Rondedzero dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga

Pfupiso

Joseph Smith akanyora kuti Mwari Baba naJesu Kristu vakazviratidza kwaari muchisango chemiti pedyo neimba yavabereki vake kumavirira kweNew York State apo paaiva aine makore 14. Achinetsekena pamusoro pezvivi zvake uye asina chokwadi kuti otevera nzira ipi yezvomweya, Joseph akatsvaga nhungamiro kuburikidza nekupinda misangano, kuverenga magwaro matsvene, uye nokunamata. Mumhinduro, akagamuchira chiratidzo chekudenga. Joseph akagovera ruzivo uye akanyora pamusoro peChiratidzo Chekutanga, sokuzivikanwa kwachakazoitwa, pazviitiko zvakawanda; akanyora iye pachake kana kuti akapa basa vanyori rokuti vanyore rondedzero ina dzakasiyana dzechiratidzo chacho.

Joseph Smith akashambadza rondedzero mbiri dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga munguva yeupenyu hwake. Yekutanga yerondedzero idzi, iyo mazuva ano inozivikanwa seNhoroondo—yaJoseph Smith, yakaitwa chinyorwa chitsvene muDombo reMutengo Mukuru uye nokudaro yakava rondedzero inonyanyozivikanwa zvikuru. Rondedzero mbiri dzisina kushambadzwa, idzo dzakanyorwa mubhuku renhoroondo yehupenyu hwaJoseph Smith rekutangisisa uye mujonari rakazotevera, dzakakanganwikwa kanzinji kusvikira vanyori venhoroondo vaishandira Chechi yaJesu Kristu yaVatendi vaMazuva Ekupedzisira vadziwana zvakare uye vakadzishambadza munana 1960. Kubva panguva iyoyo, zvinyorwa izvi zvakakurukurwa kakawanda mumamagazini eChechi, muzvinyorwa zvaidhindwa nenzvimbo dzekudhinda dzeChechi kana kuti dzaishanda pamwechete neChechi, uye nenyanzvi dzezvidzidzo dzeVatendi vaMazuva Ekupedzisira mune zvimwe zvishambadzwi.¹ Pamusoro perondedzero dzakarondedzerwa nechapupu pachake, kunewo tsanangudzo shanu dzechiratidzo chaJoseph Smith chakanyorwa nevanhu nevakararama panguva imwechete naye.²

Rondedzero dzakasiyana-siyana dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga dzinotaura nyaya yakafanana, kunyange zvazvo dzichisiyana mukomekedzo uye nemuudzamu. Vanyori venhoroondo vanotarisira kuti apo munhu paanodzokorora kutaura zvakaitika kwaari achizvitaura munzvimbo dzakawanda uye kuvanhu vakasiyana nemumakore akawanda, rondedzero imwe neimwe inozokomekedza zvikamu zvakasiyana zvechiitiko ichocho uye dzova netsanangudzo dzeruzivo dzakasiyana nedzimwe. Zvechokwadi, zvisiyano zvakafanana neizvo zviri murondedzero dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga zvinowanikwawo murondedzero dzezvinyorwa zvitsvene dzakawanda dzechiratidzo chaPauro paaiva munzira kuenda kuDhamasiko uye nyaya yeVaapositora yepaGomo Rekushandurwa.³ Asi zvisinei nezvisiyano izvi, pane kuenderana kwakakosha kunowanikwa murondedzero dzese dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga. Vamwe vakapikisa zvisizvo vachiti rusiyano rupi zvaro rwuri mukurondedzerwazve kwenyaya yacho umboo hwekuti ingano dzefungidziro. Panokudaro, zvinyorwa izvi zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana zvenhororondo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pechiitiko ichi chinoshamisa kupfuura zvataizoita dai chakanyorwa nezvacho zvishoma.

Rondedzero dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga

Rondedzero imwe neimwe yeChiratidzo Chekutanga yakanyorwa naJoseph Smith uye nevamwe vakararama panguva imwechete naye ine nhoroondo yayo yega uye nemamiriro ezvinhu zvakakurudzira marangarirwo nematsanangurirwo, mataurirwo uye nemanyorerwe akaitwa chiitiko chacho. Rondedzero idzi dzinokurukurwa nezvadzo pazasi.

