Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
26 Ngaahi Nunuʻa Kovi ʻo e Taú


Vahe 26

Ngaahi Nunuʻa Kovi ʻo e Taú

ko e kāpui ʻa e langí ʻe he kau fakatō pomu Nasí

ʻI he ʻaho 24 ʻo ʻAokosi 1939, ko e ʻaho ia ʻe valu kimuʻa pea ʻohofi ʻa Pōlaní, naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ha kau faifekau ʻAmelika Noate ʻe toko 320 ʻi he Misiona Pilitānia, Falanisē, Siamane Hihifo, Siamane Hahake, mo e Sekisolovākiá ke nau fetukutuku ki Tenimaʻake, Suēteni, Noaue, pe ko e fonua Netalení—ko e fē pē fonua ofi taha naʻe ʻikai kau ki ha tafaʻakí.1 Naʻe nofo ʻa e ʻAposetolo ko Siosefa Filitingi Sāmitá, ʻa ia naʻe ʻaʻahi ki he Kāingalotu ʻi ʻIulopé ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfana ko iá mo hono uaifi ko Sesí, ʻi Tenimaʻake ke tokangaʻi e fetukutuku mei Koupeniheikeni.2

Hili hono maʻu ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni ke mavahé, naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe Nōmani Seipolo, ko ha faifekau taʻu uofulu mā tolu mei ʻAitahō naʻe ngāue ʻi he Misiona Siamane Hihifó, ke mavahe leva mei he fonuá ʻa e kau faifekau ʻAmelika Noate kotoa pē ʻi hono vahé. Naʻe ʻikai leva ke ne ʻalu hangatonu ki Netaleni ka naʻá ne fononga ki he ʻapi fakamisiona ʻi Felengifōtí.

ʻI he aʻu atu ʻa Nōmaní, naʻá ne ʻilo ai ʻene palesiteni fakamisiona ko Takilesi Utí ʻoku puke ʻi heʻene loto-hohaʻá. Ne ʻosi ʻave ʻe Palesiteni Uti ha mākoni ʻo fakahinohinoʻi e kau faifekaú kotoa ke nau fetukutuku, ka naʻe uesia e ngaahi laine fetuʻutaki ʻi Siamané. Ko Nōmani pē mo ha kau faifekau toko siʻi ne nau fakapapauʻi mai hono maʻu ʻa e pōpoakí. Pea ko e meʻa naʻe toe kovi angé, naʻe taʻofi ʻe he kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻanga ʻi Netalení ʻa e kakai ʻoku ʻikai nofo fonuá mei heʻenau hū ki he fonuá, tukukehe kapau ko ʻenau fou atu pē ai. Ne mei tukuvakā ha kau faifekau tokolahi he taimí ni ʻi Siamane hihifo mo ha ngaahi tikite lēlue taʻeʻaonga ki Netaleni pea ʻikai ha paʻanga ke fakatau ʻaki ha tikite foʻou.3

Naʻe mavahe ʻa Palesiteni Uti mo hono uaifi ko ʻEveliní ke tokangaʻi hono fetukutuku ha kulupu ʻo e kau ʻeletā ne nau ʻosi tūʻuta ki he ʻapi fakamisioná, pea naʻá na fie maʻu ha taha ke nofo ʻi Siamane ʻo kumi e toenga ʻo e kau faifekaú.

Naʻe talaange ʻe Palesiteni Uti kia Nōmani, “Ko ho ngāué ke kumi kinautolu pea fakapapauʻi ʻoku nau mavahe. Muimui kakato ki he ngaahi ongo ʻokú ke maʻú. ʻOku ʻikai ke mau ʻilo ʻa e kolo ʻe ʻi ai e kau ʻeletā ʻe toko tolungofulu mā taha ko ʻení.”4

Naʻe mavahe ʻa Nōmani mei Felengifooti kimui ange ʻi he pō ko iá ʻi ha lēlue naʻe fonu, ʻo fononga fakatokelau ʻi he veʻe Vaitafe Lainá. Naʻe ʻiate ia ha ʻū tikite ki Tenimaʻake mo ha paʻanga ki ha kau faifekau pē naʻa nau fetaulaki—ʻo kapau pē naʻá ne ʻilo e feituʻu ke maʻu ai kinautolú. Pea naʻe pau ke ne fakavavevave. Naʻe toki fanongonongo pē ʻe he puleʻanga Siamané naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he vaʻa fakakautaú ʻa e ngaahi lēlué ke fetuku ʻaki e kau sōtiá, ko ia ne vave pē ha siʻisiʻi ʻa e ʻū seá ki he kakai ʻe fononga lēlué.

