Haʻu, ʻo Muimui ʻIate Au
Kikiteʻi ʻo e Taú, Faleʻi ki he Melinó
Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 87
Fai ʻe ʻEletā Matthew S. Holland
ʻO e Kau Fitungofulú
Naʻe mamata ʻa Siosefa ʻi ha fakahā ki he Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa ʻAmeliká mo ha ngaahi fakatamaki kehekehe ka naʻá ne toe maʻu foki mo ha fakahinohino fakalangi ki he founga ʻe maʻu ai e melinó.
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ʻI he ngaahi taʻu kuo hilí, ʻi he fakaʻosinga ʻo ha ʻaho mātuʻaki langaki moʻui mo fonu ʻi he fiefia ki hono fakafiefiaʻi ʻo e Kilisimasí fakataha mo hoku fāmilí, naʻe sio mai kiate au ha taha ʻo ʻeku fānaú ʻo ʻeke mai, “Ko e hā hono fuoloa pea toe hoko mai ʻa e Kilisimasí?”
Neongo ko ʻAokosi ʻeni, ka ʻoku ʻi ai hatau niʻihi tokolahi ʻi ha faʻahinga taʻu motuʻa pē, ʻe lava pē ke faingofua haʻatau fakakaukauloto mo ʻamanaki atu ki he ngaahi meʻa te tau fai mo fiefia ai ʻi he hoko mai e ʻaho 25 ko ʻeni ʻo Tīsemá.
Neongo ‘e ala hoko moʻoni ha ongosia fakaemāmani lahi mei he tuʻu fakatuʻutāmaki mai ʻa e COVID-19, ngaahi faingataʻa fakaʻekonōmiká, mo e ʻā vahevahe fakapolitikale mo fakafonuá, ka ʻoku ʻi ai e ngaahi faingamālie ki he tokolahi taha ʻo kitautolu ke tukunoaʻi e ngaahi meʻa ko iá kae kau moʻoni ki hano kātoangaʻi mo ha fakafiefia fakalaumālie ki hono ʻaloʻi ʻo hotau Fakamoʻuí. Ka ʻi hotau ngaahi ʻātakai lolotongá, ʻe lava pē ke tau tui tatau mo e fakakaukau ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻi he ʻaho 25 ʻo Tīsema, 1832.
Ne Iku ʻa e Ngaahi Hohaʻá ki he Maʻu Fakahaá
ʻI he fakaʻosinga ʻa e taʻú, naʻe hohaʻa e Palōfitá ki he fakalalahi e “ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki lahi ki he kakai kotoa ʻo e māmaní” (Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 87, ʻuluʻi vahé). Naʻe tautautefito ʻene tokangá ki he mahaki fakaemāmani lahi ko e kōlelá mo e tuʻu fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e “movete vave” ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mei he hoko ko ha fonuá. ʻI heʻene fakaleá, naʻe ʻikai ke fiemālie e siteiti ʻo Kalolaina Sauté ki he fakahinohino mo e fai tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e puleʻangá, ʻo nau “fakapaasi ha ngaahi lao, mo fakahaaʻi ʻoku tauʻatāina honau siteití pea ko ha puleʻanga mavahe.”1
ʻI he ʻaho 25 ʻo Tīsema, 1832, naʻe hoko e ngaahi fakahohaʻa ko ʻení ke ne fakaava e loto mo e ʻatamai ʻo Siosefá ki ha fakahā maʻongoʻonga moʻoni ʻa ia ʻoku ʻiloa he ʻahó ni ko e vahe 87 ʻo e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá. ʻOku tomuʻa fakamatalaʻi ʻe he fakahaá ʻa e ngaahi konga mahuʻinga ʻo e Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa ʻAmeliká ʻi ha meimei taʻu ia ʻe 30 kimuʻa pea toki hokó. Naʻá ne toe ʻomi foki ha fakahinohino mahino, mo fakalaumālie ki he ngaahi taimi fakatamaki kotoa pē.
Mata Poto pe Fakaepalōfita?
