Fakakomipiuta Pē
Ko Hono Langa ʻe he Kau Faifekau Ngāue Tokoní ʻa e Siasí
Ko e founga kuo tokoni ai ʻa e kau faifekau ngāue tokoní ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí, ke vahevahe ʻa e ongoongoleleí.
ʻI he taimi naʻe ʻosi ai ʻa e ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa ʻEletā Nataniela Sionisoní, naʻá ne fakakaukau ki he taʻu ʻe ua kimuʻá—ʻa e ngāue naʻá ne faí, kakai naʻá ne tāpuakiʻí, pea mo mo e founga ʻene tupulakí. Naʻe vahe ia ke ne ngāue ʻi ha taha ʻo e ngaahi fale tukuʻanga koloa ʻe 124 ʻo e kau pīsopé ʻa ia ʻoku fakalele ʻe he Siasí ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní. Naʻá ne fakahifo ha ngaahi loli, fakafonu ha ngaahi funga laupapa tauhi koloa, pea tauhi ke maʻa ʻa e fale tukuʻanga koloá.
Kiate iá, ko e ngaahi aʻusia mahuʻinga tahá ko hono tokoniʻi ʻa e kau pataloní ke fakafonu ʻa e ʻota ki he meʻakai mo e koloa ne fuʻu fiemaʻú. Naʻá ne pehē, “Naʻá ku ʻomi ʻa e maama ʻo Kalaisí ki he moʻui ʻa e niʻihi kehé kae lava ke nau ʻiloʻi ko ha konga kinautolu ʻo e palani ʻa e Tamai Hēvaní.”
ʻI he ngaahi ʻaho femoʻuekina lolotonga ʻa e mahaki fakaʻauha COVID-19, naʻe tuʻu takai ʻa e kau pataloní ʻi he konga kelekelé pea naʻe fakaava ʻa e fale tukuʻanga koloá ʻi ha houa ʻe 10 ʻi he ʻaho. Naʻá ne fakatokangaʻi, “naʻá ku ʻiloʻi ko e taimi ʻoku ʻiate kitautolu ai ʻa e ʻEikí, te tau lava ʻo fai ha faʻahinga meʻa pē pea ikunaʻi ha faʻahinga faingataʻa pē.”1
ʻOku hokohoko atu ʻe ʻEletā Sionisoni ha tukufakaholo lōloa ʻo e kau faifekau naʻe ui ke langa ʻa e Siasí ʻi ha ngaahi founga makehe mei he malangá. Talu mei he ngaahi ʻaho naʻe kamata ai ʻa e Siasí, kuo uiuiʻi ha kau faifekau ke nau ngāue ʻi ha ngaahi keliʻanga koula, tā ha ngaahi fakatātā lalahi ʻi he ngaahi temipalé, tānaki ha ngaahi tohi hohoko, langa ha ngaahi ʻapiako mo e ngaahi fale ʻo e Siasí, mo teuteuʻi ha uelofea mo e tokoni ʻofa fakaetangatá. ʻOku tokoni ʻenau ngāué ki he ngāue ʻa e Siasí ke hiki hake mo faitāpuekina fakaʻatamai, fakasōsiale, mo fakatuʻasino, pehē foki ki he fakalaumālie, ʻa e fānau ʻa e ʻOtuá. ʻI he ngāue ko iá, kuo fakamālohia foki ai mo e fakamoʻoni ʻa e kau faifekaú, pea kuo nau maʻu ha ngaahi pōtoʻi ngāue mo ha aʻusia ʻoku tolonga ʻi he kotoa ʻo ʻenau moʻuí.
