Ko e Tāpuaki ʻo e Ngāué
ʻOku ʻikai ko e fie maʻu fakapaʻangá pē ʻa e ʻuhinga ke ngāue aí; ko ha fie maʻu fakalaumālie ia. ʻI he ngaahi taimi faingataʻa fakaʻekonōkmiká ni, ko e moʻoni ʻoku hoko ʻa e fekau ko ia ke ngāué, ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi fekau kuo mateuteu ʻa e ʻEikí ke ne tokoniʻi kitautolu ke tau tauhi.
ʻOku ʻilo ʻe kinautolu kuo nau ʻalu ki tahi pe nofo ofi aí, ʻa e lava ke feliliuaki ʻa e tahí. ʻOku feliliuaki mo fengāueʻaki maʻu pē ʻa e peaú, mamaha mo e huʻa ʻa e tahí, ʻaú pea mo e matangí. ʻOku ako ʻa e kau folautahí mo e kau toutaí ke nau folaua e kaupeaú pea ke ngāue ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi matangí mo e ʻaú ke nau aʻu ki he feituʻu ko ia ʻoku nau fie ʻalu ki aí.
ʻOku feliliuaki foki mo māmani, pea ʻoku fakautuutu e vave ʻo ʻene feliliuakí. ʻOku hoko ʻa e konga ʻo e ngaahi feliliuaki ʻo hotau māmani feliliuakí, ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ngāueʻanga ʻoku feliliuakí. Meʻa mālié, ʻoku hangē ko ia ko e maʻu ʻe he kau folautahí ʻa e taukei, ngaahi siate mo ha ngaahi tokoni kehe ke ola lelei ʻenau folaú, ʻoku ʻi ai foki mo ha ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni mo ha ngaahi taukei ʻoku ala ako, ʻe lava ke tokoni kiate kitautolu ke tau folaua ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga feliliuaki fakangāué. ʻOku lava lelei ʻe kinautolu ko ia ʻoku ʻikai ngata ʻi heʻenau pōtoʻi ngāué ka ʻoku nau toe poto he kumi ngāué, ʻo folaua ʻa e ngaahi taimi feliliuakí ni.
Ko Ha Fekau mo ha Tāpuaki
Kuo ngalo ʻi he ʻahó ni ʻi ha tokolahi, ʻa hono mahuʻinga ʻo e ngāué. ʻOku ʻi ai ha niʻihi ʻoku nau maʻu hala ʻo pehē ko e taumuʻa fisifisimuʻa taha ʻo e moʻuí ke aʻu ki ha tuʻunga he ʻikai toe fie maʻu ai ke ngāue. Naʻe faʻa saiʻia ʻa Palesiteni Tēvita O. Makei (1873–1970) ke ne leaʻaki ʻo pehē, “ ʻAi muʻa ke tau ʻilo ko e faingamālie ko ia ke ngāué ko ha meʻafoaki, ko e mālohi ke ngāue ko ha tāpuaki pea ko e lavameʻá ʻa e ʻofa ko ia ʻi he ngāué.”1
ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fie maʻu fakaʻekonōmika pē ʻa e ngāué; ko ha fie maʻu fakalaumālie ia. ʻOku ngāue ʻa ʻetau Tamai Hēvaní ke tau maʻu hotau fakamoʻuí mo e hakeakiʻí (vakai, Mōsese 1:39). Pea ʻi he kamataʻangá mo ʻĀtama, naʻá Ne fekauʻi ai kitautolu ke tau ngāue. Ne aʻu pē ki he Ngoue ko ʻĪtení, ne fekauʻi ʻa ʻĀtama ke “tauhi [ngoueʻi] mo leʻo [ia]” (Sēnesi 2:15). Hili e Hingá, ne talaange kia ʻĀtama, “te ke kai ʻa e meʻakaí ʻi he kakava ʻo ho matá” (Sēnesi 3:19). Hangē ko ha toe fekau, ʻoku maʻu ʻa e fiefiá ʻi hono tauhi iá. Ko e ngāue—faitotonu pea ola leleí—ʻokú ne ʻomi ʻa e fiemālié pea mo ha ongoʻi mahuʻingaʻia ʻiate kita. ʻI heʻetau fai ʻa e meʻa kotoa ko ia te tau ala lavá ke tau falala pē kiate kitautolú, ke tokonaki maʻa ʻetau ngaahi fie maʻú mo e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa hotau fāmilí, ʻe lava ke tau tafoki ki he ʻEikí ʻi he lotofalala ʻo kole kiate ia ʻa e meʻa ʻoku tau tōnounou aí.