Naʻe kamata ʻaki e fakahaá ha fakatokanga: ʻOku ofi ke hoko ha tau ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ʻo kamata ʻi he “angatuʻu ʻa Kalolaina Sauté” (veesi 1). ʻI he fepaki ko ʻení ʻe “ʻmavahe atu ʻa e ngaahi Siteiti Fakatongá ke fakafili ki he ngaahi Siteiti Fakatokelaú” (veesi 3).
Kapau ko e tuʻunga ʻeni ʻo e kikité, mahalo naʻe pehē ko e matapoto pē ia ʻa Siosefa Sāmita, ka ʻoku ʻikai ko ha kikite. Naʻe ʻosi hā mai ʻi he 1832 naʻe angatuʻu ʻa Kalolaina Saute pea ʻe vave pē ke hoko ha tau.
Ka ʻoku lahi e ngaahi meʻa ia ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e kikite ko ʻení mo e ngaahi meʻa ʻe hokó.
Naʻe tala kia Siosefa:
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ʻE hoko ʻa e fepaki ko ʻení kimuʻa pea “lilingi hifo ʻa e tau ki he ngaahi puleʻanga kotoa pe” (veesi 3). Naʻe siʻi ange ʻi he taʻu ʻe 50 mei he ʻosi ʻa e Tau Fakalotofonuá, naʻe kamata leva ʻa e ʻuluaki ʻo e ongo tau lahi ʻa māmaní.
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ʻI he kotoa ʻo e ngaahi fepaki ko ʻení “ ʻa ia ʻe faifai pea iku ki he mate mo e mamahi ʻa e kakai tokolahi” (veesi 1). Aʻu ki he ʻahó ni, ne lahi ange kau ʻAmelika ne mole ʻenau moʻuí ʻi he Tau Fakalotofonuá ʻi he fakatahaʻi ʻo e ngaahi tau ʻa ʻAmeliká.2 Naʻe fakatokangaʻi tonu ʻe he Palesiteni ʻo ʻAmeliká ko ʻĒpalahame Lingikoni ʻi heʻene lea hono ua, “Naʻe ʻikai ha faʻahi naʻa nau tali ʻa e taú, ko hono mafatukituki pe lōlōa, ʻa ia kuo ʻosi aʻusiá.”3 Pea, neongo ʻa e lahi ʻo e Tau Fakalotofonuá, ka naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa naʻe hoko ʻi hono fakafehoanaki atu ki he ongo tau lahi ʻa māmaní naʻe hoko atu aí, ʻa ia ne fakatahaʻi ai ʻa e kau kafó ʻi ha feituʻu pē mei he toko 70 miliona ki he 160 miliona.4
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Pea ʻe ui atu ʻa e Fakatongá “ ʻa … Pilitānia Lahí” ke maluʻi (veesi 3), pea “hili ʻa e ngaahi ʻaho lahi, ʻe tuʻu hake ʻa e kau pōpulá ki honau ngaahi ʻeikí” pea ʻe “teuʻi … ke tau” (veesi 4). Kuo ʻosi hoko fakatouʻosi ʻa e ongo meʻá ni.5
Malava ke Manukiʻi
Hili e malona hifo ʻa e fepaki ʻi Kalolaina Saute ʻi he 1832, pea kimuʻa ke kamata e Tau Fakalotofonuá ʻi he 1861, naʻe ʻikai ke toe fai ha lau ko e “matapoto” pē ʻa Siosefa. Naʻe manukiʻi ia mo e niʻihi kehe ne nau maʻu e fakahaá.
Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā ʻOasoni Palati (1811–1881) ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá naʻá ne kamata malangaʻi ʻi hono taʻu 19 ʻi he konga ki ʻolunga ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻa e foʻi kikite ko ʻení. ʻI hono fakalūkufuá, ko ʻene akonakí naʻe tala ia “ko e tumutumu ia ʻo e laulaunoá,” pea naʻe “taukaeʻi [ia] … ke fehiʻanekinaʻi.” Naʻá ne fakatokangaʻi lelei e lau ʻa e kakai ʻo Kenisesí, ʻa ia ne tokolahi ai ha niʻihi naʻa nau tui fakapapau kapau ʻe hoko ha tau, ʻe kamata ia mei Kenisesi, ʻa ia ne faʻa hoko ai ha fetāʻaki lalahi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kau poupou ki he nofo pōpulá mo kinautolu naʻa nau fakafepakiʻi ʻa e nofo pōpulá.