Ngaahi Ngāue Kimuʻá
Naʻe faʻa ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo ha kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi, koeʻuhí ko ha ngaahi taumuʻa makehe mei he malangá. Hangē ko ʻení, ʻi he ʻaho 24 ʻo Fēpueli, 1834, naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha fakahā ʻa ia naʻe fakahinohinoʻi ai ia mo ha niʻihi kehe ʻe toko fitu ke nau “fakatahataha” kotoa “ki he mālohinga ʻo [e fale ʻo e ʻEikí]” ke huhuʻi ʻa Saione (Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 103:22). Naʻe fekauʻi kinautolu ke nau fononga atu “ʻi he ngaahi fakatahaʻanga lotu ʻi he ngaahi fonua fakahahaké” ʻo talaki ʻa e fiemaʻu ha kau tangata mo ha paʻanga ke fakakakato ʻaki ʻa hono huhuʻi ʻo Saioné (Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 103:29–40). Naʻe fakahinohino foki kia ʻOasoni Haiti ke fekumi ki ha ngaahi tokoni fakapaʻanga ʻa ia ʻe lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he Siasí ki hono fakatau mai ha kelekele ʻi Mīsuli pea ke totongi ʻaki ha moʻua ʻi hono langa ʻo e Temipale Ketilaní.2
ʻI he taimi naʻe hoko ai ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ko e Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí, naʻá ne ui ha niʻihi ki ha ngaahi misiona naʻe fakataumuʻa ki ha ngaahi meʻa fakatuʻasino, ʻa ia naʻe mahino mai, naʻa mo e ngaahi ngāue fakatuʻasinó ʻoku ʻi ai hono ngaahi taumuʻa fakalaumālie. ʻI he 1856, naʻá ne fili ha kau faifekau ke nau fononga ki he ʻēlia Lasi Vekasí ke ʻahiʻahiʻi ʻa e keliʻanga pulú (lead). Naʻe ui ha niʻihi ki he mainá mo e haka ukameá.3 Ko e faʻahinga misiona fakatuʻasino ko ʻení naʻe angamaheni ia ʻi he senituli hongofulu mā hivá.
Kau Faifekau ʻĀtí
ʻI he konga kimui ʻo e senituli hongofulu mā hivá, naʻe ʻave atu ʻe he Siasí ha kau ʻaati ne filifili ke nau ako ʻi Pālesi, Falanisē, koeʻuhí ke nau lava ʻo vali ha ngaahi fakatātā lalahi ʻi he Temipale Salt Lake. Naʻe uiuiʻi pea vaheʻi ʻa Sione Heifeni, Sione B. Feapengi, mo Lōlisi Pālati ʻi he 1890, ke nau hoko ko ha kau “faifekau ʻaati.” Naʻa nau ako ʻi he ʻapiako ʻiloa ko ia ko e Académie Julian ʻi Pālesí. Hangē ko e kau faifekaú kotoa, naʻa nau falala ki he tataki ʻa e ʻEikí pea naʻa nau ongoʻi ʻa Hono laumālié ʻi heʻenau ngāué. Naʻe tohi ʻe Sione Heifeni, “ʻOku ʻi ai ʻeku fakamoʻoni ʻe fakaʻatā ʻe he ʻEikí ke u ikunaʻi ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē ʻoku fiemaʻú ʻi he taʻu kuo vahe mai ke u nofo ai hení.”4 Fakatatau ki he mataotao ko Māʻata ʻElisapeti Peletilī mo Loueli M. Tuahemi Jr., ko e kau faifekau ʻaati ko ʻení, naʻa nau “makehe. Talu mei ai, naʻe teʻeki ke toe fai ha feinga ke toe fakahoko ʻa e meʻa ko ia naʻe aʻusiá, neongo ko e ola ʻo e feinga ko iá naʻe lava lelei ʻaupito.”5
Kau Faifekau Akó
Makehe mei hono fakapaʻanga ha niʻihi naʻe feinga ako ʻi he ʻātí, naʻe uiuiʻi ʻe he Siasí ha niʻihi ke nau ako lao, ʻenisinia, mo e fakafaitoʻo. Naʻe ʻave ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻa Hiipa Sione Lisiate ki Niu ʻIoke Siti ʻi he 1867 ke ako ʻi he Bellevue Hospital Medical College. Naʻe fakahinohinoʻi ia ke kau mālohi atu ʻi he haʻofanga Kāingalotu ʻi Niu ʻIoké pea ke ne malanga ʻaki ʻa e ongoongoleleí ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi he kalasí aí. Naʻe tali ʻe Lomēnia Pālati ʻa e ui ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ki ha kau toketā fefine fakafaitoʻo tokolahi angé. Kimuʻa pea mavahe ʻa Lomēnia ke ako fakafaitoʻo ʻi he Woman’s Medical College ʻi Filatelafia, Penisilivēnia, USA, naʻá ne maʻu ha tāpuaki meia Pilikihami ʻIongi, ʻa ia naʻá ne fokotuʻutuʻu ha tokoni fakapaʻanga maʻa Lomēnia mei he Fineʻofá.6
ʻI he ʻahó ni, ʻoku hokohoko atu hono poupouʻi ʻe he kau faifekau ngāue tokoní ʻa e Polokalama Ako ʻa e Siasí ʻi he ngaahi fatongia ko ha tokotaha mataotao fakaako mo ha kau faiako ki ha kau faiako.
