Ko Ha ʻAmanaki ʻoku Mālohi Haohaoa
Koeʻuhí ne fakapapauʻi ʻe hono Fakafoki Mai ʻo e Ongoongoleleí e tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻoku ngāue e ʻOtuá ʻi he māmaní, ʻe lava ke tau ʻamanaki lelei, pea ʻoku totonu ke tau ʻamanaki lelei, naʻa mo e taimi ʻoku tau fehangahangai ai mo e faingataʻa hulutuʻá.
ʻI ʻOkatopa kuo ʻosí, ne fakaafeʻi kimautolu ʻe Palesiteni Lāsolo M. Nalesoni ke mau takitaha teuteu ki he konifelenisi ko ʻeni ʻo ʻEpeleli 2020 ʻi he takitaha founga pē ʻamautolu ʻo vakai ki he kuohilí ke mau mamata ai ki he ivi tākiekina fakaʻeiʻeiki ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi hono fakafoki mai ʻo e ongoongolelei ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí. Ne u tali fakamātoato mo Sisitā Hōlani ʻa e fakaafe fakaepalōfita ko iá. Ne ma fakakaukauloto ʻokú ma moʻui ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e ngaahi taʻu 1800 tupú, ʻo mamata ki he ngaahi tui fakalotu ʻo e kuonga ko iá. ʻI he fakakaukauloto ko iá, ne ma fehuʻi pē kiate kimaua, “Ko e hā e meʻa ʻoku puli mei hení? Ko e hā e meʻa ʻokú ma fakaʻamua ne ma maʻú? Ko e hā e meʻa ʻokú ma ʻamanaki ʻe tokonaki ʻe he ʻOtuá ko ha tali ia ki heʻema fakaʻānaua fakalaumālié?”
Ko ha meʻa ʻe taha, ne ma fakatokangaʻi ʻi he senituli ʻe ua kuo hilí ne ma mei ʻamanaki moʻoni ki hano fakafoki mai ha fakakaukau ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻoku moʻoni ange ʻi he ngaahi fakakaukau lahi ʻi he kuonga ko iá, [ko ha fakakaukau kuo] laui senituli hono fufuuʻi, ʻo hangē pē ko Iá, ʻi he fehalākí mo e fetaʻemahinoʻakí. Ke toʻo mai ha kupuʻi lea meia Viliami ʻElelī Saningi, ko ha tokotaha lotu tuʻukimuʻa ʻo e kuonga ko iá, ne ma mei fekumi ki he “tupuʻanga ʻo e ʻulungaanga ʻa e ʻOtuá,” ʻa ia naʻe pehē ʻe Saningi “ko e ʻuluaki tokāteline maʻongoʻonga ʻo e tui Faka-Kalisitiané.”1 Ko e faʻahinga tokāteline ia naʻá ne mei fakahaaʻi ʻa e ʻOtuá ko ha Tamai ʻi Hēvani ʻofa, kae ʻikai ko ha fakamaau fakamamahi ʻokú Ne fakahoko fefeka ʻa e fakamaau totonú pe ko ha tokotaha maʻu-ʻapi taʻetokanga naʻá ne faʻa tataki ʻa e māmaní ka kuó ne femouʻekina ʻi ha feituʻu kehe ʻi he ʻunivēsí.