Ka naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā Pālati, “Vakai pea ʻilo ange! ka hokosia hono taimi ʻo e [ngaahi meʻá ni] [ʻo hangē ko hono kikiteʻi ʻe Siosefá], ʻa ia ko hono toe fokotuʻu e faka-ʻotua ʻo e ngāué ni, pea mo maʻu mai ha toe fakamoʻoni ʻoku kau e ʻOtuá ʻi he ngāué ni, pea ʻoku fakahoko ʻa ia naʻá Ne folofola ki aí.”6
Vahe 87—ko ha fakamatala fakaikiiki, mātuʻaki tonu, ʻi ha taʻu ʻe 30 ki muʻa ʻʻi he ngaahi meʻa lalahi ʻo e Tau Fakalotofonuá mo e natula ʻo e ngaahi tau lahi ʻa māmaní (kau ai e ngaahi meʻa kehe) ʻe muimui vave mai ai—ko ha fakamoʻoni mālohi ki he natula ʻo e tataki fakalangi mo e uiuiʻi fakapalōfita ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá. Ka ʻokú ne ʻomi ha toe meʻa lahi ange ai.
Tuʻu ʻi he Ngaahi Potu Toputapú
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ʻOku ʻikai ke ngata pē ʻi he ngaahi tau te ne fakamamahiʻi e māmaní ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho kimuí, ka naʻe toe fakahā foki kia Siosefa e ngaahi honge, mahaki fakaʻauha, mofuike, mana, mo e ʻuhila mālohi ʻe mamata ki ai e “kakai ʻo e māmaní” kae ʻoua ke “fakaʻosi ʻe he fakaʻauha kuo kotofá ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga kotoa pē” (veesi 6). Naʻe ʻomi ʻe he ʻEikí ha fekau mātuʻaki mahino ʻe taha ke hao ai mei he meʻá ni hono kotoa: “Mou tuʻu ʻi he ngaahi potu toputapú, pea ʻoua ʻe hiki mei ai kae ʻoua ke hokosia ʻa e ʻaho ʻo e ʻEikí” (veesi 8).
Naʻe toki fakamatalaʻi ʻe ʻEletā Ronald A. Rasband ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá kimuí ni mai ʻo pehē: “ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau tuʻu ai ʻi he ngaahi potu toputapú—hotau ngaahi ʻapi angamāʻoniʻoní, hotau ʻū falelotu mo e temipale kuo fakatapuí—ʻoku tau ongoʻi ai ʻa e Laumālie ʻo e ʻEikí. ʻOku tau maʻu e ngaahi tali ki he ngaahi fehuʻi ʻokú ne fakahohaʻasi kitautolú pe ko e ongoʻi nonga ke tukunoaʻi pē kinautolu. Ko e taimi ia ʻoku ngāue ai e Laumālié. ʻOku fie maʻu ʻe he ngaahi potu toputapu ko ʻeni ʻi he puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻi he māmaní ke tau ʻapasia, fakaʻapaʻapa ki he niʻihi kehé, fai hotau lelei tahá ke moʻui ʻaki e ongoongoleleí, pea ʻoku fakatatafe atu leva ʻetau ongoʻi ilifiá ʻe he ʻamanaki leleí ka tau fekumi ki he mālohi fakamoʻui ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí ʻo fakafou Heʻene Fakaleleí.”7
Kae hangē ko e meʻa ʻoku fokotuʻu mai ʻe ʻEletā Lasipení, naʻa mo e ngaahi feituʻu tonu ko ʻeni ʻo e māʻoniʻoní, ʻoku mahuʻinga ange e anga ʻetau tuʻú ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku tau tuʻu aí. Kuo pau ke tau moʻui ʻaki maʻu pē mo fakatatau ki he maama kakato ʻa e ʻEiki ko Sīsū Kalaisí. Kapau te tau tuʻu maʻu mo taʻe-ueʻia ʻi hono fai iá, te tau tuʻu ʻi ha potu toputapu ʻi ha faʻahinga feituʻu fakatuʻasino pē te tau ʻi ai ʻo tatau ai pē ko e hā e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki te ne ʻākilotoa kitautolú.
