Okufanele ukuKhumbule

Izincwadi Zomlando kwiTestamente eliDala

Izincwadi ezibala ekaJoshuwa kuya encwadini ka-Esteri zaziwa ngokuthi “izincwadi zomlando” zeTestamente eliDala. Lokhu akuchazi ukuthi ezinye izincwadi kwiTestamente eliDala aziqukuthe okuyigugu okuphathelene nomlando. Kunalokho, izincwadi zomlando zibizwa kanjalo ngoba inhloso enkulu yababhali bazo ukukhombisa isandla sikaNkulunkulu kumlando wabantu bakwa-Israyeli. Inhloso kwakungekona ukufingqa umthetho kaMose, njengaku Levitikusi naku Duteronomi. Kwakungekona ukukhombisa indumiso noma ukulila ngendlela yenkondlo njengoba kutholakala encwadini yamaHubo kanye nasencwadini yesiLilo. Futhi kwakungekona ukuloba amagama abaprofethi, njengoba kutholakala encwadini ka-Isaya kanye nasencwadi kaHezekeli. Kunalokho, izincwadi zomlando zilandisa indaba.

Udaba Lomqondo

Njengokujwayelekile, leyo ndaba ilandwa ngombono othile—empeleni, ilandwa ngemibono ethile. Njengoba ungeke ukwazi ukubuka imbali, idwala, noma isihlahla ngezinhlangothi eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kusobala ukuthi indaba yomlando izoveza umqondo waloyomuntu noma iqembu labantu abayibhalayo. Lomqondo ubandakanye indabuko yomuntu ngokwezwe noma ngokohlanga kanye nemithetho nezinkolelo zabo zamasiko. Ukwazi lokhu kungasisiza siqonde ukuthi ababhali nabahlanganisi bezincwadi zomlando bagxila olwazini oluthile bakushiya okunye.¹ Bacabanga ngendlela abanye babengeke bacabange ngayo. Futhi bafika emaphethelweni ngenxa yaleyo mininingwane nemicabango. Ngesinye isikhathi siyayibona imiqondo engafani eBhayibhelini (ngesinye isikhathi siyibone encwadini eyodwa).² Ngesikhathi siyiqaphela kakhulu lemiqondo, yingesikhathi siziqonda kangcono izincwadi zomlando.

Umqondo owodwa ofanayo kuzo zonke izincwadi zomlando kwiTestamente eliDala wumqondo wabantwana bakwa-Israyeli, abantu baNkulunkulu besivumelwano. Ukholo lwabo kuNkulunkulu lwabasiza babona isandla Sakhe ezimpilweni zabo kanye nokungenela Kwakhe kulokho okuphathelene nezwe labo. Noma izincwadi zasemhlabeni zingajwayele ukubona izinto ngalendlela, lomqondo uyingxenye yalokho okwenza izincwadi zomlando kwiTestamente eliDala zibe yigugu kulabo abafuna ukukhulisa ukholo lwabo kuNkulunkulu.

Ingqikithi yeTestamente eliDala Elisele

Izincwadi zomlando ziqala lapho incwadi kaDuterenomi ishiya khona, ngeminyaka yabakwa-Israyeli bezuluzula ehlane isizophela. Incwadi kaJoshuwa ikhombisa abantwana bakwa-Israyeli bezilungiselela ukungena eKhanani, umhlaba wabo wesethembiso, futhi ichaza ukuthi bawunqoba kanjani. Izincwadi ezilandelayo, AbAhluleli kuya ku 2 IziKronike, zikhombisa okwehlela abakwa-Israyeli emhlabeni wesethembiso, kusukela ngesikhathi behlala kuwo kuze kube yisikhathi lapho benqotshwa khona yi-Asiriya neBabele. Izincwadi zika Ezra no Nehemiya zilanda ngokubuya kwamaqembu ambalwa edolobheni labo elikhulu, iJerusalema, emuva kweminyaka engamashumi ambalwa. Ekugcineni, incwadi ka-Esteri ilanda indaba yabakwa-Israyeli bephila ekudingisweni ngaphansi kwabaphathi basePheresiya.