ʻIo, ko ʻema ʻamanaki ʻi he 1820 ke fekumi ki he folofola mo e fakahinohino ʻa e ʻOtuá, ʻokú Ne fefolofolai mo tataki taʻuʻatāina ʻi he lolotongá ni ʻo tatau pē mo ia naʻá Ne fakahoko ʻi he kuohilí, ko ha Tamai moʻoni ʻi he ongoʻi ʻofa ʻo e foʻi lea ko iá. Ko e moʻoni he ʻikai ko ha pule taʻeʻofa mo fakaaoao Ia kuó Ne tomuʻa fili ha niʻihi tokosiʻi pē ke fakamoʻui pea tuku leva ʻa e toenga ʻo e fāmili ʻa e tangatá ke malaʻia. ʻIkai, ʻe hoko Ia ko e taha te Ne fai ʻa e ngāue kotoa pē, ʻaki ʻa e tala fakalangi, ke “ʻaonga ia ki he kakai ʻo e māmaní; he ʻokú ne ʻofa ki he māmaní”2 mo e meʻa moʻui kotoa pē ʻi aí. Ko e ʻofa ko iá ko ʻEne ʻuhinga aofangatuku ia ki hono fekauʻi mai ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi, ko Hono ʻAlo Pē Taha Naʻe Fakatupú, ki he māmaní.3
ʻI he lea kau kia Sīsuú, kapau naʻá ma moʻui ʻi he ngaahi ʻuluaki taʻu ʻo e senituli 19, naʻá ma mei fakatokangaʻi ʻi he loto-hohaʻa lahi ʻa e kamata ke hoko e ngaahi veiveiua fekauʻaki mo e moʻoni ʻo e moʻui ʻa e Fakamoʻuí mo e Toetuʻú ke ne maʻu ha ivi tākiekina mālohi ʻi he ngaahi puleʻanga faka-Kalisitiané. Ko ia ai, naʻá ma mei ʻamanaki ki ha fakamoʻoni ke hoko mai ki he māmaní kotoa ke ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e fakamoʻoni fakatohitapu ko Sīsū ʻa e Kalaisí, ko e ʻAlo moʻoni ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻĀlifá mo e ʻŌmeká, pea ko e Fakamoʻui pē ʻe taha ʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe he māmaní. Naʻe mei kau ʻi heʻema ngaahi ʻamanaki leleí ke ʻomi mo ha fakamoʻoni fakafolofola kehe, ko ha meʻa ʻe lava ke ne hoko ko ha toe fakamoʻoni ʻe taha ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi, ke fakalahi mo fakatupulaki ai ʻema ʻilo ki he mana ʻo Hono ʻaloʻí, ngāue fakafaifekau fakaofó, feilaulau fakaleleí, mo e Toetuʻu nāunauʻiá. Ko e moʻoni ko e faʻahinga tohi peheé te ne “fekau hifo ʻa e māʻoniʻoní mei he langí; pea ʻohake ʻa e moʻoní mei he kelekelé.”4
ʻI hono vakaiʻi e tuʻunga ʻo e kau Kalisitiané ʻi he kuonga ko iá, naʻá ma mei ʻamanaki ke maʻu ha taha naʻe fakamafaiʻi ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻaki ʻa e mafai totonu ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí ke ne papitaiso kimaua, foaki e meʻafoaki ʻo e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní, mo tokangaʻi ʻa e ngaahi ouau kotoa ʻo e ongoongoleleí ʻoku fie maʻu ki he hākeakiʻí. ʻI he 1820, naʻá ma mei ʻamanaki ke mamata ki hono fakakakato e ngaahi talaʻofa mālie ʻa ʻĪsaia, Maika, mo e kau palōfita fakakuongamuʻa kehé fekauʻaki mo e fakafoki mai ʻa e fale fakaʻeiʻeiki ʻo e ʻEikí.5 Naʻá ma mei fiefia ke mamata ki hono toe fokotuʻu ʻa e nāunau ʻo e ngaahi temipale māʻoniʻoní, ʻaki ʻa e Laumālie, ngaahi ouau, mālohi, pea mo e mafai ke akoʻi e ngaahi