PŌPOAKI MEI HE KAU TAKI FAKAʻĒLIÁ
Kau Faifekau Matuʻotuʻa mo e Kau Faifekau Ngāue Tokoni Matuʻotuʻá—Ko Ha Ui ke Ngāue
ʻI he ʻaʻahi ʻa e kau Palesitenisī Fakaʻēliá ki he ngaahi uooti mo e ngaahi kolo ʻi he Pasifikí, ʻoku mau vakai ai ki he fiemaʻu lahi ʻo e kau faifekau matuʻotuʻá. He ʻikai te ke lava ʻo fakakaukauloto ki he lelei te nau fakahoko ʻi heʻenau ʻofa ʻi he kau faifekau kei talavoú mo akoʻi ʻa e kau mēmipa fakalotofonuá ʻi he ngaahi tokāteline mo e tukufakaholo ʻo Kalaisi mo Hono Siasí.
ʻOku kehekehe pea lahi fau ʻa e ngaahi faingamālie ki he kau faifekau matuʻotuʻá. “ʻOku fiemaʻu foki e kau faifekau matuʻotuʻá”1 pea ʻoku nau fakafofongaʻi e ʻEikí. ʻOku “fakalotolahiʻi kinautolu ke nau teuteu ke ngāue.”2
Naʻe akonaki ʻa Palesiteni Lāsolo M. Nalesoni ʻo pehē, “ʻOku ou fakahaaʻi ʻeku houngaʻia ki heʻetau kau faifekau matuʻotuʻá. ʻOku nau kei siʻi ʻi he laumālie, poto, pea loto-fiemālie ke ngāue . . . ʻOku loto-fiemālie ʻa e siʻi kau mēmipa ʻofeina ko ʻení ke ngāue mo fakamālohia ʻa e moʻui ʻa e niʻihi kehé. Tatau ai pē pe ʻoku ʻikai ʻiloʻi ʻe he niʻihi matuʻotuʻá ni ʻa e lea fakafonuá, ʻoku maʻongoʻonga ʻenau ngaahi lavameʻá, pea mahuʻinga mo honau laumālie ʻo e feilaulaú.”3
ʻOku ou lea kiate kinautolu ʻoku nau fakakaukauʻi pe te nau ngāue pe ʻikaí—ke hoko ko ha kau faifekau matuʻotuʻa pe kau faifekau tokoni matuʻotuʻá.
Kau Faifekau Matuʻotuʻá
ʻI he taʻu 40 pe lahi angé, kapau ʻoku ʻikai haʻanau fānau ʻoku fakafalala kiate kinautolu, ʻe lava ʻa e ngaahi hoa malí mo e houʻeiki fafine tāutahá ʻo hoko ko e kau faifekau matuʻotuʻa. ʻE lava ke ui kinautolu ke ngāue ʻi ha māhina ʻe 6 ki he 23—pe māhina ʻe 18 ʻo kapau ʻoku nau ngāue ʻi ha fonua kehe mei he fonua ʻoku nau nofo aí. ʻE lava ke ʻinitaviu ʻe he kau pīsopé pe palesiteni fakasiteikí ʻa e kau mēmipá ni ke fakapapauʻi honau tuʻunga faingamālié mo fakaafeʻi ke nau teuteu ke ngāue.4
Kuo mau fetaulaki mo ha kau faifekau matuʻotuʻa faivelenga mo mateaki ʻi heʻemau ngaahi ʻaʻahi ki he misioná. Ne u toki fetaulaki kimuí ni mo ha niʻihi ʻoku ngāue ʻi Pāpua Niu Kini mo ʻAlisi Sipilingi ʻi he Misiona Australia Adelaide. Naʻe pehē ʻe ha ongomeʻa mali:
“Ko ʻema holi māʻoniʻoní ke hoko ko ha ongo faifekau matuʻotuʻa, ka naʻá ma [fehangahangai] mo ha ngaahi faingataʻa lahi. ʻOku tau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻetau tui ki he ʻEiki ko Sīsū Kalaisí ke tataki kitautolu ʻe he Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní ʻi he sitepu kotoa pē. Neongo homa ngaahi faingataʻá, ka naʻe tāpuekina kimaua ʻaki ʻa e nonga mo e loto-falala ke laka ki muʻa. Naʻá ma lava ʻo tokonaki ha paʻanga feʻunga ki heʻema ngāue fakafaifekaú, totongi ʻosi ʻa e ngaahi moʻuá, pea fakamāʻopoʻopo homa fāmilí. ʻOku tāpuekina kimaua ke ma maʻu ha vā fetuʻutaki lelei ange ko e husepāniti mo e uaifi, pea pehē foki [mo] ʻema fānaú takitaha.”