Ngaahi Meʻafoaki, Talēniti mo e Ngaahi Meʻa Fakamānakó
Kuo ʻomi ʻe he Tamai Hēvaní kiate kitautolu kotoa ha ngaahi talēniti mo ha ngaahi meʻafoaki ʻe lava ke ne tokoniʻi kitautolu ke tau tokonaki maʻa hotau fāmilí mo kitautolu foki. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke tau ako ke ʻiloʻi hotau ngaahi talēnití mo e ngaahi meʻafoakí—pea mo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fakamānako kiate kitautolú—he ko ha sitepu mahuʻinga ia ʻi he teuteu ki ha ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻuí. Ne ako ʻe Palesiteni Henelī B. ʻAealingi ko e Tokoni ʻUluaki ʻi he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí mei heʻene tamaí, Henelī ʻAealingi ke fili ha ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻui ko ia naʻá ne fenāpasi mo e ngaahi meʻa ne fakamanako kiate iá.
Koeʻuhí ko ʻene saiʻia he saienisí, ne fakalotolahiʻi ai ʻe Palōfesa Henelī ʻAealingi ʻa hono ngaahi fohá ke nau ako ʻo fakatefito ʻi he fīsikí (physics) ko ha teuteuʻanga ki ha ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻui ʻi he saienisí. Lolotonga ko ia e ako fīsiki ʻa Palesiteni ʻAealingi ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo ʻIutaá, naʻá ne fai ai ha fepōtalanoaʻaki mo ʻene tamaí naʻá ne liliu ʻa ʻene taumuʻa ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻuí. Naʻá ne kole ki heʻene tamaí ke tokoni ange ʻi ha fika ne fihi mo faingataʻa. ʻOku manatu ʻa Palesiteni ʻAealingi ʻo pehē, “Ne tuʻu ʻa ʻeku tamaí ʻi he veʻe palakipoe ne mau tauhi ʻi he konga ki lalo (basement) ʻo homau falé. Naʻá ne tuʻu fakafokifā, Naʻá ne pehē mai, ‘Hala, ne tau ngāue ki he faʻahinga palopalema tatau pē he uike kuo ʻosí. Hangē ʻoku ʻikai mahino ange ia he taimí ni kiate koe. Ne ʻikai koā ke ke ngāue koe ki ai?’”
Ne kiʻi ongoʻi ʻita ʻa Palesiteni ʻAealingi mo talaange ne ʻikai. ʻOku manatuʻi ʻe Palesiteni ʻAealingi ʻa e tali ʻa ʻene tamaí: “ ʻI heʻeku talaange ki ai ne ʻikaí, ne kiʻi tuʻu. Ko ha momeniti ongo mo mahuʻinga ʻeni he naʻá ku ʻilo ʻa e lahi ʻo ʻene ʻofa ʻiate aú pea mo ʻene fie maʻu ko ia ke u hoko koha tokotaha saienisí. Naʻá ne pehē mai leva, ‘Hala, ʻoku ou tui ʻoku totonu ke ke tukuange ʻa e fīsikí. ʻOku totonu ke ke kumi ha meʻa ko ia ʻokú ke saiʻia ai pea ʻi he taimi ʻoku fie maʻu ai ke ʻoua te ke toe fakakaukau ki ha meʻá, ko e meʻa pē ia ʻokú ke fakakaukauʻí.’ ”2
Ko e Ako Ngāué mo e Ako Fakaʻatamaí
ʻI he taimi kuo tau vakaiʻi ai ʻa e meʻa ʻoku fakamānako kiate kitautolú mo e meʻa ʻoku tau malavá pea ʻi heʻetau kumi faleʻi meiate kinautolu ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi mo ʻofaʻi kitautolú—kae tautautefito ki he ʻEikí—ʻoku fie maʻu ke tau fekumi ʻi he ako pea ki he taukei ʻi he malaʻe ʻo ʻetau ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻuí. Ko e ako ngāué mo e ako fakaʻatamaí ʻokú na kau ʻi he ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga ʻe lava ke fai ʻe ha taha.
