻi he lauimiliona e fānau kuo uesia ʻe he ngaahi hia kovi ʻa e kakai lalahí mo e siokitá, fakaemāmani lahí.
ʻOku ʻave fakamālohi e fānaú ke hoko ko ha kau sōtia ʻi he faʻahi ʻa e filí ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻoku taú.
ʻOku fakafuofua ʻe ha lipooti ʻa e Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá ʻoku laka hake ʻi he toko ua milioná ʻa e fānau he taʻu kotoa ʻoku uesia ʻi he paʻumutú mo e ponokalafí.1
Mei he tafaʻaki ʻo e palani ʻo e fakamoʻuí, ko e taha e ngaohikovia kovi taha ʻo e fānaú ko e ʻikai tali ke fāʻeleʻi kinautolú. Ko ha ngaʻunu fakaemāmani lahi ʻeni. Ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e fāʻelé ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ko e maʻulalo taha ʻeni ʻi he taʻu ʻe 25,2 pea ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e fāʻelé ʻi he meimei kotoa e ngaahi fonua ʻIulopé mo ʻĒsiá kuo tōlalo ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha palopalema fakalotu ʻataʻatā pē ʻeni. Ko e taimi ʻoku fakaʻau ke tokosiʻi ai e toʻu ʻoku ʻalu haké, ʻoku hōloa ai pē mo e ngaahi meʻa fakafonuá pea naʻa mo e ngaahi puleʻangá ʻoku nau holo pea aʻu pē ʻo nau pulia.
Ko e taha e tupuʻanga ʻo e hōloa e lahi ʻo e fāʻelé ko e fakatōtamá. ʻOku fakafuofua ki ha fakatōtama ʻe 40 miliona tupu he taʻu takitaha ʻi he funga māmaní.3 ʻOku fakangofua ʻe ha ngaahi lao lahi pe taukaveʻi, ka kiate kitautolú, ko ha kovi lahi ʻeni. Ko ha ngaohikovia ʻe taha ʻo e fāʻeleʻi he lolotonga ʻo e feitamá ko e maumau ʻoku hoko ki he pēpē teʻeki fanauʻí ko e tupu mei he ʻikai maʻu meʻatokoni feʻunga ʻa e faʻeé pe ngāue ʻaki e faitoʻo konatapú.
ʻOku ʻi ai ha meʻa fakamamahi ʻi he tokolahi ha fāʻeleʻi ʻoku teʻeki fanauʻi ka kuo fakangata pe uesia, ka ʻoku hapai atu e ngaahi mātuʻa taʻe maʻu fānaú mo fekumi ki ha ngaahi pēpē ke ohi fakalao.
ʻOku hā mahino ʻa e ngaohikovia pe liʻekina ʻo e fānaú hili honau fāʻeleʻi. ʻOku mate siʻa fānau ʻe meimei toko valu miliona he funga māmaní, ʻoku teʻeki hoko honau taʻu nimá, lahi taha pē ʻi he mahaki ʻoku lava ʻo faʻitoʻó mo fakaʻehiʻehi mei aí.4 Pea ʻoku lipooti ʻe he Potungāue Moʻui ʻa Māmaní ko e toko taha ʻi he fānau ʻe toko fā kotoa pē ʻoku kihi, fakaʻatamai mo fakaesino, koeʻuhí ko e ʻikai feʻunga e meʻatokoní.5 ʻOku mau mamata kimautolu kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi ha konga lahi ʻo e meʻá ni, ʻi heʻemau nofo mo fefonongaʻaki fakavahaʻa puleʻangá. ʻOku lipooti ʻe he kau palesitenisī lahi ʻo e Palaimelí e siʻi fānau ʻoku moʻui ʻi ha ngaahi tuʻunga “ʻoku ʻikai ke tau faʻa tui ki ai.” Naʻe pehē ʻe siʻa faʻē mei he ʻOtu Filipainí: “Ko e taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻoku ʻikai ke mau faʻa maʻu ha paʻanga feʻunga ki he meʻakaí, ka ʻoku sai pē ia koeʻuhí he ʻokú ne ʻomi kiate au ʻa e faingamālie ke akoʻi ʻeku fānaú kau ki he tuí. ʻOku mau fakatahataha ʻo lotu ke maʻu ha fakanonga, pea ʻoku mamata ʻa e fānaú ki hono tāpuakiʻi kimautolu ʻe he ʻEikí.”6 Naʻe fetaulaki ha taha ngāue he Palaimelí ʻi ʻAfilika Tonga, mo ha kiʻi taʻahine taʻelata mo loto mamahi. Naʻá ne tali leʻo siʻi ʻa e ngaahi fehuʻi ʻofá, ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai siʻane faʻē, hala tamai, pe kui fefine—ko ha kui tangata pē ke tauhi ia.7 ʻOku angamaheni ʻaki e hoko ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakamamahi peheé ʻi ha konitinēniti kuo mate ai siʻa niʻihi tokolahi ʻo e kau tauhí mei he ʻEITISÍ.