Kau Faifekau Tohi Hohoko
Ko e ngāue ke fakahoko ha ngaahi ouau fakafofonga ʻi he temipalé maʻá ha ngaahi kui kuo pekiá, ʻokú ne fokotuʻu ha fiemaʻu vivili ki ha fakamatala fakatohihohoko. Naʻe fili tauʻatāina ʻe ha tokolahi ke nau fononga ki he ngaahi ʻākaiví mo e ngaahi feituʻu tupuʻanga fakafāmilí ke tānaki fakatahataha mai. Neongo naʻe tokoni ʻa e kau ngāue taʻetotongi ko ʻení ʻo ʻikai ʻi ai ha uiuiʻi fakaʻofisiale, ka naʻa nau ngāue ʻaki ha tāpuaki mei he kau taki ʻo e Siasí. Naʻe hokohoko atu ʻa e kau ngāue taʻetotongí ke nau tokoni ʻi ha ngaahi fatongia fakatohihohoko ʻo aʻu ki he 1900 tupú. Naʻe fāifai pea hoko ʻo fakaʻofisiale ʻenau ngāue tokoní. ʻI he 1979, naʻe uiuiʻi ʻe he Siasí ha kau faifekau ke nau ngāue ʻi he hetikuotá ʻi ha ngaahi tuʻunga kehekehe.7 Ko ia ai, naʻe fakanatula pē ʻi he 1981 ke uiuiʻi ha kau faifekau taimi kakato ke nau ngāue ʻi he Laipeli Tohi Hohokó. ʻI he ʻahó ni, ʻoku ngāue tokoni ʻa e kau faifekaú ʻi he meimei tafaʻaki kotoa pē ʻo e hisitōlia fakafāmilí ʻi ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní.8
Kau Faifekau Langá
ʻI he 1950, naʻe langa ʻe he Siasí ʻa e Ako Māʻolunga ko Liahoná ʻi Tonga, ka naʻe ʻikai ke maʻu ha kau ngāue langa taukei feʻunga ke fakakakato ʻa e ngāué. Naʻe “fili [ʻa e palesiteni fakamisiona ʻi Tongá] ke ui ha kau tangata Tonga kei talavou ki ha ngaahi misiona ngāue makehe.” Naʻe tokoni ʻa e kau talavou ko ʻení ke langa ʻa e ako māʻolungá, ʻo tatau tofu pē mo e ngāue atu ʻa e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi Ketilani, ʻOhaiō, mo Nāvū, ʻIlinoisí, ki hono langa ʻo e ngaahi temipalé. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo mafola ʻa e fakakaukaú ni ki he ngaahi feituʻu kehe ʻo e Pasifikí pea aʻu pē ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní. Naʻe “faitāpuekina [ʻe he polokalamá] ha ngaahi kolo lahi ʻaki ha ngaahi falelotu foʻou mo fakaʻofoʻofa, lolotonga ko iá naʻá ne ʻoatu ha ako ngāue ki ha kau talavou ʻe laungeau.”9
Naʻe fakahā ʻe ha niʻihi tokolahi ʻenau houngaʻia ʻi he faingamālie ke ngāue tokoní. Naʻe pehē ʻe Poiti Lisiatesoni, ʻa ia naʻá ne ngāue tokoni ʻi ha ngāue langa ʻi ʻOhaiō, “Kuó u fakakakato ha ngāue fakafaifekau malanga heni ʻi he U.S. pea ko [hono moʻoni ʻo] e aʻusia ko iá, ʻoku ou tuku atu ai ʻeku fakamoʻoní, ko e laumālie māfana tatau pē ʻoku maʻu ʻe he Kau Langa ʻa e Siasí mo ia ʻoku ʻi he kau ʻEletā malangá.” Naʻe hoko atu ʻa Lisiatesoni ʻo pehē, “ʻOku tatau pē [hono tākiekina ʻe] ha ngāue fakafaifekau malanga ʻa e moʻui kotoa ʻo ha ʻEletaá, mo ia ʻoku fakahoko ʻe ha ngāue fakafaifekau langá.”