Ako ke ke ʻofa ʻi he akó. Hangē ko ia ʻoku mahuʻinga ke hokohoko e fakahū ‘o ha paʻanga ki ha ʻakauni ʻi he pangikeé, ʻoku mahuʻinga foki ke ke maʻu ha ako ʻi he malaʻe kuó ke fili ke ke ngāue aí pe ko hoʻo ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻuí he koeʻuhí ke ke maʻu ʻa e taukei pea faingofua hoʻo kumi ngāué. Hangē pē ko hono siofi ʻe he kau faifolau tahí ʻa e tafaʻaki langí ke vakai ki he feliliuaki ʻa e matangí, ʻe tokoni ʻa hoʻo maʻu ʻa e ʻilo fakamuimuitaha ʻi hoʻo ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻuí ke ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga feliliuaki ʻi ho malaʻé pea fai ʻa e ngaahi liliu ko ia ʻe fie maʻú.
Ko Hono Foaki mo Tali ʻa e Tokoní
ʻOku ʻikai ke tau folau toko taha pē ʻi he tahí; ko ha konga kitautolu ʻo ha laulā folau tahi. Pea hangē ko ia ko hono maʻu ʻe he laulā folau tahí ha ngaahi vaka tokoni, ʻoku ʻi he Siasí ha kau pīsope mo ha kau palesiteni fakakolo, kau palesiteni Fineʻofa, kau palesiteni ʻo e ngaahi kōlomu, kau mataotao fakangāue mo ha niʻihi ʻoku nau mateuteu ke tokoni kiate kitautolu ke tau fakahoko e ngāué. ʻOku faʻa kau ʻi he tokoni peheé ʻa hono fakahinohinoʻi kitautolu ki he ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni mo e ako ʻoku feʻunga mo hotau tuʻunga paú—hangē ko hono tohi ʻo ha fakamatala fekauʻaki mo hoto tuʻunga fakaakó mo fakangāué, fakahoko ha kumi ngāue ʻe ola leleí pea mo ako ke tau fakafōtungaʻi lelei kitautolu ʻi he ngaahi ʻinitaviú.
Kimuʻa pea fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e foʻi lea ko ia ko e kulupu fengāueʻaki, ne faʻa fakafetongi fakamatala pē ʻa e kau folau tahí ia fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi meʻa hangē ko ha ngaahi feituʻu hakau fakatuʻutāmaki, ngaahi halanga vaka foʻou mo ha ngaahi feituʻu maʻuʻanga nāunau. ʻE talanoa ha tokotaha folau tahi ʻoku ʻamanaki ke ne folaua ha potutahi ʻoku ʻikai ke maheni mo ia ki he taha kotoa te ne maʻu ha fakamatala mo ha meʻa ne nau aʻusia ʻe ʻaonga kiate ia. ʻI he ngaahi ʻātakai fakangāue ko ia ʻo e ngaahi ʻaho ní, ʻoku mahuʻinga tatau ke tau fokotuʻu pea tauhi ʻa e fetuʻutaki ko ia mo kinautolu ʻoku ʻi ai haʻanau fakamatala mahuʻinga pe meʻa ne nau aʻusia. Ko e kamataʻanga leleí ʻa e kau taki ʻo e ngaahi uooti pe kau tauhi kolo fakalotofonuá pea mo e kāingá.
Ko Hono Akoʻi ʻo e Fānaú ke Ngāué
Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi fatongia mahuʻinga ʻo e mātuʻá, ko hono akoʻi ʻo ʻenau fānaú ke ngāue. Naʻa mo e fānau īkí, ʻe lava ke nau kamata ke aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi lelei ko ia ʻo e ngāué ʻi he taimi ʻoku nau kau atu ai ki he ngaahi ngāue fakaʻapí mo e ngāue tokoni ki he niʻihi kehé. ʻE ngāue fakataha ʻa e mātuʻa fakapotopotó mo ʻenau fānaú, faʻa fakahikihikiʻi kinautolu mo fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻikai ha ngāue te ne lomekina kinautolu.