Naʻa mo e ngaahi fonua tuʻumālié ʻoku uesia ai siʻi fānau īkí mo e toʻu tupú ʻi hono taʻetokangaʻí. ʻOku tupu hake e fānaú he masivesivá mo ʻikai moʻui leleí pea ʻikai feʻunga mo e ngaahi faingamālie fakaakó. ʻOku nau toe ʻi ha ʻātakai ʻoku fakatuʻutāmaki fakatuʻasino mo fakafonua pea aʻu ʻo taʻe tokangaʻi heʻenau mātuʻá. Naʻe toki vahevahé ni ʻe ʻEletā Sefilī R. Hōlani ha aʻusia ʻa ha ʻōfisa polisi Siasi. Naʻá ne ʻilo ʻi ha fakatotolo, ha kiʻi fānau ʻe toko nima ʻoku nau fakatahataha pē ʻo feinga ke mohe taʻe ʻi ai ha mohenga ʻi ha faliki ʻuli ʻo ha fale nofoʻanga naʻe inu mo paati fakafiefia ai ʻenau faʻeé mo ha niʻihi kehe. Naʻe ʻikai ha meʻakai he ʻapi nofoʻangá ke feau siʻenau fiekaiá. Ne tūʻulutui e ʻōfisá ʻo lotu ke maluʻi kinautolu ʻi he hili ʻene fakakafuʻi kinautolu ʻi ha mohenga faʻu. ʻI he taimi naʻe luelue ai ki he matapaá, kuo tulimui atu ha taha, mahalo naʻe taʻu ono, ʻo puke hono nimá mo kole ange, “Kātaki muʻa ʻo ohi au?”8
ʻOku tau manatuʻi e akonaki hotau Fakamoʻuí ʻi Heʻene huki ha kiʻi tamasiʻi valevale ʻi muʻa ʻi Hono kau muimuí mo pehē:
“Pea ko ia te ne maʻu ha tamasiʻi siʻi pehē ʻi hoku hingoá, ʻokú ne maʻu au.
“Ka ko ia te ne fakahalaʻi ha tokotaha ʻiate kinautolú ni ʻoku siʻi ʻoku tui kiate aú, ʻe lelei hake kiate ia ʻo ka ne taupungaʻi ʻaki ia ʻa e maka momosi ʻi hono kiá, pea lōmakiʻi ia ʻi he loto moaná” (Mātiu 18:5–6).
Ko e taimi ʻoku tau fakakaukauʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ʻoku totonu ke maluʻi mei ai e fānaú, ʻoku totonu ke tau toe fakakau foki mo e ngaohikovia fakaʻatamaí. ʻOku lava ʻe he ngaahi mātuʻa pe kau tauhi pe kau faiako pe toʻu ʻoku nau tukuhifo, fakamālohiʻi, pe fakamaaʻi e fānaú pe toʻu tupú ke fakahoko ha kovi ʻoku tuʻuloa ange ʻi he kafo fakaesinó. ʻE lava ʻe hano ʻai ha kiʻi tamasiʻi pe toʻu tupu ke ne ongoʻi taʻeʻaonga pe ʻikai ʻofaʻi, pe taʻe fiemaʻua ʻo fakahoko ha maumau lahi mo fuoloa ʻi hono tuʻunga fakaelotó mo ʻene fakalakalaká.9 ʻOku mātuʻaki tuʻu laveangofua e kakai kei talavou ʻoku fekuki mo ha tūkunga makehé, kau ai e fetokangaʻaki pē tangata mo e tangatá pe fefine mo e fefiné, mo fie maʻu ha mahino ʻi he ʻofá—kae ʻikai ko e houtamakí pe manukiʻí.10
Te tau lava ʻo fakatomala ʻi he tokoni ʻa e ʻEikí, mo liliu ke tau ʻofa mo tokoni lahi ange ki he fānaú— ʻa kitautolu mo kinautolu ʻoku tau feohí.