ʻI he tuʻu ʻa e lēlué he kolo ko Kaloní, naʻe ongoʻi ʻe Nōmani naʻe totonu ke ne hū ki tuʻa, peá ne fakahaohao atu ki tuʻa mei he lēlué. Naʻe tokolahi ʻa e kakaí ʻi he tauʻanga lēlué, ko ia naʻá ne kaka ki ha saliote uta ke lava ʻo sio hifo ki he haʻofanga kakaí. Ka naʻe ʻikai ke ne fakatokangaʻi ʻe ia ha kau faifekau. Naʻá ne manatuʻi leva ʻa e “mapumapu ʻa e faifekaú”—ko e fasi ki he “Faitotonu Neongo ʻa e Luma,” ʻa ia naʻe ʻilo ʻe he tokotaha kotoa ʻi he misioná. Naʻe ʻikai ke talēniti hiva ʻa Nōmani, ka naʻá ne mapumapuʻi e ngaahi ʻuluaki notá ʻi he lelei taha naʻá ne lavá.5

Naʻe fakatokangaʻi leva ʻe he kakaí, pea naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo fakatokangaʻi atu ʻe Nōmani ha faifekau mo ha mēmipa Siamane fakalotofonua ʻokú na omi kiate ia. Naʻe hokohoko atu pē ʻene mapú, pea naʻe ʻilo mai ia ʻe ha kau ʻeletā tokolahi ange mo ha ongomātuʻa faifekau matuʻotuʻa. Naʻá ne fakaheka e kau faifekaú ke nau malu, peá ne heka leva ʻi ha lēlue ki ha kolo ʻe taha.

Hili ha ngaahi houa siʻi mei ai, naʻe maʻu ʻe Nōmani ha kau faifekau tokolahi ange ʻi he kolo ko ʻEmelikí. ʻI heʻene ʻoange kiate kinautolu ha paʻanga mei he palesiteni fakamisioná, naʻá ne tohoakiʻi e tokanga ʻa ha ʻōfisa polisi, ʻa ia naʻá ne fakakaukau naʻe feinga e kau faifekaú ke ʻave taʻefakalao ha paʻanga mei Siamane. Naʻe fekau ʻe he ʻōfisá ke nau ʻoange ʻenau paʻangá pea talaange ʻenau meʻa naʻe faí. ʻI he fakafisi ʻa Nōmani ke fakahoko iá, naʻe puke ia ʻe he ʻōfisá mo fakamanamanaʻi ke ʻave ia ki he kau maʻu mafai ʻo e koló.

Naʻe faʻa fanongo ʻa Nōmani ki he kau polisí, ka naʻe ʻikai ke ne fie ʻalu mo e ʻōfisá ki he koló. Naʻá ne pehē ange, “Tukuange au ka ʻikai ʻe hoko ha fuhu.”

ʻI he taimi ko iá kuo fakatahataha mai ha falukunga kakai, pea naʻe sio tailiili atu ʻa e ʻōfisá ki he kakaí. Naʻá ne tukuange ʻa Nōmani pea ʻave ia ki ha ʻōfisa fakakautau ʻi he tauʻanga lēlué ke fakamatalaʻi pe ko hai ia mo e meʻa naʻá ne faí. Naʻe fanongo ʻa e ʻōfisá ki he talanoa ʻa Nōmaní, ʻo ʻikai ke ne ʻilo ha ʻuhinga ke puke ai ia, peá ne fai foki ha tohi fakamatala ke ne ʻoange ki ha taha pē te ne taʻofi ia lolotonga ʻene ngaahi fefonongaʻakí.6