ʻI he taimi ne kei talavou ai ʻa Palesiteni Tōmasi S. Monisoní, ne akoʻi kiate ia ʻe heʻene ongomātuʻá ʻa e tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e ngāueʻaki ʻa ʻena ngaahi faʻifaʻitakiʻangá. Ne ngāue fuoloa mo mālohi ʻa ʻene tamaí, ʻa ia ko ha tokotaha fai paaki, ʻi he ʻaho kotoa ʻo ʻene moʻuí. ʻI he taimi naʻá ne ʻi ʻapi aí, naʻe ʻikai tuku ʻa ʻene ngāué kae maʻu ha mālōlō ʻa ia ne totonu ke ne maʻú. Naʻe hokohoko atu ʻa ʻene ngāué ʻaki ʻa ʻene tokonaki maʻa hono fāmilí mo e kaungāʻapí fakatouʻosi.3 Ne ngāue maʻu pē ʻene faʻeé ke ʻoatu ha tokoni ne fie maʻu ʻe ha mēmipa ʻo e fāmilí pe ko ha kaungāmeʻa. Ne faʻa kole ange ʻe he ongomātuʻa ʻa Palesiteni Monisoní ke nau kaungā ʻalu mo kinaua pe ke fai ha tokoni maʻa kinaua ʻo lava ai ke ne ako tonu fekauʻaki mo e ngāue ko ia ke tokoniʻi ʻa e niʻihi kehé.
Ne ako ʻe Palesiteni Monisoni mei heʻene tamaí ʻa e founga ngāue ʻi he pisinisí pea kamata ngāue lau houa ʻi heʻene fuofua ngāué ʻi hono taʻu 14, ʻo ngāue ʻi he fale paaki ko ia ne pule ai ʻene tamaí. ʻOku pehē ʻe Palesiteni Monisoni ʻi he hili hono taʻu 14, kuo ʻikai lahi ha ngaahi ʻaho ʻi heʻene moʻuí—tukukehe pē ʻa e Sāpaté—ne ʻikai ngāue ai. Naʻá ne pehē, “ ʻI hoʻo ako ko ia ʻi hoʻo kei siʻí ke ngāué, te ke ʻulungāanga ʻaki ia.”4
Ngaahi Tāpuaki ʻo e Vilitakí
ʻOku hangē pē ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fekauʻaki mo e ngāué ko e ngaahi meʻa kehe kuo ui ke tau fai ʻi he moʻuí, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke tau fakalakalaka. ʻI heʻetau fai hotau lelei tahá, ʻo fekumi ki ha tataki mei he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá mo fakalangi pea falala ki heʻetau Tamai Hēvani angaʻofá, te Ne faitāpuekina ʻa e ikuʻangá.
ʻI heʻene kei talavoú, ne fie maʻu ʻe Palesiteni Tieta F. ʻUkitofa, ko e Tokoni Ua ʻi he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí, ha faʻahinga ngāue kehe mei he hoko ko ha tamasiʻi fetuku fō maʻa hono fāmilí. Naʻe ʻikai ke ne fuʻu saiʻia ʻi he kiʻi salioté, pasikala ne mamafá pe ko e ngāué; ka neongo ia, naʻá ne ngāue mālohi ke tokoni ki hono fāmilí.
ʻOkú ne fakamatala ki he meʻá ni fekauʻaki mo ha tāpuaki ne maʻu mei he ngāue faingataʻa ko iá:
“ ʻI ha ngaahi taʻu lahi kimui ange ai, ʻi he ʻamanaki ke tuʻutuʻuni mai ke u hū ki he sōtiá, ne u fakakaukau ke u tomuʻa kole hū ai ki he Laulāpuná ke u hoko ko ha pailate. Ne u saiʻia he puna vakapuná pea naʻe feʻunga kiate au ʻa e pailaté.