II.
ʻOku siʻi ha sīpinga ʻo e ngaahi meʻa tuʻu fakatuʻutāmaki fakaesino mo fakaeloto ki he fānaú ʻoku mahuʻinga tatau mo ia ʻoku tupu ʻi heʻenau feohi mo ʻenau mātuʻá pe tauhí. Naʻe meʻa ʻa Palesiteni Tōmasi S. Monisoni kau ki he meʻa naʻá ne ui ko e “fakalielia mo kovi” hono ngaohikovia e fānaú, ʻi hono maumauʻi pe fakameleʻi fakaesino pe fakaeloto ʻe ha mātuʻa e fānaú.11 ʻOku tangi hoku lotó he naʻe pau ke u vakaiʻi e fakalilifu ʻo e faʻahinga meʻa peheé ʻi he lolotonga ʻeku ngāue he Fakamāuʻanga Māʻolunga ʻo ʻIutaá.
Ko e mahuʻinga taha ki he lelei ʻa e fānaú pe naʻe ʻosi mali ʻenau ongomātuʻá, natula mo e lōloa ʻo e nofomalí, pea mahulu haké, ko e anga fakafonua mo e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻo e nofomalí pea mo e tauhi fānau ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku nau nofo aí. ʻOku fakamatala ha ongo mataotao he fāmilí ʻo pehē: “Naʻe muʻomuʻa mo mahuʻinga taha ʻa e fāmilí ʻi he hisitōliá kotoa, ʻi heʻene hoko ko ha faʻunga ki he fakatupu mo e ohi hake ʻo e fānaú. Kuó ne ʻomi ʻa e fehokotaki fakafonua ko ia ʻoku feinga ke ne fakafehokotaki ʻa e tamaí mo ʻene fānaú ʻaki hono haʻi ia ki he faʻē ʻa ʻene fānaú. Ka kimuí ni mai, kuo fakautuutu e ʻikai tokanga ki he fānaú.”12
ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻe he palōfesa lao ʻi Havaati ʻa e lao mo e fakakaukau lolotonga ki he malí mo e vete malí: “ʻOku meimei peheni e fakakaukau faka-ʻAmelika [lolotongá] fekauʻaki mo e nofomalí, ʻo hangē ko hono fakamatalaʻi he laó mo ha ngaahi tohi manakoa lahi: ko e nofomalí ko ha vā fetuʻutaki ʻoku fakatefito ʻene ʻi aí, ke fakakakato e fiefia fakafoʻituitui ʻa e taha malí. Kapau he ʻikai ke ne toe fakahoko e fatongiá ni, he ʻikai tukuakiʻi ha taha pea ʻe lava ke fakangata ia ʻe ha taha pē he ongomeʻá ʻo fakatatau mo hono lotó. … ʻOku ʻikai faʻa fai ha fakakaukau ki he fānaú; hangē ʻoku ʻikai ke nau mahuʻingá.”13
Kuo ʻosi akoʻi ʻe he kau taki hotau Siasí ko hono lau ko ia ʻa e malí ko ha “aleapau pē ʻe lava ke fakahoko fakatatau mo hoto lotó … pea fakangata he ʻuluaki faingataʻá … ko ha kovi ʻoku taau ke taʻofi fakaʻaufuli,” tautautefito kapau ʻoku hoko ia ke “faingataʻaʻia ai ʻa e fānaú.”14 ʻOku uesia foki e fānaú ʻe he vete malí. Meimei ko e vaheua ʻe taha ʻo e ngaahi vete mali he taʻu kimui ní ne kau ai ha ngaahi mātuʻa mali ʻoku ʻi ai haʻanau fānau iiki.15
Ne mei maʻu ʻe ha fānau tokolahi e tāpuaki ke ohi hake ʻe he ongomātuʻá fakatouʻosi, kapau naʻe muimui ʻenau mātuʻá he akonaki fakalaumālie ko ʻeni ʻi he fanongonongo ʻo e fāmilí: “ʻOku ʻi ai ha fatongia toputapu ʻo e husepānití mo e uaifí ke na feʻofaʻaki mo fetauhiʻaki pea ki heʻena fānaú foki. … ʻOku maʻu ʻe he mātuʻá ha fatongia toputapu ke ohi hake ʻa ʻenau fānaú ʻi he ʻofa mo e māʻoniʻoni, mo tokonaki maʻa ʻenau ngaahi fie maʻu fakatuʻasinó mo fakalaumālié, pea hīnoiʻi kinautolu ke nau feʻofoʻofá ni mo fetauhiʻakí.”16 ʻOku akoʻi lelei taha e fānaú ʻe he sīpinga ʻa ʻenau mātuʻá. ʻOku mahino ʻoku akoʻi ʻe he ngaahi mātuʻa vete malí ha lēsoni kovi.