Ko ha Feituʻu ʻo e Malú
ʻI he 1942 ʻi Kelisī ʻi Tekisisi, ʻi he tumutumu ʻo e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II, ne ʻalu ai ha kulupu ʻo e Kāingalotú kia Palesiteni Hāloti B. Lī (1899–1973), ʻa ia naʻe hoko he taimi ko iá ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá. Naʻa nau ʻeke ange, “ʻIkai nai ko e taimi ʻeni ke mau haʻu ai ki Saioné, … ke maluʻi ai kimautolu mei homau ngaahi filí?”
Naʻe tō mamafa ʻa e fehuʻí kia Palesiteni Lī. Hili ʻene fifili ki ai, ako, mo lotua ʻi ha ngaahi taimi, naʻá ne aofangatuku ʻaki ʻene pehē: “ʻOku ou ʻiloʻi ʻi he taimí ni ʻoku ʻikai ko e feituʻu ʻo e malú ʻi he māmaní ʻoku ʻi ha faʻahinga feituʻu pē; ʻoku ʻikai ke mahuʻinga ia pe ko fē feituʻu ʻoku tau nofo aí; ko e meʻa mahuʻinga tahá ʻa e anga ʻetau moʻuí, pea kuó u ʻiloʻi ʻoku toki lava pe ke maʻu e malu ʻi ʻIsilelí ʻi he taimi ʻoku [tau] tauhi ai e ngaahi fekaú, ʻi he taimi ʻoku [tau] moʻui ai ʻi ha faʻunga ʻe lava ke [tau] maʻu ai ʻa e takaua, fakahinohino, fakafiemālie, mo e tataki ʻa e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoni ʻo e ʻEikí, ʻi he taimi ʻoku [tau] loto ai ke fanongo ki he kau tangata ko ʻeni kuo tuku mai ʻe he ʻOtuá ke nau tokangaʻi pea hoko ko ʻEne kau tangata lea, pea mo e taimi ʻoku tau talangofua ai ki he ngaahi akonaki ʻa e Siasí.”8
Ko ha Fakahinohino ki he Melinó
ʻOku mahino mai e fakaofo ʻa e vahe 87. ʻOku totonu ke tokoni e kikite pehení ki hono langaʻi hake ʻetau tui kia Sīsū Kalaisí mo ʻEne kau tamaioʻeiki kuo filí. ʻOku tau fie maʻu lahi ange e faʻahinga tui ko iá koeʻuhi ko e fakahā ko ʻení, ko ha toe fakamanatu mahino ia kau ki he ngaahi pole ʻoku hanga mai mei muʻá.
ʻI he hokohoko atu e fanongo ʻa e māmaní ki he “ngaahi tau mo e ngaahi ongoongo ʻo e tau” (Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá 45:26) pea mo ha ngaahi fakatamaki fakanatula mo fakaetangata, pea ʻoku totonu ke tau houngaʻia ʻi he ʻaho fakafiefia ko e 25 ʻo Tīsema 1832, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe he palōfita ʻa e ʻOtuá ha fakakaukau mo ha ueʻi fakalaumālie ʻi haʻane fakafanongo mo lekooti fakalelei e ngaahi lea ʻo e fakatokangá mo e fekau ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi Tonu ki he fakahaofí. ʻI ha faʻahinga meʻaʻofa mahuʻinga faka-Kilisimasi pehē mahalo pē te tau pehē, “ʻOku ʻi heni ʻa e malú; ʻoku ʻi heni ʻa e nongá.”9