“Ne lahi e ngaahi sivi ne pau ke u lavaʻi ʻo kau ai mo hono siviʻi e tuʻunga ʻo e feʻunga fakasinó, kae lava ke toki tali au ki he polokalamá. Ne kiʻi hohaʻa e kau toketaá he ola ne maʻú pea ne nau toe fai ha ngaahi sivi fakafaitoʻo kehe. Naʻa nau fakahā mai, ‘ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi foʻi piki ʻi ho maʻamaʻá, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai naʻe mahakiʻia ho maʻamaʻá ʻi hoʻo kei tupu haké, ka ʻokú ke sai he taimí ni.’ Naʻe fifili e kau toketaá pe ko e hā e faitoʻo ne fai ʻo moʻui ai ʻa e mahakí. Naʻe ʻikai ke u teitei ʻiloʻi ne mahakiʻia hoku maʻamaʻá, ka naʻe taʻe ʻoua e ʻaho ne sivi ai aú. Ne toki mahino leva kiate au ne hoko ʻeku fakamālohisino maʻu pē he ʻea foʻoú lolotonga ʻeku fetuku foó, ko e ʻuhinga lahi ne u moʻui ai mei he puke ko ʻení. Ka ne ʻikai ʻeku feinga mālohi ke ʻaka e fuʻu pasikala mamafá he ʻaho taki taha mo toho e saliote foó ʻi he loto hala homau koló, pehē ne ʻikai ke u mei hoko ko ha pailate vakapuna fakakautau mo hoko ki mui ange ko ha pailate ʻo e kalasi vakapuna 747. …
“Kapau pē ā ne u ʻilo he taimi ko iá ʻa e meʻa ne u toki ako ki mui angé—kapau naʻe lava pē ā ke u sio ki he ikuʻanga mei he kamataʻangá—ne u mei fakahoungaʻi lelei ange e ngaahi meʻa ko ia ne hokó pea naʻe mei faingofua ange ai ʻeku ngāué.”5
Kamata ʻo e Folaú
ʻI he ngaahi taimi faingataʻa fakaʻekonōmika ko ʻení, ʻa ia ʻoku hangē ʻoku siʻi ange ʻa e ngaahi faingamālié pea hangē ʻoku faingataʻa ʻetau tupulakí ʻi he ngāue ʻa e faingataʻá mo e ʻahiʻahí ʻoku mahuʻinga ke tau manatuʻi ʻoku ʻikai ʻomi ʻe he ʻEikí ha ngaahi fekau ki he fānau ʻa e tangatá “kae ʻikai te ne teuteu ha hala maʻanautolu ke nau lava ai ʻo fai ʻa e meʻa kuó ne fekau kiate kinautolú” (1 Nīfai 3:7). Ko e moʻoni ʻoku hoko ʻa e fekau ko ia ke ngāue ke tauhi kitautolu mo hotau fāmilí ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi fekau kuo mateuteu ʻa e ʻEikí ke ne tokoniʻi kitautolu ke tau tauhi.
ʻOku ʻi ai ha niʻihi ʻoku fakamanavahē kiate kinautolu ʻa e faingataʻá, ʻo hangē ko e faingataʻaʻia ʻa Nīfai ʻi heʻene mamata atu ki he tahí ʻi heʻene mafola atu ʻi he tafaʻaki langí. Ko ha talavou ia ʻo e toafá ne ʻamanaki ke hoko ko ha tokotaha foʻu vaka mo ha kaivai. Ko ha liliu moʻoni ia ʻo e ngāueʻanga maʻuʻanga moʻuí. Ne fekumi ʻa Nīfai ki ha fakahinohino peá ne ngāue leva (vakai, 1 Nīfai 17:8–11). ʻOku aʻu pē ki he ʻahó ni, ʻe faitāpuekina kitautolu ʻe he ʻEikí ʻi he hokohoko atu ʻetau feilaulaú mo e tokoni ʻi he puleʻangá ʻi heʻetau fononga atu ʻi he tui ʻo ʻiloʻi ʻoku ʻikai ke tau fononga tokotaha.
ʻAta mei muí mo e ngaahi fakatātaá naʻe fai ʻe Doug Fakkel; tā ʻo e ngaahi fakatātaá, fai ʻe Welden C. Andersen, tukukehe ʻo ka fakahā atu
ʻOku ʻikai fie maʻu ia ke fononga toko taha ha taha ʻi he ngaahi taimi faingataʻa fakangāue ʻo e ngaahi ʻaho ní. Makehe mei he kau taki fakalotofonua ʻo e Siasí, ʻe lava ke tokoni atu ha kau mataotao hangē ko ia ko e niʻihi ko ʻeni ʻi he Senitā Maʻuʻanga Tokoni Fakangāue ʻi Mekisikou Sití.
Hangē ko e kau folau tahi ʻoku ʻamanaki ke nau folaua ha potu tahi ʻoku ʻikai ke nau maheni ki aí, ʻe fakapotopoto mo e niʻihi ʻoku ʻamanaki ke nau hū ʻo kumi ngāué ke nau kumi faleʻi meiate kinautolu kuo muʻomuʻa ʻiate kinautolú.
Toʻohemá: tā ʻo e fakatataá, fai ʻe Matthew Reier