Ne pehē ʻe ha ongomeʻa mali ʻe taha, “Ko e taha ʻeni ʻo e ngaahi fili lelei taha kuó ma fakahokó—ke hoko ko ha ongo faifekau matuʻotuʻa. Naʻá ma talanoa fekauʻaki mo e ngāue hili ʻema maʻu vāhenga mālōloó peá ma palani fakapaʻanga ki ai. ʻOkú ma fiefia ai ʻi he momeniti kotoa pē. Ko e tuʻo 2 ʻeni ʻema ngāué, pea ʻokú ma fakaʻamu ne toe vave ange ʻa e kamata ʻema ngāué ke toe fuoloa ange . . . naʻe ʻikai ke ma ʻilo ʻe fuʻu fakafiefia mo fakafiemālie ia. Naʻá ma maʻu foki ha ngaahi kaungāmeʻa taʻengata ʻi he palesiteni misioná mo hono uaifí, pea mo e ngaahi hoa mali matuʻotuʻa ʻoku mau ngāué. ʻOku tāpuekina kimaua ʻi he ngāue maʻá e ʻEikí, pea ʻokú ma ʻiloʻi ʻoku faitāpuekina ʻe he Tamai Hēvaní ʻema fānaú mo tokangaekina lelei ange kinautolu mo [homa] makapuná lolotonga ʻema ngāué.”
Ne pehē ʻe ha ongo meʻa ʻe taha, “Naʻe kamata ʻema teuteú ʻi heʻema mali kei talavoú, he naʻá ma ʻiloʻi naʻe ʻikai ke ma ngāue fakafaifekau taimi kakato ʻi heʻema kei tāutahá. Naʻá ma faingataʻaʻia fakapaʻanga, fakataautaha, fakatuʻasino, ka naʻá ma ʻiloʻi ʻi he tui ko ʻema taumuʻá ke ngāue fakafaifekau. Kuó ma ako . . . ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e moʻui fakapotopotó, ke fakapapauʻi ka hoko mai ʻa e taimí, ʻokú ma mateuteu fakapaʻanga. Kuó ma ako kapau te ma loto-fiemālie ke liʻaki ʻa e niʻihi ʻokú ma ʻofa aí ke ma ngāue fakafaifekau, te ma tāpuekina kinautolu ʻaki ha tukufakaholo te ne akoʻi mo tākiekina kinautolu ʻi he ngaahi toʻu tangata ka hoko maí.”
ʻI ha fakamafola ako ki he kau taki lakanga fakataulaʻeikí, naʻe fakahoko ai ʻe Palesiteni Kōtoni B. Hingikelī (1910–2008) ʻa e ui ko ení: Naʻá ne pehē, “ʻOku fiemaʻu maʻu pē ha kau faifekau hoa mali tokolahi ange. ʻOku nau fakahoko ha ngāue lelei ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní. ʻOku ʻikai fiemaʻu kimoutolu [kau taki] ke tali ki he ngaahi hoa malí ke nau toki fili.”5
Kau Faifekau Tokoni Matuʻotuʻá
ʻOku nofo ʻa e kau faifekau tokoni matuʻotuʻá ʻi ʻapi pea ʻoku uiuiʻi ʻe he palesiteni fakasiteikí. Ko e houʻeiki tangata mo fafine taʻu 26 pe lahi angé—ʻo tatau ai pē pe kuo nau ʻosi mali pe ngāue fakafaifekau—ʻe lava ke ui kinautolu ko e kau faifekau tokoni matuʻotuʻa. ʻE malava ke hoko ʻa e houʻeiki tangata taʻu 18 ki he 25, mo e houʻeiki fafine taʻu 19 ki he 25 ko ha kau faifekau tokoni matuʻotuʻa kapau ʻoku nau nofo ʻi ha ʻēlia ʻoku ʻikai ke fakaʻatā ai ʻa e ngāue fakafaifekau taimi kakato ʻa e kakai kei talavoú.6
ʻI Sānuali ʻo e taʻu ní, ne u ʻaʻahi ai mo hoku uaifi ko ʻĀnitá ki he Motu ʻApaiení pea mo e Tokoni Palesiteni ʻo Kilipatí mo hono uaifí. Ne mateuteu ʻaupito ʻa e kāingalotú ke talitali kinaua. Naʻe lea ʻa e Tokoni Palesitení ʻo fakahīkihikiʻi ʻa e Siasí.