Naʻe hoko atu ʻa Nōmani, ʻo tuʻu ʻo fakasio e kau faifekaú ʻi he taimi pē naʻe fakahinohinoʻi ai ia ʻe he Laumālié. ʻI ha kolo mamaʻo ʻe taha, ne ʻikai loko ʻi ai ha taha ʻe tuʻu ʻi he tauʻanga lēlué, pea naʻe ngali maumautaimi ke kumi ha kau faifekau ai. Ka naʻe ongoʻi ʻe Nōmani naʻe fie maʻu ke ne hifo mei he lēlué, ko ia naʻá ne fakakaukau ai ke ʻalu ki he loto koló. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuó ne aʻu atu ki ha kiʻi falekai peá ne ʻilo ai ha ongo faifekau ʻoku fai ʻena inu ʻāpele ʻa ia ne fakatau ʻaki e silini maka fakaʻosi ʻi hona kató.7

Hili ha ngaahi ʻaho ʻo e fekumi ʻa Nōmaní, naʻá ne maʻu ha kau faifekau ʻe toko hongofulu mā fitu. Ke aʻu ki Tenimaʻaké, naʻe pau ke ne heka mo hono ngaahi hoá he ngaahi lēlue naʻe fetuku ai e kau sōtiá, palafuʻi e kau fakaʻuli lēlué mo fakaʻehiʻehi mei he kau polisí ʻi he kotoa ʻo ʻenau fonongá. ʻI he tūʻuta ʻa Nōmani ʻi Koupeniheikení, hili ia ha ʻaho ʻe taha mei hono ʻohofi ʻo Pōlaní, naʻe malu ʻa e faifekau ʻAmelika Noate kotoa pē ʻi he ngaahi misiona Siamané.

ʻI he ʻaho hono hokó, ʻaho 3 ʻo Sepitemá, naʻe pole tau ai ʻa Falanisē mo Pilitānia Lahi ki Siamane.8


Naʻe fanongonongo ʻe Palesiteni Hiipa J. Kalānite ʻi he konifelenisi lahi ʻo ʻOkatopa 1939 ʻo pehē, “Kuo hoko ʻa e tau fakamanavahē ne tau nofo tailiili fuoloa ki aí.” Naʻe taʻu lahi ʻa ʻene mamata loto-hohaʻa mo teteki ki hono taki ʻe Hitilā ʻa Siamane ʻi ha hala fetāʻaki mo fakatuʻutāmaki, ʻo tupu ai e moʻui mamahí mo e lingi toto ʻi he māmaní. Naʻe tau leva ʻa e ngaahi mafai ʻAkisisí, ʻa ia naʻe taki ʻe he kau Nasi Siamané, pea mo e ngaahi fonua Fakatahatahá ʻo taki ai e Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá mo Falanisē.

Naʻe talaange ʻe Palesiteni Kalānite ki he Kāingalotú, “ʻOku mamahi ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi he taú.” Te Ne tauteaʻi ʻo taʻengata ʻa kinautolu ʻoku nau fakahoko taʻeangatonu e taú.” Naʻe tapou ʻa e palōfitá ki he kau taki ʻo e māmaní, pea mo e kakai ʻi he feituʻu kotoa pē, ke nau fekumi ki ha ngaahi founga melino ki honau ngaahi faikehekehé.

Naʻá ne pehē, “ʻOku mau fakamalaʻiaʻi ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa kovi kotoa pē ʻo e taú—ʻa e holí, manumanú, mamahí, fie maʻú, mahakí, angakoví, tāufehiʻá, fakaehauá, anga fītaʻá, mo e maté.” Naʻe mamahi e palōfitá ʻi heʻene fakakaukau ki he kakai ʻe lauimiliona ne nau faingataʻaʻia mo mamahi koeʻuhí ko e fekeʻikeʻí. Ko e lauiafe ai ko e Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, pea ko e niʻihi ne nau ʻosi ʻi ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki. Naʻá ne pehē, “ʻOku mau kole fakamātoato ki he kāingalotu kotoa pē ʻo e Siasí ke nau ʻofa ʻi honau ngaahi tuongaʻané mo honau tuofāfiné, pea mo e kakai kotoa pē ʻo tatau ai pē pe ko hai kinautolu pe ko e fē ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku nau ʻi aí; ke toʻo fakaʻaufuli ʻa e tāufehiʻá mei heʻenau moʻuí, ke fakafonu ʻaki honau lotó ʻa e ʻofa faka-Kalaisí, faʻa kātakí, kātaki fuoloá, mo e faʻa fakamolemolé.”9