moʻoni taʻengatá, fakamoʻui e ngaahi kafo fakatāutahá, pea haʻi fakataha ʻa e ngaahi fāmilí ke taʻengata. Ne u mei fekumi ʻi ha feituʻu pē mo e feituʻu kotoa pē ke maʻu ha taha kuo fakamafaiʻi ke lea kiate au mo ʻeku Petilisa ʻofeiná ko ʻema mali ʻi he feituʻu peheé naʻe silaʻi ia ki he nofo taimí mo e kotoa ʻo e nofo taʻengatá, pea ʻikai ʻaupito ke ma fanongo pe hilifaki kiate kimaua ʻa e talatuki fakamamahi ko e “kae ʻoua kuo fakamāvae kimoua ʻe he maté.” ʻOku ou ʻilo “ʻi he fale ʻo [ʻetau] Tamaí ʻoku ai ʻa e ngaahi nofoʻanga ʻoku lahi,”6 ka, ʻi heʻeku fakakaukaú, kapau te u monūʻia ke maʻu hanau taha, ʻe hangē pē ia kiate au ha kiʻi fale kuo popó kapau he ʻikai kau fakataha mo au ʻa Peti mo ʻema fānaú ʻi he vahevahe ʻo e tofiʻa ko iá. Pea ko ʻema ngaahi kuí, ʻa e niʻihi ne nau moʻui pea nau pekia he kuonga muʻá taʻe te nau teitei fanongo ki he huafa ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí, naʻá ma mei ʻamanaki ki he ngaahi fakakaukau fakafolofola totonu mo angaʻofa taha ko iá ke fakafoki mai—ʻa e fakahoko ʻe he kakai moʻuí ʻa e ngaahi ouau fakamoʻuí maʻa honau kāinga kuo pekiá.7 ʻOku ʻikai ha toe ngāue te u lava ʻo fakakaukauloto ki ai te ne fakatātaaʻi lāngilangiʻia ange ʻa e tokanga ʻa ha ʻOtua ʻofa ki he tokotaha kotoa pē ʻo ʻEne fānau ʻi he māmaní ʻo tatau ai pē pe ne nau moʻui ʻanefē pe ko e fē feituʻu ne nau pekia aí.
ʻE lava ke kei hokohoko atu pē ʻema lisi ki he ngaahi ʻamanaki ʻi he 1820, kae mahalo ko e pōpoaki mahuʻinga taha ʻo hono Fakafoki Mai ʻo e ongoongoleleí ko e faʻahinga ʻamanaki peheé he ʻikai taʻeʻaonga ia. Ne kamata ʻi he Vaoʻakau Tapú pea hokohoko mai ʻo aʻu ki he ʻahó ni, naʻe kamata ke hoko ʻo moʻoni e ngaahi fakaʻānaua ko ʻení pea naʻe hoko, ʻo hangē ko e meʻa ne akoʻi ʻe he ʻAposetolo ko Paulá mo e niʻihi kehé, ko e ngaahi taula moʻoni ki he laumālié, ʻoku mālohi mo tuʻu maʻu.8 Ko e meʻa ko ia ne ʻamanaki pē ki aí kuo hoko ia he taimí ni ko e hisitōlia.
Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni te tau lava ai ʻo sioloto ki mui ki he taʻu ʻe 200 ʻo e angalelei ʻa e ʻOtuá ki he māmaní. Ka ko e hā ʻoku tau ʻamanaki ʻe hoko ʻi he kahaʻú? ʻOku kei ʻi ai pē ʻetau ngaahi ʻamanaki kuo teʻeki ke fakakakato. Lolotonga ʻetau pōtalanoa ko ʻení, ʻoku tau “ala nima kotoa” ke tokoni ʻi hono tauʻi ʻo e COVID-19, ko ha fakamanatu molumalu ʻe malava ʻe ha vailasi ʻoku fuʻu siʻisiʻi ange ʻi he foʻi ʻoneʻoné9 ke ne peluki e tui ʻa e kakai kotoa pē mo e tuʻunga fakaʻekonōmika ʻa e māmaní. ʻOku mau lotua e niʻihi kuo siʻi mole atu honau ngaahi ʻofaʻangá ʻi he mahaki fakaʻauha ko ʻení, kae pehē kiate kinautolu ʻoku lolotonga puke aí pe ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻe uesia ai kinautolú. ʻOku mau lotua moʻoni ʻe niʻihi ʻoku nau fai ha tokangaekina