Rondedzero ya1832. Rondedzero yekutangisisa inozivikanwa yeChiratidzo Chekutanga, rondedzero yega yakanyorwa naJoseph Smith pachake, inowanikwa munhoroondo pfupi yeupenyu hwaJoseph Smith isina kushambadzwa yakanyorwa muchikamu chechipiri chegore ra1832. Murondedzero yacho, Joseph Smith akatsanangura nezvekuziva kwake kuti ane zvivi zvake pachake uye kushushikana kwaaiita nekusakwanisa kuwana chitendero chaienderana neicho chaakanga averenga nezvacho muTestamende Itsva uye chaizomutungamira kurununuro. Akakomekedza nezve Rudzikinuro rwaJesu Kristu uye rununuro rwemunhu pachake rwarwaipa. Akanyora kuti “Ishe” akazviratidza kwaari uye akamukanganwira zvivi zvake. Semugumisiro wechiratidzo ichocho, Joseph akanzwa mufaro uye rudo, kunyangwezvazvo, sekutaura kwaakaita, haana kukwanisa kuwana mumwe munhu aibvuma nyaya yake. Verenga rondedzero ya1832 pano.

Rondedzero ya1835. Mumwaka wamatsutso wa1835, Joseph Smith akarondedzera zvakare Chiratidzo Chekutanga chake kuna Robert Matthews, uyo aive mushanyi kuKirtland, Ohio. Kurondedzera zvakare uku, uko kwakanyorwa mujonari yaJoseph nemunyori wake Warren Parrish, kunokomekedza nezvekuedza kwake kuwana kuti chechi yechokwadi yaiva ipi, kupikiswa kwaakanzwa apo paainamata, uye kuzviratidza kwaari kwemunhu wehumwari uyo akateverwa munguva pfupi nemumwezve. Rondedzero iyi inotaurawo nezve kuzviratidza kwengirozi muchiratidzo chacho. Verenga rondedzero ya1835 pano.

Rondedzero ya1838. Rondedzero yeChiratidzo Chekutanga inonyanya kuzivikanwa neVatendi vaMazuva Ekupedzisira vemazuva ano irondedzero ya1838. Rondedzero yacho, iyo yakatanga kushambadzwa muna 1842 mubepanhau reChechi, Times and Seasons, muNauvoo, Illinois, yaiva chikamu chenhoroondo refu yakataurwa naJoseph Smith panguva dzaaipikiswa zvakanyanya. Apo rondedzero ya1832 ichinyanya kukomekedza nezvenyaya yaJoseph Smith pachezvake semurume wechidiki aitsvaga ruregerero, rondedzero ya1838 inonangisa pachiratidzo semavambo “ekumuka nokubudirira kweChechi.” Kufanana nerondedzero ya1835, mubvunzo wakakoshesa werondedzero iyi ndewekuti chechi yechokwadi ndeipi. Verenga rondedzero ya1838 pano.

Rondedzero ya1842. Ichinyorwa semhinduro kumupepeti webepanhau rainzi Chicago Democrat ainzi John Wentworth uyo ainge akumbira ruzivo pamusoro peVatendi Vamazuva Ekupedzisira, rondedzero iyi yakadhindwa mubepanhau rainzi Times and Seasons muna 1842. (“Tsamba yaWentworth,” sekuzivikanwa kwainoitwa, ndiyowo kwakatorwa Misimboti yeChitendero.)⁴ Rondedzero yacho, iyo yakanyorwa nechinangwa chokuishambadza kuvaverengi vaisaziva zvitendero zvemaMormoni, iri muchidimbu uye yakanyorwa zvakajeka. Sezvakaita dzimwe rondedzero dzekare, Joseph Smith akataura nezvekuviringidzika kwaakava nako uye kuzviratidza kwevanhu vaviri mumhinduro kumunamato wake. Gore rakatevera, Joseph Smith akatumira rondedzero iyi aigadziridza zvishoma kumunyori wenhoroondo ainzi Israel Daniel Rupp, uyo akaishambadza sechitsauko mubhuku rake rinonzi, He Pasa Ekklesia [Chechi Yose]: An Original History of the Religious Denominations at Present Existing in the United States.⁵ Verenga rondedzero ya1842 pano.

Rondedzero Dzevanhu Vakazvinzwa Kokutanga kubva kuChapupu. Kunze kwerondedzero dzaJoseph Smith pachake, pane rondedzero shanu dzakanyorwa nevamwe vakararama panguva imwechete naye vakamunzwa achitaura nezvechiratidzo chacho. Verenga rondedzero idzi apa.

