Rongorongon te Ekaretia
Jane Elizabeth Manning James

“Jane Elizabeth Manning James,” Atuun Rongorongo n Rongorongon te Ekaretia

“Jane Elizabeth Manning James”

Jane Elizabeth Manning James

Jane Elizabeth Manning (circa 1822–1908) bon temanna mai ibuakoia ataei aika niman aika bungiaki n inaomata nakon te taanga n African American i Connecticut n te tai are angiia aomata aika ibwatabwata bon tooro n te United States.1 Ngke te kairake n ikawai ngaia, e kaina te Ekaretia ae te New Canaan Congregational n 1841, ma 18 te namwakaina imwiina, n te winta n 1842–43, ngaia ma tabeman kaain te utu a bwabetitoaki nakon Ana Ekaretia Iesu Kristo ibukiia Aika Itiaki ni Boong aika Kaitira. Jane ma kaain ana utu ake tabeman a waekoa n tangiria n raoniia Aika Itiaki i Nauvoo, ngaia are a mwananga mai Connecticut nako New York, ao a baireia bwa a na mwananga ni botin te karaanga ao botin te kanare. E ngae n anne, aki kariaiakaki man booti aikai ibukin kakaokoroia, ngaia are a nakonako n te raroa ae 1287.48 te kiromiita. I Peoria, Illinois, taani kairiiri n te tabo aki koaua raoi iaon taekaia ana utu Mannings ibukina ngaiia bon tooro aika birinako ao a tangira beeban kakoauakin kainaomatakiia. Te kakaokoroaki bon te kaangaanga ae na bon kaitara ma ngaia Jane inanon maiuna.

katotongan tamnein Jane Manning James

Katotongan tamnein Jane Manning James.

Ana Mwamwannano Te Raiburari ao te Akaiwiti n Rongorongon te Ekaretia

N te tai are e roko iai i Nauvoo, e waekoa Jane ni karikirakea ana reitaki ae tamaroa ma Iotebwa ao Emma Smith. E maeka ma ngaia ao e mwakuri n aia auti. N te tai teuana, Emma e tuanga Jane bwa e na tabekaki bwa te nati n ana utu te Smith man te kabaebae n te nakoanibonga.2 E aki butimwaia Jane, bwa e aki ota iai, te waaki ae boou, ma e matoa ana koaua n nakoan Iotebwa ni burabeti. “I ataa raoi te Burabeti Iotebwa Timiti,” e taekinna ni kakoaua imwiina. “Bon te kabanea n tamaroa ni mwaane ae I tuai man nonoria mai imwaina. … I kakoaua raoi bwa te burabeti bukina bwa I ataia.”3

Rinanon te reitaki ni marooro ma Iotebwa ao tinana, Lucy Mack Smith, Jane e reiakina ae bati riki n ana Boki Moomon ao aron rairana ao ni karekea otana iai ma te karinerine ibukin otenanti n te tembora.

E mare Jane ma Isaac James, te ibwabwata ae inaomata ae rairaki mai Jersey. Ngaia, ma natin Jane te mwaane Sylvester, a kitana Nauvoo n 1846 nako maeao n raoniia Aika Itiaki. N Tuun n te ririki anne, Jane ao Isaac a karikia natiia te mwaane ae Silas. N te ririki are imwiina te utu a rinanon te rereua, ao n roko i Salt Lake Valley n te 1847. Isaac ao Jane iai onoman riki natiia, ti uoman aika a abwabwaki maiuia nakon Jane. N aroia taan maeka ake tabeman n te Salt Lake Valley, a mwakuri korakora Jane ao Isaac ibukiia aia utu. E mwakuri Isaac bwa te reibwa ao te tia tararua te aenika are katikaki n te aoti ibukin Brigham Young, ao Jane e rarangai kunnikai, karao kunikai, ao e uaati, n aron are e a tia ni karaoia i Nauvoo.

Itabararaia n aia mare ngaia e karika aia buraure Isaac ao Jane n 1870. Imwiina Jane e mare, ma te toro ngkoa ae Frank Perkins n te maan ae uoua te ririki, ma imwiina e a manga okira maiuna ni karo ao n tibu n akea buuna. Kainnanoan te mwane ao maten natina aika teniman are e a karika manga okin Jane nakon te mwakuri. E karaoi ao e kaboanakoa te tobu, ngke natina mwaane ake uoman a tatangoaki bwa reibwa. N te ririki 1890, imwiin 20 te ririki n raure, e okirikaaki Isaac nako Salt Lake City, e kaboua ana membwatibu n te Ekaretia, ao ni karekea ana reitaki n iraorao ma Jane. Ngke e mate teuana te ririki imwiina, e karaoaki te taunimate ni mweengan Jane.