Naʻe pehē ʻe ha niʻihi naʻe tokoni ʻa e polokalama langá ʻiate ia pē ke ʻomi ʻa e kakaí ki he Siasí mo fakamālohia ʻa e fakamoʻoni ʻa e kāingalotu kuo ʻosi papitaisó. Naʻe pehē ʻe Toni H. Uoafeni, “ʻOku mālie ʻete mamata ki he kakaí ʻi heʻenau lue hake ʻi he ʻaho takitaha mo ʻete fanongo ki heʻenau ngaahi leá. ʻOku nau tokanga mai pea nau tuʻu ʻo ʻeke ha ngaahi fehuʻi, pea ʻoku mau maʻu leva homau faingamālie ke talanoa kiate kinautolu fekauʻaki mo e ongoongoleleí, pea vahevahe ʻemau ngaahi fakamoʻoní mo kinautolu.” Naʻe maʻu ʻe Sēmisi mo Lute Mosi ʻa ia naʻá na ngāue tokoni ʻi ʻIngilani, ha ngaahi fakakaukau tatau. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe Mosi, “Naʻá ma fakatokangaʻi ha liliu lahi naʻe hoko ki he ʻulungaanga ʻo e kau mēmipa māmālohí ʻo kau ki he Siasí, ʻi he taimi naʻe kamata [langa] ai ʻa e ngaahi falelotu foʻoú.” “Naʻe hangē naʻa nau polepole ʻaki hono ʻomi ʻa e kakaí ke nau mamata ki he meʻa ʻoku fakahoko ʻe he [kau mēmipa ʻo e Siasí] pea ʻi he hili ha taimi nounou, ʻoku nau kau mai ʻiate kinautolu pē ʻo ngāue, pea ko e tokolahi tahá, ʻoku lava leva ke toe fakamālohia kinautolu ki he ngaahi fatongia ʻi he Siasí.”10
ʻI he ʻaho ní, ʻoku kei hokohoko atu pē hono poupouʻi ʻe he kau faifekaú ʻa e monomono ʻo e falé ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní ʻi ha ngaahi founga kehekehe ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he ngaahi fiemaʻu fakalotofonuá.