Rupokano Maererano neRondedzero dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga chaJoseph Smith

Kusiyana-siyana uye huwandu hwerondedzero dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga kwakaita kuti vamwe vatsoropodzi vasava nechokwadi chekuti zvakatsanangurwa naJoseph Smith zvainyatsoenderana nehuchokwadi hwechiitiko chake. Mashoko ekupokana nerondedzero yake anotaurwa munzira mbiri: yekutanga inotaura pamusoro pekukwanisa kwaJoseph Smith kuyeuka zviitiko zvacho; yechipiri ndeyekuti zvimwe akatutsiridza zvimwe zvikamu zverondedzero yacho nekufamba kwenguva kuti itaurike zvakanaka kuvanhu.

Ndangariro. Rimwe shoko rerupokano maererano nerondedzero dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga chaJoseph Smith rinoti umboo hwenhoroondo yakare hahwutsigiri tsanangudzo yaJoseph Smith yerumutsidziro rwezvechitendero muPalmyra, New York, nenzvimbo dzakaipoteredza muna 1820. Vamwe vanopokana naye vachiti izvi zvinoderedza kusimba kwezvakataurwa naJoseph nezvechido chakanga chisati chamboonekwa chezvechitendero uye nerondedzero yechiratidzo pachezvayo.

Umboo hwakanyorwa, zvisinei, hwunotsigira zvakataurwa naJoseph Smith maererano nerumutsiridzo rwezvechitendero. Dunhu iro raaigara rakatanga kuita mukurumbira nemanyawi echitendero uye zvirokwazvo yaiva nzvimbo yezvekumutsiridza kwakanyanya kwechitendero. Vanyori venhoroondo vanodaidza dunhu iri “sedunhu rakapiswa nemoto” nokuda kwekuti vaparidzi vakafamba vakasakadza nzvimbo yese vachiita misangano yekumutsiridza chitendero vachiedza kutendeutsa vanhu mukutanga kwema 1800.⁶ Semuenzaniso, muna Chikumi 1818, mumwe musangano weMethodist wakaitirwa muPalmyra, uye chirimo chakazotevera, maMethodist vakaungana zvakare kuVienna (yava kunzi Phelps), New York, makiromita 24 kubva kupurazi remhuri yekwaSmith. Majonari ainyorwa nemuparidzi wechiMethodist aifamba nzvimbo nenzvimbo anotaura zvakawanda nezvechido chikuru chezvechitenderomudunhu raigara Joseph muna 1819 uye 1820. Anopa sumo yekuti Mufundisi George Lane, mushumiri werumutsiridzo rwezvechitendero weMethodist, aiva mudunhu iroro mumakore maviri aya, achitaura “nezvenzira yaMwari mukuunza Rupinduko kuChitendero.”⁷ Umboo hwenhoroondo uhwu hunowirirana netsanangudzo yaJoseph. Akataura kuti chido chikuru chezvechitendero chaiva chisati chamboonekwa mudunhu rake kana nharaunda yake “chakatanga nemaMethodist.” Zvechokwadi, Joseph akataura kuti “pfungwa yangu yakave yarerekera” kuchitendero cheMethodist.⁸

Tutsiridzo. Rupokano rwechipiri rwaigaroitwa maererano nerondedzero dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga chaJoseph Smith nderwekuti akatutsiridza nyaya yake nekufamba kwenguva. Pokano iyi inonangisa zvinhu zviviri: huwandu uye vanhu vekudenga vakataurwa naJoseph Smith kuti akaona. Rondedzero dzeChiratidzo Chekutanga chaJoseph Smith dzinotsanangura vanhu vekudenga zvakanyanya kudzama nekufamba kwenguva. Rondedzero ya1832 inoti, “Ishe vakandizarurira matenga uye ndakaona Ishe.” Rondedzero yake ya1838 inoti, “Ndakaona Vanhu vaviri,” mumwe wacho akasuma mumwe “seMwanakomana Wangu Wandinoda.” Nekuda kwaizvozvo, vashoropodzi vakapokana nazvo vachiti Joseph Smith akatanga nekutaura kuti akaona munhu mumwechete—“Ishe”—ndokuzopedzisira achiti iye akanga aona vese Baba neMwanakomana.⁹

Pane dzimwe nzira dzinoenderana dzekuona nadzo umboo hwacho. Zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti pane wirirano iripo pakati perondedzero dzacho: nhatu dzerondedzero ina dzinonyatsotaura zvakajeka kuti vanhu vaviri vakazviratidza kuna Joseph Smith paChiratidzo Chekutanga. Yakasiyana nedzimwe irondedzero yaJoseph Smith ya1832, iyo inogona kuverengwa seinotaura munhu mumwe kana vaviri. Kana ikaverengwa seinotaura munhu mumwechete wekudenga, zvingangova kuti inotaura nezve munhu akamuregerera zvivi zvake. Maererano nerondedzero dzakazotevera, munhu wehumwari wekutanga akaudza Joseph Smith kuti “anzwe” munhu wehumwari wechipiri, Jesu Kristu, uyo zvino akazotaura shoko guru ravaiva naro, iro raisanganisira shoko roruregerero.¹⁰ Rondedzero yaJoseph Smith ya1832, zvino, inogona kunge yakanyanya kutaura nezvaJesu Kristu, mupi weruregerero.