Rinanon kaangaangan maiuna, e tiku n teimatoa Jane nakon ana onimaki n reirein te euangkerio ao ni kamoanibwaia ana membwatibu n te Ekaretia. E anga nanona bwa e na angamwane ni katean te tembora ao bwa e na ibuobuoki ma te Bootaki n Aine ao te Young Ladies’ Retrenchment Society.4 E rinanon ana bwai n tituaraoi te tamnei Jane, n raonaki ma mii ni burabeti, te kamaiuaki man te onimaki, ao n taetae n aekakin taetae nako. “Au onimaki n Ana Euangkerio Iesu Kristo,” e koreia ni maiuna imwiina, “e bon korakora n ai aron te bong aei, eng, e bon kona riki ni korakora nakon te bong are i moan bwabetitoaki iai.”5

Imarenan 1884 ao 1904, e teimatoa Jane n reitaki ma taan kairiiri n te Ekaretia—John Taylor, Wilford Woodruff, Zina D. H. Young, ao Joseph F. Smith—ao n ukoukora te kariaia ni karekean ana entaumente n te tembora ao ni kabaeaki.6 N te tai anne, mwaane ao aine irouia Aika Itiaki ni Boong aika Kaitira aika ibwabwata aikoa kariaiakaki n irii angiin otenanti n te tembora. N 1888, te beretitenti n te titeiki Angus M. Cannon e kariaia Jane bwa e na karaoi bwabetito ibukiia ana utu ake a tia ni mate.7 Taan kairiiri n te Ekaretia a kariaia bwa e na kabaeaki n te oneanimwi n ana utu Iotebwa Timiti bwa te toro n te 1894, te bwai ae aki kakaraoaki. E ngae ngke e aki karekea te entaunmente n te tembora ke te kabaeaki ma ana utu inanon maiuna, a karaoaki otenanti aikai ibukina n te 1979.8

E mate n Eberi 16, 1908, ngke 95 ana ririki, te aomata ae kakaonimaki n tainako irouia aika Itiaki ni Boong aika Kaitira. Te Deseret News e ribotinna, “Tabeman aomata a kinaaki riki n aia onimaki ao n aia kakaonimaki nakon Jane Manning James, ao e ngae ngke te aonaaba ae nanorinano e warekiia raoraona ao ana reitaki n te bubua.”9

Bwaai aika a na taraaki

  1. E a tia tinan Jane n tautoronaki ma e kainaomataki man tuan Connecticut ni kainaomataan te aomata. E bungiaki n inaomata Jane, ma te tautoronaki e bwainaki iaan te tua n te titeiki ni karokoa imwiin nakon Jane. Ni maiun Jane, taraa Henry J. Wolfinger, “A Test of Faith: Jane Elizabeth Manning James and the Origins of the Utah Black Community,” inanon Clark Knowlton, ed., Social Accommodation in Utah (Salt Lake City: University of Utah, 1975), 126–75 ao Quincy D. Newell, “The Autobiography and Interview of Jane Elizabeth Manning James,” Journal of Africana Religions, waorium. 1, nambwa. 2 (2013), 251–91.

  2. Ana reta Zina D. H. Young nakon Joseph F. Smith, Tianuare. 15, 1894, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

  3. “‘Aunt’ Jane James,” inanon “Joseph Smith, the Prophet,” Young Woman’s Journal, waorium. 16, nambwa. 12 (Ritembwa. 1905), 551, 553.

  4. Eighth Ward Relief Society Minutes and Records, 1867–1969, Te Kawaniua n Uoote, Liberty Titeiki, Aokati. 20, 1874; Okitobwa. 20, 1874; Ritembwa. 21, 1874; Tianuare. 20, 1875; Mati. 22, 1875; Meei 20, 1875; Nobembwa. 20, 1875, waorium. 1, Church History Library, Salt Lake City [Jane e kabongana kabanean aran Perkins n te tai ae uarereke]; “Ladies Semi-monthly Meeting,” Woman’s Exponent, waorium. 22, nambwa. 9 (Ritembwa. 1, 1893), 66. E angamwane Jane ibukin karaoakin St. George, Logan, ao Tembora i Manti, ao n tibwatibwa nakon te Lamanite (Indian) Mition. Taraa Linda King Newell ao Valeen Tippetts Avery, “Jane Manning James,” Ensign, Aokati. 1979, 29.

  5. Jane Elizabeth Manning James autobiography, circa 1902, e taekinaki nakon Elizabeth J. D. Roundy, Church History Library, Salt Lake City, 22.

  6. Ana reta Jane E. James nakon John Taylor, Ritembwa. 27, 1884; Ana reta Jane E. James nakon Joseph F. Smith, Beberuare. 7, 1890; Ana reta Jane E. James nakon Joseph F. Smith, Aokati. 31, 1903.

  7. Angus M. Cannon letter nakon Jane E. James, Tuun 16, 1888; taraa naba Tonya Reiter, “Black Saviors on Mount Zion: Proxy Baptisms and Latter-day Saints of African Descent,” Journal of Mormon History, waorium. 43, nambwa. 4 (Okitobwa. 2017), 100–123.

  8. N rongorongon maiun Jane Elizabeth Manning James, circa 1902. E taekina oin rongorongon Jane i Salt Lake City imarenan 1902 ao 1908; Ronald G. Coleman ao Darius A. Gray, “Two Perspectives: The Religious Hopes of ‘Worthy’ African American Latter-day Saints before the 1978 Revelation,” i Newell G. Bringhurst ao Darron T. Smith, eds., Black and Mormon (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004), 54. Taraa naba Quincy D. Newell, “The Autobiography and Interview of Jane Manning James,” Journal of Africana Religions, waorium. 1, nambwa. 2 (2013), 256, 275 (taekana 34).

  9. “Death of Jane Manning James,” Deseret News, Eberi. 16, 1908.