Kau Faifekau Uelofeá
Kuo ngāue ha niʻihi fakafoʻituitui mo ha ngaahi hoa mali tokolahi ʻi ha ngaahi misiona uelofea fakavahaʻapuleʻanga mo fakalotofonua fakatouʻosi. Naʻe tupulaki ʻa e kehekehe mo e lahi ʻo ʻenau ngāue tokoní ʻo ope atu fakatouʻosi ki he māmaní mo e ngaahi fiemaʻu kehekehe ʻa e tangatá. ʻI heʻenau fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi ngāue ko ʻení kau ai ʻa e fakahinohino mo e tokoni ki hono maluʻi ʻo e meʻakaí, tokoni fakafaitoʻó, tuituí, ngaahi ngāue ki he vai maʻá, mo e laukongá ke tokoni ki he faingataʻaʻia fakaesinó, kuo muimui ai ʻa e kau faifekau uelofeá ki he sīpinga ʻa e Fakamoʻuí ke tokangaʻi ʻa kinautolu ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá. ʻOku hā mei heʻenau lipōtí ʻa e tafaʻaki fakalaumālie ʻo e ngāue tokoni fakatuʻasino ko ʻení. Naʻe faitoʻo ʻe Sisitā Koni Polivi mo hono hoa ngāue fakafaifekaú, ʻa ia ko ha ongo neesi ʻokú na lolotonga ngāue fakafaifekau ʻi Palakuei, ha kiʻi valevale naʻe puke ʻi ha mahaki kili kovi ʻaupito. Naʻá ne lipooti ʻo pehē, “Naʻá ku ongoʻi moʻoni ʻa e hifo mai ʻa e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní kiate aú peá u ʻiloʻi naʻe ʻikai ke u toe ngāue ʻi he malumalu ʻo ʻeku fakahinohinó, ka naʻá ku hoko ʻaupito ko ha meʻangāue moʻoni ʻi he toʻukupu ʻo e ʻEikí ke fai ha ngāue Maʻana ʻi he māmaní.” Naʻe fakaakeake ʻa e pēpē valevalé, pea ko e fāmilí—naʻa nau hoko ko ha “niʻihi kuo hē mo tailiili” kimuʻá—naʻe hā mai meiate kinautolu ʻa e “mālohi mo e maama ʻo Kalaisí ʻi honau ngaahi fofongá.”11 ʻI he ʻahó ni, kuo laka hake ʻi he kau faifekau ʻe toko 11,000 kuo nau tokangaekina ha niʻihi faingataʻaʻia ʻi ha ngaahi fonua ʻe 188.12
Ko e Ngāue Taʻetūkua ʻa e ʻEikí
ʻI he ʻahó ni, ʻoku hokohoko atu ʻa e kau faifekau ngāue tokoní ʻi hono fakahoko ʻa e ngāue ʻa e ʻEikí ʻi ha ngaahi founga kehekehe. ʻE lava ke kau ʻi he ngaahi faingamālie ko iá ʻa hono poupouʻi ʻo e ngaahi fiemaʻu fakauelofeá, tokoni ki he fakafoʻituituí mo e ngaahi fāmili ʻi honau koló, tokoni ki he ngaahi polokalama mo e ngaahi ngāue fakalotofonua ʻa e Siasí, tokangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi naunau fakatuʻasinó, tokoni ʻi he ngaahi fetuʻutakí, faʻu ha ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻe he niʻihi kehé, fakahokohoko fakamotuʻalea mo fakahoko ʻa e ngāue hisitōlia fakafāmilí, fengāueʻaki mo ha ngaahi kautaha tokoni ʻofa, pea mo ha ngaahi meʻa lahi ange. ʻI he taimi lahi, ʻe lava pē ke ngāue ʻa e kau faifekau ko ʻení ʻi ha ngaahi ngāue kehekehe kuo vahe ange lolotonga ʻenau taimi ngāue fakafaifekaú, ʻi heʻenau kau atu ki he ngāue ʻa e ʻEikí.
ʻOku tuʻu fakataha ʻa e tokoni ʻa e ngaahi toʻu tangata faifekau ngāue tokoní pea mo e ngāue ʻa e kau faifekau malangá ʻi hono langa ʻo e Siasí mo e puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá. ʻOku fetokoniʻaki mo fevahevaheʻaki ʻena ngaahi ngāué ki hono hiki hake mo faitāpuekina ʻa e fānau ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi he ngaahi tapa kotoa pē ʻo ʻenau moʻuí. ʻOku maʻu ʻe he kau faifekaú ʻa e ngaahi tāpuaki potupotutatau koeʻuhí ko ʻenau mateakiʻi ʻa e ngāue pē ʻe taha: ko e tokoni ki he ʻEiki ko Sīsū Kalaisí ʻi he ngāue ʻo e fakamoʻuí mo e hākeakiʻí ʻi Heʻene “fakahoko ʻa e moʻui taʻe-faʻa-mate mo e moʻui taʻengata ʻa e tangatá” (Mōsese 1:39).