fakafaitoʻo kāfakafá. ʻI heʻetau ikunaʻi ʻení—pea kuo pau ke tau ikuna—fakatauange te tau tukupā ke potupotutatau ʻetau fakatauʻatāinaʻi ʻa e māmaní mei he vailasi ʻo e fiekaiá, fakatauʻatāinaʻi ʻa e kakaí mo e ngaahi puleʻangá mei he vailasi ʻo e nofo masivá. Fakatauange te tau ʻamanaki ki ha ngaahi ʻapiako ʻe akoʻi ai ʻa e fānau akó—kae ʻikai manavahē naʻa fanaʻi kinautolu—pea ki ha meʻaʻofa ʻo e ngeia fakataautaha maʻá e fānau kotoa ʻa e ʻOtuá, ʻo ʻikai uesia ʻe ha faʻahinga tuʻunga ʻo e tāufehiʻa fakamatakalí, fakahaʻá pe tui fakalotú. ʻOku kātoi kotoa heni ʻa ʻetau ʻamanaki taʻeufi ki ha līʻoa maʻongoʻonga ange ki he ongo fekau lalahi taha ʻe uá: ke ʻofa ki he ʻOtuá ʻaki hono tauhi ʻEne ngaahi akonakí pea ke ʻofa ki hotau kaungāʻapí ʻaki hono fakahaaʻi ʻa e angaʻofá mo e manavaʻofá, faʻa kātakí mo e fakamolemolé.10 Ko e ongo fakahinohino fakalangi ko ʻení ʻoku kei hoko pē—pea ʻe pehē ai pē ʻo taʻengata—ko e ʻamanakiʻanga moʻoni pē ia ʻoku tau maʻu ki hono foaki ki heʻetau fānaú ha māmani ʻoku lelei ange ʻi he māmani ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi he taimi ní.11
Makehe mei hono maʻu ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻānaua fakaemāmani lahi ko ʻení, ʻoku tokolahi ha kakai ʻi he haʻofangá ni he ʻahó ni ʻoku ʻi ai haʻanau ngaahi ʻamanaki vivili fakafoʻituitui: ko e ʻamanaki ke fakaleleiʻi ha nofomali, pe taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e ʻamanaki pē ke mali; ʻamanaki ke ʻikunaʻi ha maʻunimā; ʻamanaki ke foki mai ha fānau talangataʻa; ʻamanaki ke taʻofi ha mamahi fakaesino mo fakaeloto lahi fau. Koeʻuhí ne fakapapauʻi ʻe hono Fakafoki Mai ʻo e Ongoongoleleí e tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻoku ngāue e ʻOtuá ʻi he māmaní, ʻe lava ke tau ʻamanaki lelei, pea ʻoku totonu ke tau ʻamanaki lelei, naʻa mo e taimi ʻoku tau fehangahangai ai mo e faingataʻa hulutuʻá. Ko e meʻa ia naʻe ʻuhinga ki ai ʻa e folofolá ʻi he taimi naʻe ʻamanaki lelei ai ʻa ʻĒpalahamé ka kuo ʻikai ha tuʻunga ʻo ʻene ʻamanakí12—ʻa ia naʻe malava ke ne tui neongo e ʻuhinga kotoa ke ʻoua naʻa tuí—te ne lava mo Sela ke maʻu ha tamasiʻi ʻi he taimi naʻe hangē ai ka taʻe-malavá. Ko ia, ko ʻeku fehuʻí, “Kapau naʻe kamata ke fakahoko ʻa e konga lahi ʻo ʻema ngaahi ʻamanaki ʻi he 1820 ʻaki ha malama ʻo ha maama fakalangi ki ha kiʻi tamasiʻi ʻoku tūʻulutui ʻi ha vaoʻakau ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo Niu ʻIoké, ko e hā hono ʻuhinga ʻoku totonu ai ke ʻoua naʻá ma ʻamanaki ʻe kei lava pē ke tali lelei mo fakaofo ʻe he ʻOtua ʻo e ʻamanaki lelei kotoa peé ʻa e ngaahi holi māʻoniʻoní mo e ngaahi fakaʻānaua faka-Kalaisí?” ʻOku tau fie maʻu kotoa ke tui ko e meʻa ʻoku tau holi māʻoniʻoni ki aí ʻe ʻi ai pē ʻaho mo e founga te tau lava ke kei maʻu pē ia.