Imwe nzira yekuverenga nayo rondedzero ya1832 ndeyekuti Joseph Smith akataura nezvevanhu vaviri, vese vaakadaidza kuti “Ishe.” Pikiso yekuti akatutsiridza rondedzero dzake nekufamba kwenguva inomisirwa pafungidziro yekuti rondedzero ya1832 inotsanangura nezvekuzviratidza kwemunhu wehumwari mumwe chete. Asi rondedzero ya1832 haitauri kuti munhu mumwechete ndiye akazviratidza. Onai kuti kutaurwa kwekuti “Ishe” kwakasiyaniswa nenguva yakwakataurwa: kutanga “Ishe” vanozarura matenga; zvino Joseph Smith anoona “Ishe.” Chiverengo ichi cherondedzero yacho chinowirirana nerondedzero yaJoseph ya1835, iyo munhu mumwechete anotanga kuzviratidza, obva ateverwa nemumwe munguva pfupi. Saka zvine musoro kuti rondedzero ya1832 inogona kuverengwa kureva kuti Joseph Smith akaona munhu mumwechete uyo akazoratidza mumwe wacho uye kuti vese akavati “Ishe”: “Ishe vakandizarurira matenga uye ndakaona Ishe.”¹¹

Tsananguro dzaiwedzera mukuva dzemazvo dzaJoseph nokudaro dzinokwanisa kuverengwa zvinopwisa seumboo hwakasimba hwenzwisiso yakawedzera,yaikura nekufamba kwenguva, nokuda kweruzivo rwaairamba achiwana muupenyu. Muchidimbu, musiyano uri pakati perondedzero ya1832 nedzimwe rondedzero dzakazotevera unogona kuva nechekuita nemisiyano pakati peshoko rakanyorwa nerakataurwa. Rondedzero ya1832 inomiririra nguva yekutanga iyo Joseph Smith yaakaedza kunyora pasi nhoroondo yake. Gore rimwechete iroro, akanyorera shamwari yake kuti ainzwa seakasungwa “nebepa chinyoreso neIngi uye neMutauro usina kutsetseka nekumira zvanaka uye usina kururama.” Akadaidza shoko rakanyorwa kuti “kajere kadiki kakatetepa.”¹² Hudzamu nehurefu hwerondedzero dzakazotevera hwunonzwisisika zviri nyore uye hwunotarisirwa apo patinonzwisisa kuti pamwe dzaiva rondedzero dzaitaurwa kumunyori achinyora pasi—izvo zvaiva nyore kuna Joseph Smith uye zvakaita kuti mashoko anyatsobuda zviri nyore.

Mhedziso

Joseph Smith akapupura kakawanda zvikuru kuti akava nechiratidzo chinoshamisa chaMwari Baba uye Mwanakomana Wavo, Jesu Kristu. Zvose huchokwadi hweChiratidzo Chekutanga kana pokano pamusoro pacho hazvikwaniswi kuratidzwa kuti ndezvechokwadi nekungoongorora nhoroondo chete. Kuziva huchokwadi hweuchapupu hwaJoseph Smith kunoda kuti mumwe nemumwe ari kutsvaga nemwoyo wese anzvere rondedzero yacho uye zvino oshandisa rutendo rwakakwana muna Kristu kukumbira Mwari mumunamato wechokwadi, wekuzvininipisa kuti azive kuti rondedzero yacho ndeyechokwadi here. Kana mutsvagi wacho akakumbira aine chinangwa chechokwadi chekuita zvinoenderana nemhunduro yazarurwa neMweya Mutsvene, huchokwadi hwechiratidzo chaJoseph Smith hunozotaridzwa. Nenzira iyi, munhu wese anokwanisa kuziva kuti Joseph Smith akataura chokwadi paakati, “Ndakanga ndaona chiratidzo, ndaizviziva; uye ndaiziva kuti Mwari vaizviziva, uye handaikwanisa kuzviramba.”¹³

Chechi inotenda rubatsiro rwenyanzvi dzedzidzo kuruzivo rwenhoroondo rwakapuwa munyaya ino; basa ravo rinoshandiswa nemvumo.