ʻOku ʻi ai moʻoni ha ngaahi meʻa ʻe fie maʻu ai ʻa e vete malí maʻá e lelei ki he fānaú, ka ʻoku hāhāmolofia.17 ʻI he ngaahi fefūsiaki fakamali lahi, ʻoku totonu ke fakamamafa lahi ange ʻa e ongomātuʻa fefūsiakí ki he meʻa ʻoku lelei ki he fānaú. Te na lava ʻi he tokoni ʻa e ʻEikí, ke fai ʻeni. ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he fānaú ʻa e ivi fakaeloto mo fakafoʻituitui ko ē ʻoku maʻu ʻi hono ohi hake ʻe ha ongomātuʻa ʻe toko ua ʻokú na uouangataha ʻi heʻena nofo malí mo ʻena ngaahi taumuʻá. ʻOku ou ʻilo tonu ʻi heʻeku hoko ko ha taha ne ohi hake ʻe ha faʻē uitoú, he ʻikai ke lava ʻo aʻusia maʻu pē ʻeni, ka ko e meʻa ia ke feinga ki ai ʻi he taimi kotoa pē ʻe lava aí.
ʻOku hoko e fānaú ko e kau fuofua faingataʻaʻia he lao lolotonga ʻoku fakangofua ai e “vete taʻe ha fehalākí.” Ko e veté ia ʻoku fuʻu faingofua, ʻi he fakakaukau ʻa e fānaú. Naʻe pehē ʻe ha taha mataotao ʻi haʻane fakamatalaʻi ha fakatotolo taʻu hongofulu he saienisi fakasōsialé “ko e ʻavalisí, ko e faʻunga fāmili ʻokú ne ʻomi e lelei tahá ki he fānaú, ko ha ongomātuʻa totonu ʻokú na kei mali.”18 Naʻe pehē ʻe ha taha faiongoongo he New York Times “ko e foʻi moʻoni mahino ʻi he hōloa ko ʻeni ʻa e nofomali angamahení ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití … ko e fakautuutu e fakamoʻoniʻi e mahuʻinga ʻo e malí ki he lelei ʻa e fānaú.”19 ʻOku totonu ke ʻomi ʻe he foʻi moʻoni ko iá ha fakahinohino mahuʻinga ki he ngaahi mātuʻá mo e kau teu hoko ko e mātuʻá ʻi heʻenau ngaahi fili fekauʻaki mo e nofomalí mo e vete malí. ʻOku tau toe fie maʻu foki ʻa e kau ngāue fakapolitikalé, kau faʻu laó, mo e kau ʻōfisá ke fakalahi ʻenau tokanga ki he meʻa ʻoku lelei taha ki he fānaú ʻo kehe mei he meʻa ʻoku tokanga ki ai ʻa e kau filí mo e meʻa ʻoku tokanga ki ai e kakai lalahí.