ʻE kāinga, ʻoku tau ʻilo ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi tōnounou fakalotu ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e senituli 19. ʻIkai ngata aí, ka ʻoku tau ʻilo ha meʻa fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi tōnounou fakalotu ʻo e ʻaho ní ʻokú ne kei tuku ai ke taʻe-fakakakato ʻa e vivili mo e ʻamanaki ʻa ha niʻihí. ʻOku tau ʻilo ha konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi taʻefiemālie ko iá ʻoku nau tataki ai ha niʻihi ke nau mamaʻo mei he ngaahi kautaha fakalotu angamahení. ʻOku tau ʻilo foki, ʻo hangē ko ia ne tohi ʻe ha tokotaha faʻu tohi taʻefiemālie ʻo pehē, “hangē naʻe ʻikai mahino ki he kau taki lotu tokolahi [ʻo e ʻaho ko iá]” ʻa hono fakamatalaʻi ʻa e faʻahinga hōloa ko ʻení, pea ne nau fai ha tali “ko ha fakamoʻui fakalotu ne ʻikai fakamānako, taukaveʻi ʻa e meʻa taʻeʻaongá, fakaʻalinga lelei ʻa e tokāteline halá, [pe taimi ʻe niʻihi] ko e launoa pē naʻe ʻikai fakalaumālie”13—pea naʻe hoko kotoa ia ʻi ha taimi ne fuʻu fie maʻu ai ʻe he māmaní ha meʻa ʻoku lahi angé, ko e taimi ne taau ai ke maʻu ʻe he toʻu tangata kei tupu haké ha meʻa ʻoku lahi angé, pea mo e taimi ne foaki ai ʻi he kuonga ʻo Sīsuú ha meʻa ʻoku toe lahi angé. ʻI heʻetau hoko ko e kau ākonga ʻa Kalaisí, te tau lava ʻi hotau kuongá ʻo mavahe hake mei he kau ʻIsileli naʻa nau tengihia, “Kuo mōmoa hotau huí, pea kuo mole ʻetau ʻamanakí.”14 Ko e moʻoni, kapau ʻe faifai angé pea mole ʻetau ʻamanaki leleí, ʻe mole ʻetau koloa fakaʻosi ʻokú ne poupouʻi kitautolú. Naʻe tohi ʻe Tanitī ʻi he funga matapā ʻo helí ha fakatokanga ki he kau fefonongaʻaki kotoa pē ʻi heʻene faʻu maau Divina Commedia: “Siʻaki ʻa e ʻamanaki lelei kotoa pē,” ko ʻene tohí ia, “ʻa koe ʻokú ke hū hení.”15 Ko e moʻoni ko e taimi ʻoku mole ai ʻa e ʻamanaki leleí, ko e meʻa pē ʻoku toé ko e afi ʻoku ulo kakaha ʻi he tafaʻaki kotoa pē.
Ko ia, ko e taimi ʻoku tau faingataʻaʻia moʻoni aí, pea hangē ko e fakalea ʻa e himí, “[ʻikai ha tokoni] pea ka mole hoku [fakafiemālié],”16ʻe kau ʻi hotau ngaahi ʻulungaanga lelei tahá ʻa e meʻaʻofa mahuʻinga ko ʻeni ʻo e ʻamanaki leleí ʻoku fetaiaki ʻo ʻikai ala veteki mo ʻetau tui ki he ʻOtuá pea mo ʻetau manavaʻofa ki he niʻihi kehé.