ʻI he ngaahi uike mo e māhina hili e konifelenisi lahí, naʻe mafasia e fakakaukau ʻa e palōfitá ʻi he fakakaukau ki he taú. Naʻá ne faitohi ki hono ʻofefine ko Lesielí ʻi Tīsema ʻo fekauʻaki mo e mole taʻeʻaonga ʻo e moʻuí. Naʻá ne tohi ʻo pehē, “ʻOku fakatupu ke mamahi ai hoku lotó. ʻOku hangē ia ʻoku taumuʻa ʻa e ʻEikí ke fakamaʻa mei he māmaní ʻa e kakai ʻoku nau fakatupu mo kamataʻi e ngaahi taú, ʻo hangē ko Hitilaá.”10

ʻI he faʻahitaʻu momoko ʻo e 1940, naʻe fononga ʻa Palesiteni Kalānite ki ʻIngikolouti, ko ha feituʻu ʻi Losi ʻEniselesi, ʻa ia naʻe nofo ʻamanaki atu ai e Kāingalotú ke fanongo meiate ia ʻi heʻenau konifelenisi fakasiteikí. ʻI heʻene aʻu atu ki he falelotú, naʻá ne ongoʻi ninimo pea faingataʻa ke ne lea. ʻI heʻene hifo mei he kaá, naʻe ngāvaivai hono ongo vaʻé, pea naʻe faingataʻa ke ne aʻu ki he matapā ʻo e falelotú. Naʻe hangē naʻe mole ʻa e ninimó ʻi he hili pē ʻene tangutu ʻi muʻa ʻi hono nofoʻangá. Ka naʻá ne kei kole pē ke fakaʻatā ia mei hono fai ʻene leá.

Hili haʻane kiʻi mohe kimui ange, naʻá ne ongoʻi mālohi feʻunga ke lea ʻi he fakataha hoʻatā ʻo e konifelenisí. ʻI heʻene tuʻu ʻi he tuʻunga malangá, naʻá ne lea ki he Kāingalotú ʻi he meimei miniti ʻe fāngofulu. Ka ʻi he pō ko iá, ʻi heʻene toutou feinga ke tuʻu haké, naʻá ne meimei tō. ʻI he pongipongi hono hokó, naʻe ongonoa hono tafaʻaki toʻohemá pea ʻikai ke ne lava ʻo hiki hono nimá pe ueʻi e louhiʻi nima he tafaʻaki ko iá. ʻI he taimi naʻá ne feinga ai ke tuʻú, naʻe mole atu ʻa e mālohi ʻi hono vaʻe toʻohemá. Ne hangē ne matolu hono ʻeleló, pea taʻemahino ʻene leá ʻi he taimi naʻe lea aí.

ʻI he tokoni ʻa hono fāmilí mo e kaungāmeʻá, naʻe ʻalu ʻa Palesiteni Kalānite ki ha falemahaki ofi mai pē, ʻa ia naʻe ʻilo ai ʻe he kau toketaá naʻá ne pā kālava.11 Naʻá ne nofo ʻi Kalefōnia ʻi he ngaahi māhina siʻi hono hokó, ʻo fakaakeake māmālie hono iví mo ʻene ngaué. Naʻe fakatokanga ange ʻene toketaá ke ne mālōlō lahi ange, toe lelei ange ʻene kaí, pea fakaʻehiʻehi mei ha faʻahinga ʻekitivitī fakaongosia. ʻI ʻEpelelí, naʻe sai feʻunga ʻa e palōfitá ke foki ki Sōleki Siti.