Chakashambadzwa kokutanga muna Mbudzi 2013.

Misoro yeNyaya inoenderana

• Kupindura Mibvunzo yeVhangeri

• Musoro weHumwari

• Mwari Baba

• Jesu Kristu

• Joseph Smith

• Kudzorerwa kweChechi

• Kudzorerwa kweHupirisita

Magwaro Matsvene

Majerero eMagwaro Matsvene

• Nhoroondo—yaJoseph Smith

Mavhidhiyo

“The Restoration”

“Joseph Smith: The Prophet of the Restoration”

“Mission Preparation Track 14: Gordon B. Hinckley”

Zvibatsiro Zvekudzidza

Zvibatsiro Zvese

“History, zvingangova muChirimo 1832,” The Joseph Smith Papers

“Journal, 1835–1836,” The Joseph Smith Papers

“History, zvingangova muna Chikumi 1839–zvingangova muna 1841 [Draft 2],” The Joseph Smith Papers

“‘Church History,’ 1 Kurume 1842,” The Joseph Smith Papers

“‘Vatendi Vamazuva Ekupedzisira,’ 1844,” The Joseph Smith Papers

“Primary Accounts of Joseph Smith’s First Vision of Deity,” The Joseph Smith Papers

Magazini eChechi

“Preparing for the Restoration,” Ensign, Chikumi 1999

“Book of Mormon Personalities Known by Joseph Smith,” Ensign, Zvita 1983

1. Ona, semuenzaniso, James B. Allen, “Eight Contemporary Accounts of the First Vision—What Do We Learn from Them?” Improvement Era, 73 (1970): 4–13; Richard L. Anderson, “Joseph Smith’s Testimony of the First Vision,” Ensign, Kubvumbi 1996, 10–21; Milton V. Backman, Joseph Smith’s First Vision: The First Vision in Its Historical Context (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1971; 2nd ed., 1980); Steven C. Harper, Joseph Smith’s First Vision: A Guide to the Historical Accounts (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2012).

2. Rondedzero dzese idzi dzakabudiswa zvakare muDean C. Jessee, “The Earliest Documented Accounts of Joseph Smith’s First Vision,” muJohn W. Welch, ed., naErick B. Carlson, Opening the Heavens: Accounts of Divine Manifestations, 1820–1844 (Provo and Salt Lake City: Brigham Young University Press and Deseret Book, 2005), 1–33.

3. Mabasa aVaapositora 9:3–9; 22:6–21; 26:12–18; Mateo 17:1–13; Marko 9:2–13; Ruka 9:28–36.

4. Tsamba yakazara inowanikwa muJoseph Smith, “Church History,” Times and Seasons 3 (Kurume 1, 1842): 706–10.

5. Joseph Smith, “Latter Day Saints,” muI. Daniel Rupp, He Pasa Ekklesia: An Original History of the Religious Denominations at Present Existing in the United States (Philadelphia: J. Y. Humphreys, 1844), 404–10.

6. Whitney R. Cross, The Burned-Over District: The Social and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New York, 1800–1850 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1950); Paul E. Johnson, A Shopkeeper’s Millennium: Society and Revivals in Rochester, New York, 1815–1837 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1983); Nathan O. Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989).

7. Benajah Williams diary, Chikunguru 15, 1820, kopi iri muChurch History Library, Salt Lake City; chiperengo chagadziridzwa.

8. Rondedzero ya1838 (Nhoroondo—yaJoseph Smith 1:5–8).

9. Rondedzero ya1832 (Joseph Smith History, munenge muChirimo 1832, 3, mu Joseph Smith, “Letter Book A,” Joseph Smith Collection, Church History Library, Salt Lake City); Rondedzero ya1838 (Nhoroondo—yaJoseph Smith 1:17).

10. Rondedzero ya1838 (Nhoroondo—yaJoseph Smith 1:17); Rondedzero ya1835 (Joseph Smith, “Sketch Book of the use of Joseph Smith, jr.,” Journal, Mbudzi 9–11, 1835, Joseph Smith Collection, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

11. Rondedzero ya1832 (Joseph Smith History, munenge muChirimo. 1832, 3, mu Joseph Smith, “Letter Book A,” Joseph Smith Collection, Church History Library, Salt Lake City).

12. Joseph Smith kuna William W. Phelps, Mbudzi 27, 1832, Joseph Smith Collection, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; inowanikwa pa www.josephsmithpapers.org.

13. Rondedzero ya1838 (Nhoroondo—yaJoseph Smith 1:25).