ʻI he taʻu fakamanatu ko ʻení, ko e taimi te tau toe vakai ai ki he meʻa kotoa kuo foaki maí pea fiefia ʻi heʻetau ʻiloʻi kuo fakakakato ha konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi ʻamanakí, ʻoku ou toe fakaongo atu ʻa e fakakaukau tatau ʻa ha sisitā kei talavou ne ʻosi ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa ia naʻá ne pehē mai kiate kimautolu ʻi Sohenesipeeki ʻi he ngaahi māhina siʻi pē kuohilí, “Ne ʻikai ke tau fononga lōloa maí ke tau ngata pē heni.”17
Te u toe fakalea ha taha ʻo e ngaahi lea fakamāvae fakalaumālie taha kuo lekooti ʻi he folofolá, ʻoku ou lea fakataha mo e palōfita ko Nīfaí pea mo e sisitā kei talavou ko iá:
“ʻE hoku kāinga ʻofeina, ʻo ka hili hoʻomou [maʻu ʻa e ngaahi ʻuluaki fua ko ʻeni ʻo hono Fakafoki Mai ʻo e ongoongoleleí], ʻoku ou fie fehuʻi kiate kimoutolu kuo mou fai ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē? Vakai, ʻoku ou pehē kiate kimoutolu, ʻIkai. …
“… Kuo pau ke mou vivili atu ki muʻa ʻi he tui mālohi kia Kalaisí, pea maʻu ha ʻamanaki ʻoku mālohi haohaoa, mo ha ʻofa ki he ʻOtuá mo e kakai fulipē. … Kapau te mou vilitaki atu, … ʻoku folofola ʻe he Tamaí: Te mou maʻu ʻa e moʻui taʻengatá.”18
ʻE hoku kāinga, ʻoku ou fakamālō koeʻuhí ko e meʻa kotoa pē kuo foaki maʻatautolu ʻi he kuonga fakakosipeli fakaʻosi mo maʻongoʻonga taha ko ʻení, ʻa e kuonga fakakosipeli ʻo hono fakafoki mai ʻo e ongoongolelei ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí. ʻOku mahuʻinga moʻoni kiate au e ngaahi meʻafoaki mo e ngaahi tāpuaki ʻoku tafe mei he ongoongolelei ko iá—ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē—pea ko ia ai ʻoku ou loto ke fakamālō ki heʻeku Tamai ʻi Hēvaní ʻi he ngaahi meʻá ni, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻeku “ngaahi palōmesi ke tauhi, mo ha ngaahi ngāue lahi ke fai peá u toki mālōloó, mo ha ngaahi ngāue lahi ke fai peá u toki mālōloó.”19 Fakatauange te tau vivili atu ki muʻa mo ha ʻofa ʻoku langaki ʻi hotau lotó, ʻo ʻaʻeva ʻi he “ʻamanaki ʻoku mālohí”20ʻa ia ʻokú ne fakamaama ʻa e hala ʻo e fakatuʻamelie māʻoniʻoni kuo tau foua ʻi he taʻu ʻeni ʻe 200. ʻOku ou fakamoʻoni ʻe fakafonu ʻaki e mana pea ʻe faitāpuekina lahi ʻa e kahaʻú ʻo hangē pē ko e kuohilí. ʻOku lahi fau e ngaahi ʻuhinga ke tau ʻamanaki lelei ai ki ha ngaahi tāpuaki ʻoku maʻongoʻonga ange ʻi he ngaahi tāpuaki kuo tau ʻosi maʻú koeʻuhí ko e ngāue ʻeni ʻa e ʻOtua Māfimafí, ko e Siasi ʻeni ʻo e hokohoko e maʻu fakahaá, ko e ongoongolelei ʻeni ʻo e angaʻofa taʻefakangatangata ʻa Kalaisí. ʻOku ou fakamoʻoni ki he ngaahi moʻoni kotoa ko ʻení pea mo ha toe meʻa lahi ange ʻi he huafa ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí, ʻēmeni.