Naʻá ne talaange ki hono ʻofefine ko Kuleisí hili pē ha taimi nounou mei heʻene foki angé, “Kuo lelei mo fakapikopiko ʻeku fakahoko e fakahinohino ʻa e toketaá. ʻOku ʻikai ke u ʻiloʻi pe ko e hā hono fuoloa ʻeku fakahoko iá.”12


ʻI he ʻaho 28 ʻo Sune 1940, naʻe taumamaʻo e tau ʻi ʻIulopé mei he fakakaukau ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻi Sinisinati, ʻOhaioó. ʻI he efiafi ko iá, naʻe fanongo ʻa e taʻu uofulu mā taha ko Kouni Teilá ki he ngaahi fuofua nota ʻo e “Hiva Mali” ʻa Uākiná, ko e fakaʻilonga ke ne lue atu he vahaʻa sea ʻi lotomālie ʻi he falelotu ʻo e Kolo Sinisinatí. Naʻe fonu ʻa e falelotú ʻi he fāmilí mo e ngaahi kaungāmeʻa, naʻa nau fakataha kotoa mai ke fakafiefiaʻi ʻene mali kia Paula Pangí.13

Naʻe laka siʻi hake pē he taʻu ʻe tahá ʻa e fakamaʻu ʻa Kouni mo Paula ke na malí. Naʻá na loto ke na sila, kae hangē ko e ngaahi mātuʻa mali tokolahi ʻo e Siasí ne nau nofo mamaʻo mei he temipalé, naʻá na ʻuluaki fili ke mali fakapuleʻanga ʻi he falelotu ʻo e ʻapisiasí.14

ʻI he lue atu ʻa Kouni ki muʻa ʻi he lokí, naʻá ne sio ki heʻene tamaí ʻoku tangutu mo e kau fakaafé. ʻI he ngaahi mali ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, naʻe angamaheni ʻaki ke lue ʻa e ngaahi tamaí mo honau ʻofefiné. Ka koeʻuhí naʻe faingataʻaʻia ʻene tangataʻeikí ʻi he lué, naʻá ne lue pē mo hono tuongaʻane ko Militoní. Naʻe fiefia pē ʻa Kouni ʻi he ʻi ai ʻene tangataʻeikí. Naʻe palōmesi ange ʻi hono tāpuaki fakapēteliaké te na fiefia fakataha ʻi ha ʻaho ʻi he ngaahi tāpuaki ʻo e ongoongoleleí. Kuo teʻeki ai hokosia e ʻaho ko iá, ka naʻá ne ʻalu tuʻo taha ki ha houalotu sākalamēniti he Sāpate Toetuʻú, pea ko ha fakaʻilonga lelei ia.15

ʻI he aʻu atu ʻa Kouni kia Paula ʻi muʻa ʻi he falelotú, naʻe fakahoko e ouaú ʻe ʻAlavini Kiliami ko ʻena palesiteni fakakoló. Ki ha kakai tokolahi ʻi he lokí, naʻe fakaʻilongaʻi ʻe he efiafi ko iá ʻa e fakaʻosinga ʻo ha kuonga. Makehe mei he ngaahi fakataha ki he Sāpate hono hokó, ko e malí ʻa e taimi fakamuimui taha ʻe fakataha mai ai ʻa e Kolo Sinisinatí ki he kiʻi falelotu naʻa nau fakatau ʻi he taʻu ʻe hongofulu mā taha kimuʻá. Naʻe holo ʻa e fale motuʻá, ko ia naʻe toki fakatau atu ia ʻe he kolo ne tupu tokolahí pea fakatau mai ha kelekele ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo e koló ke langa ha falelotu foʻou.16

Naʻe mavahe ʻa e ongomeʻa toki mali foʻoú ʻi he hoʻatā hono hokó ki Naiakala Folo, Niu ʻIoke, ʻi he loli ʻa e tamai ʻa Paulá. Naʻá na ō mo ha kato meʻakai ʻe tolu mei he falekoloa ʻa e fāmilí, vala, pea mo ha paʻanga ʻe onongofulu nai.