Lolotonga ʻeku ʻi aí ne u fetaulaki mo ha kau uitou faifekau tokoni. Sisitā Tulia Manaloi Kaiea, (75) uitou ʻi he taʻu ʻe 12; Sisitā Tiena Kiakia, (64) uitou ʻi he taʻu ʻe 10; Sisitā Pakate Tekalika, (63) uitou ʻi he taʻu ʻe 9 pea mo Sisitā Tenepai Ioaa, (70) uitou ʻi he taʻu ʻe 10.
Ne maʻu ʻe he toko fā matuʻotuʻa ko ʻení ha tokoni fakamāhina mei he puleʻangá ko e AUD$200. Ne nau ʻalu ki he palesiteni fakasiteikí hili ia ʻenau fakakaukau te nau lava ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi lelei ʻa e paʻangá kapau te nau ngāue fakafaifekau. Naʻe vaheʻi kinautolu pea nau folau atu ki ʻApaieni, ko ha motu ʻi he faka-Tonga ʻo Talauá. Naʻa nau tokoni ʻi he ngāue fakaetauhí mo akoʻi ʻa e kalasi Teuteu ki he Temipalé ʻi he ngaahi ʻiuniti ʻi ʻApaiení. Naʻe pehē ʻe Palesiteni Meuemienikeaki, “Ko ha kau faifekau faitōnunga ʻeni ʻoku nau taki ʻi he tā sīpinga ʻi heʻenau ngāue fakafaifekaú.”
ʻI ʻEpeleli ʻo e taʻu ní, ne u maʻu ha faingamālie mo ʻĀnita ke ngāue fakaetauhi ki he kau faifekau ʻi Pāpua Niu Kiní fakataha mo Palesiteni mo Sisitā Kinikini. Ne mau kau fakataha foki ʻi he Konifelenisi ʻa e Vahefonua Likó ʻi he ʻaho Sāpate 30 ʻo ʻEpelelí, ʻa ia ne mau feʻiloaki ai mo ha kau faifekau mali ʻe 23 mo ha kau sisitā faifekau tokoni matuʻotuʻa ʻe toko 6. Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi hoa malí ko e toki taʻu taha pē ia ʻena kau ki he Siasí. ʻOku maʻu ʻe he ngaahi kolo ʻi he vahefonua Likó, ha kau faifekau mali matuʻotuʻa ʻe toko ua ki he fā pe hoa faifekau tokoni matuʻotuʻa. Neongo ʻa e fakangatangata ʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoní, ka ʻoku ʻikai fakangatangata ai ʻenau loto-holí, tuí, ʻamanaki leleí, manavaʻofá mo e ʻofá.
Hangē ko hono fakahaaʻi ʻe he kau faifekau matuʻotuʻa ko ʻeni ʻi Kilipati mo PNG, ʻi he kotoa ʻo e ngaahi fiemaʻu ke ngāué, mahalo ko e mahuʻinga tahá ke maʻu ha loto-holi ke ngāue. Kuo folofola ʻa e ʻEikí: “Ko ia, kapau ʻoku mou maʻu ʻa e ngaahi holi ke ngāue maʻá e ʻOtuá ʻoku ui ʻa kimoutolu ki he ngāué.”7
Kiate kimoutolu ʻoku mou ongoʻi ʻoku ʻikai te mou feʻunga ke ngāue fakafaifekaú, kuo ʻomai ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e fakapapau ko ʻení: “Pea ʻoku hanga ʻe he tuí, ʻamanaki leleí, manavaʻofá mo e ʻofá, mo e mata ʻoku hanga taha pē ki hono fakalāngilangiʻi ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻo fakafeʻungaʻi ia ki he ngāué.”8
Fakaafé
Tatau ai pē pe ko e fē ha feituʻu ʻoku tau nofo ai ʻi he Pasifikí, ʻoku ʻi ai ha faingamālie ngāue fakaʻofoʻofa ke hoko ko ha faifekau matuʻotuʻa pe faifekau tokoni matuʻotuʻa.
ʻOku fakaafeʻi ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī Fakaʻēliá ʻa e niʻihi matuʻotuʻá, ngaahi hoa malí pe fakafoʻituituí, ke ʻaʻahi ki hoʻomou kau takí ʻi he faʻa lotu ʻo fakahā ki ai hoʻo fie ngāué. ʻOku mau palōmesi atu ʻe faitāpuekina lahi ʻaupito hoʻo moʻuí, ho fāmilí, pea mo e kakai te ke ngāue ki aí.
ʻE faitāpuekina ʻa e niʻihi kehé ʻi hoʻo ngaahi aʻusiá, pea te ke ʻiloʻi ai ʻa e lelei ʻa e kakaí.