ʻOku toe uesia foki e fānaú ʻe he ngaahi nofomali ʻoku ʻikai hokó. ʻOku siʻi ha toe ngaahi meʻa fekauʻaki mo e lelei hotau toʻu tangata kei tupu haké ʻe toe fakatupu hohaʻa ange ʻi he lipooti fakamuimui ko e peseti ʻe 41 ʻo e fāʻele kotoa ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ko ha kakai fefine naʻe ʻikai malí.20 ʻOku maʻu ʻe he ngaahi faʻē taʻe malí ha ngaahi palopalema lahi, ʻoku mahino e fakamoʻoní ʻoku tōmui lahi ʻenau fānaú ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki he fānau naʻe ohi hake ʻe ha mātuʻa malí.21
Ko e lahi taha ʻo e fānaú ne fāʻeleʻi ki ha faʻē teʻeki malí—ko e peseti ʻe 58—naʻe fāʻeleʻi ia ki ha ongomātuʻa naʻe nonofo kovi.22 Ko e hā pē haʻatau lau fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi mātuʻa ʻoku ʻikai malí, ʻoku hā mei he ngaahi fakatotoló ʻoku faingataʻaʻia lahi ʻenau fānaú ʻi hono fakafehoanaki ki he fānau kehé.23 ʻOku mahuʻinga e maʻumaʻuluta ʻo e nofomalí ki he fānaú.
ʻOku totonu ke tau lau ʻoku hoko e ngaahi palopalema tatau ki he fānau ʻoku ohi hake ʻe ha ongo tangata pe ongo fafiné. ʻOku fehuʻia ʻe he kiʻi tohi he saienisi fakasōsialé pea mo mātuʻaki fakafekikiʻi fakapolitikale hono uesia lōloa ʻe he meʻá ni e fānaú, tautautefito, ʻo hangē ko hono fakamatalaʻi ʻe ha faiongoongo ʻo e New York Times, “ko e mali fakatangata pe fakafefiné ko ha ʻahiʻahi fakasōsiale pē, pea hangē ko ha ngaahi ʻahiʻahi fakasōsiale lahi, ʻe taimi fuoloa pea toki mahino hono ngaahi nunuʻá.”24
III.
Kuó u lea maʻá e fānaú—ʻa e fānau he feituʻu kotoa pē. ʻE taʻe tali ʻe ha niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi sīpinga ko ʻení, ka ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke tekeʻi ʻe ha taha ʻa e kole ke tau umataha ʻi hono fakatupulaki ʻetau tokanga ki he lelei pea mo e kahaʻu ʻo ʻetau fānaú—ʻa e toʻu tangata kei tupu haké.
Ko ʻetau talanoa ʻeni ki he fānau ʻa e ʻOtuá, pea te tau lava ʻo fai ha meʻa lahi ange ke tokoni, ʻi Heʻene tokoni lahí. ʻOku ʻikai ke u fai ʻa e kolé ni ki he Kāingalotu pē ʻo e Siasí ka ki he kakai ʻo e ngaahi tui fakalotu kotoa pē mo ha niʻihi ʻoku nau ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻoku nau pehē ʻoku mahuʻinga ange e fie maʻu ʻa e niʻihi kehé, kae tautautefito ki he lelei ʻa e fānaú.25
ʻOku toe ʻilo foki ʻe he kakai lotú ʻa e akonaki ʻa e Fakamoʻuí he Fuakava Foʻoú ʻoku hoko e fānau iiki haohaoá ko hotau faʻifaʻitakiʻanga ʻi he loto fakatōkilaló mo e akoʻi ngofuá.
“ʻOku ou tala moʻoni atu kiate kimoutolu, kapau ʻe ʻikai liliu ʻa kimoutolu, ke tatau mo e tamaiki īkí, ʻe ʻikai te mou hū ki he puleʻanga ʻo e langí.
“Ko ia ia te ne fakavaivaiʻi ia ʻo hangē ko e tamasiʻí ni, ko ia pē ʻoku lahi ʻi he puleʻanga ʻo e langí” (Mātiu 18:3–4).
ʻOku tau lau he Tohi ʻa Molomoná ki he akonaki ʻa e ʻEiki kuo toetuʻú ki he kakai Nīfaí, kuo pau ke nau fakatomala mo papitaiso “pea fakavaivaiʻi ʻa kinautolu ʻo hangē ko ʻenau fānau īkí” ka ʻikai he ʻikai ke nau maʻu ʻa e puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá (3 Nīfai 11:38; vakai foki, Molonai 8:10).
Fakatauange te tau loto fakatōkilalo ʻo hangē ko e fānau īkí mo ala atu ke maluʻi kinautolu, he ko kinautolu ʻa hotau kahaʻú, kahaʻu ki hotau Siasí, pea mo hotau ngaahi fonuá. ʻI he huafa ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí, ʻēmeni.