Yilapho-ke kuphela khona ukulandelana kweTestamente eliDala. Abanye abafundi bokuqala beBhayibheli bayathuka ukuthola ukuthi sebeqedile ukufunda indaba yeTestamente eliDala ngaphambi kokuba bafunde okudlula uhhafu wamakhasi alo. Emuva kwa-Esteri, asitholi ulwazi oluningi ngomlando wabakwa-Israyeli. Kunalokho, izincwadi ezilandelayo—ikakhulukazi zabaphrofethi—zingena phakathi esikhathini okuthulwa ngaso izincwadi zomlando.³ Ubufundisi bukamprofethi uJeremiya, isibonelo, kwenzeka ngesikhathi sezehlakalo ezilotshwe ku 2 AmaKhosi 22–25 (nendaba efanayo itholakala ku 2 IziKronike 34–36). Ukwazi lokhu kungaba nomthelela endleleni ofunda ngayo izindaba ezingomlando nezincwadi zabaphrofethi.

Eminye imibhalo engcwele ingaba njengezingcezu zephazeli esingakwazi ukuzihlanganisa nephazeli lilonke.

Uma Kukhona Okungahlangani

Ngesikhathi ufunda iTestamente eliDala, njenganoma yimuphi umlando, kungenzeka ufunde ngabantu abenza noma abasho izinto lezi, emehlweni esimanjemanje, ezibonakala zingajwayelekile noma zikhathaza. Lokhu kumele sikulindele—ababhali beTestamente eliDala babona umhlaba ngomqondo, ohlukile kunowethu, ngezinye izindlela. Udlame, ubudlelwane ngokohlanga, kanye nezindima zabesifazane ngezinye izihloko ababhali basemandulo abazibona ngokuhlukile kunathi namuhla.

Ngakho-ke, yini okumele siyenze uma sihlangana nemibhalo engcwele ezwakala ikhathaza? Okokuqala, kungasiza ukucabanga umbhalo ngamunye ngesingqikithi esikhulu. Ungena kanjani ohlelweni lwensindiso likaNkulunkulu na? Ungena kanjani kulokho okwaziyo ngesimilo sikaBaba oseZulwini noJesu Kristu na? Ungena kanjani emaqinisweni ambuliwe kweminye imibhalo engcwele nasezimfundisweni zabaphrofethi abaphilayo na? Ungena kanjani kulokho ohletshelwa khona uMoya enhlizwyeni nasemqondweni wakho na?

Ngezinye izikhathi, umbhalo ungabonakala ungahambisani kahle nakho konke lokhu. Ngesinye isikhathi umbhalo ungaba njengocezu lwephazeli elingabonakali ngathi linayo indawo phakathi kwezinye izingcezu osuzihlanganisile. Ukuzama ukuphoqa ucezu ukuthi lungene akuyona indlela elungile. Kanti futhi nokulahla iphazeli lonke akulungile. Kunalokho, kungamele ulibeke eceleni ucezu lwephazeli okwamanje. Ngesikhathi ufunda okunye futhi uhlanganisa okunye kwiphazeli, ungakwazi ukuthi ubone kangcono ukuthi izingcezu zihlangana kanjani ndawonye.

Kungasiza futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ngaphezulu kokuvaleleka emqondweni othile, imilando yemibhalo engcwele ibuye ibe namaphutha abantu (bheka ImiBhalo yoKholo 1:8). Isibonelo, eminyakeni engamakhulu edlule “kube khona izinto eziningi ezisobala futhi eziyigugu ezikhishiwe [eBhayibhelini],” okuhlanganisa amaqiniso abalulekile ngemfundiso nezimiso (1 Nefi 13:28; bheka futhi amavesi 29, 40). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumele sizimisele ukuvuma ukuthi imiqondo yethu inomkhawulo: kuyohlezi kukhona izinto esingaziqondi ngokuphelele nemibuzo esingakakwazi ukuyiphendula.

Ukuthola okuyiGugu

Okwamanje, imibuzo engaphenduleki ayidingi ukuthi isicashisele okuyigugu lamaqiniso aphakade atholakala kwiTestamente eliDala—noma kuthiwa lawo magugu abuye acashe emhlabeni onamatshe wezinkathazo nezinqumo ezenziwe abantu abangalungile ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe okuyigugu kakhulu yizindaba nemibhalo efakaza ngothando lukaNkulunkulu—ikakhulukazi lokho okusikhomba kumnikelo kaJesu Kristu. Noma kungabukwa kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi, okuyigugu kanje kucwebezela ngokukhazimula namhlanje njengoba kwakwenza nangalezo zinsuku. Futhi ngoba lemibhalo ilanda ngabantu besivumelwano baNkulunkulu—abesilisa nabesifazane ababenobuthaka benyama kepha bethanda futhi besebenzela iNkosi—amaqiniso ayigugu agcwele ezincwadini zomlando zeTestamente eliDala.

Imithombo okuthathwe kuyo lemfundiso

1. Izindaba zomlando eziseBhayibhelini esinalo namuhla zingumsebenzi wababhali nabahlanganisi abaningi futhi abangabizwanga ngegama, ababebuye basebenze iminyaka eminingi, ngisho amakhulunyaka, emuva kwesikhathi esichazwayo. Bathembela kwimithombo yomlando eminingi futhi benza izinqumo ngokuthi bangafakani futhi bekhipheni emibhalweni yabo.

2. Isibonelo, noma u- 1–2 IziKronike ulanda ngesikhathi esicishe sifane njengo 1Samuweli31 kuze kufike ekugcineni kwa 2AmaKhosi, u- 1–2 IziKronike ugcizelela imininingwane ehlukile futhi uthula umqondo ohlukile. Akufani no- 1Samuweli–2AmaKhosi, u- 1–2 IziKronike ugxile kakhulu emBusweni waseNingizimu wamaJuda futhi ujwayele ukungaziphathi izindaba ezimayelana noSolomoni noDavide (qhathanisa, isibonelo, u-2Samuweli10–12 no 1IziKronike 19–20 no 1AmaKhosi 10–11 no 2IziKronike9). Wozani, Ngilandeleni ugcizelela ukufunda umbhalo oku 1 no 2AmaKhosi, noma kukhona ongakuthola uma uqhathanisa lowo mbhalo no 1 no 2IziKronike. Kungasiza ukwazi ukuthi umsebenzi ku 1Samuweli–2AmaKhosi kungenzeka waqala ngaphambi kokuba umbuso waseBabele unqobe uJuda futhi waze waphela ngesikhathi sokudingiswa eBabele. Umbhalo owaziwa ngokuthi u- 1–2 IziKronike, wahlanganiswa emuva kokuba amaJuda abuyele eJerusalema emuva kokudingiswa. Ngesikhathi ufunda, ungacabanga ngokuthi lezi zimo ezihlukahlukene ngabe zibe nomthelela onjani emqondweni wabahlanganisi balemibhalo ehlukahlukene.

3. Ekuqaleni kwalensiza uzothola “Okufingqiwe ngeTestamente eliDala,” okungumugqa wesikhathi okhombisa indlela ubufundisi bomphrofethi ngamunye bungena ngayo kumlando wa-Israyeli (ngendlela okutholakele ngayo iqiniso). Uzobona ukuthi izincwadi zobuphrofethi zeTestamente eliDala zitholakala ngasekugcineni kwaloyomugqa wesikhathi—ngaphambili futhi nangemuva kokuba abantwana bakwa-Israyeli benqotshwe, bedingiswe, futhi behlakazwe yizitha zabo.