Naʻe ʻaʻahi ʻa Kouni mo Paula ki he Temipale Ketilaní ʻi heʻena fonongá. Naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi he taimí ni ʻa e falé ko ha falelotu maʻá e Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui ní ne Toe Fokotuʻutuʻú. Naʻe loka e matapā ʻo e temipalé ʻi heʻena aʻu ki aí, ka naʻe fakaava e falé ʻe ha tangata naʻe ʻi ai ha kī pea tuku ke na mamataʻi ia ʻiate kinaua pē ʻi ha houa ʻe taha. Naʻá na vakaiʻi e feituʻu kotoa ʻo e temipalé, kau ai e tauá, ʻa ia naʻá na vakai atu ai ki he kiʻi kolo siʻisiʻi ne nofo ai ha Kāingalotu faivelenga ʻe laungeau ʻi he senituli ʻe taha kimuʻá.17

Naʻá na hiki mei Ketilani ki Naiakala Folo. Naʻe manakoa ʻa e koló ke ʻeveʻeva mālōlō ki ai hili e malí (honeymoon) ʻi he kauʻāfonua ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo Kānatá, ka naʻe hohaʻa e tokotaha kotoa ʻi he tau ʻi ʻIulopé. Neongo naʻe ʻikai kau ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he fekeʻikeʻí, ka naʻe kau ʻa Kānata ʻi he Kominiueli Pilitāniá pea naʻa nau pole tau ki Siamane hili hono ʻohofi ʻa Pōlaní. Kimuʻa pea lava ʻa Kouni mo Paula ʻo kolosi ki Kānatá, naʻe siviʻi fakalelei kinaua ʻe he kau ʻinisipēkita he kauʻāfonuá ke fakapapauʻi naʻe ʻikai ko ha ongo mataki kinaua.

Hili e ʻeva ʻa e ongomātuʻá ʻi Naiakala Foló, naʻá na fakaʻuli fakahahake ʻi ha kilomita ʻe teau onongofulu ki Palemaila mo Manisesitā, Niu ʻIoke.18 ʻI he ngaahi taʻu kuo maliu atú, naʻe maʻu ʻe he Siasí ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu fakahisitōlia ʻi he feituʻú, kau ai ʻa e Moʻunga ko Komolá, Vaoʻakau Tapú, mo e fale papa ʻo Lusi mo Siosefa Sāmita ko e Lahí. ʻI hono ʻiloʻi e faingamālie ngāue fakafaifekau ʻe maʻu ʻi he ngaahi feituʻú, ne kamata fakaava leva ia ʻe he Siasí ki he kau ʻaʻahí mo tuʻuaki honau mahuʻinga fakahisitōlia mo fakalaumālié ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻilonga he veʻe halá. ʻI he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1920 tupú, ʻi he malumalu ʻo e fakahinohino ʻa B. H. Lōpetí, naʻe fakahoko ha ngaahi konifelenisi fakamisiona ʻi he Moʻunga ko Komolá, pea kuo ʻosi fakahoko ia ko ha fakaʻaliʻali fakataʻu ki he kakaí.19

Lolotonga e ʻi Manisesitā ʻa Kouni mo Paulá, naʻá na nofo ʻi he pō ko iá he ʻapi ʻo e fāmili Sāmitá ki ha kiʻi totongi siʻisiʻi. Naʻá na kaka ʻi he Moʻunga ko Komolá mo fakakaukau ki he ʻū lauʻi peleti koula ne tanu fuoloa aí. Naʻe ʻi he tumuʻaki ʻo e moʻungá ha maka fakamanatu foʻou ʻo e ʻāngelo ko Molonaí, pea naʻá na kiʻi tuʻu ʻo faitaaʻi ia mo manumanumelieʻia ʻi he feituʻu fakaʻofoʻofa takatakai aí. Naʻá na lue kimui ange ʻi he Vaoʻakau Tapú, ʻo fiefia ʻi he māʻoniʻoni mo e fakaʻofoʻofa ʻo e feituʻú. Kimuʻa peá na mavahé, naʻá na tūʻulutui fakataha ʻo lotu.20

Naʻe ʻaʻahi taimi nounou e ongomeʻa mali foʻoú ki Uāsingatoni DC, ʻa ia naʻá na kau atu ai ki ha lotu ʻi ha falelotu māpele lahi naʻe fakatapui ʻe he Siasí ʻi he 1933. Naʻe tupulaki lahi ʻa e Siasí ʻi he koló talu mei he 1920, ʻi he taimi naʻe fokotuʻu ai ʻe he ʻaposetolo ko Liiti Simutí mo ha kiʻi kulupu tokosiʻi ʻo e Kāingalotú ha kolo ʻi ai. Ko hono moʻoní, kimuʻa pē ʻi he ʻaʻahi ʻa Paula mo Kouní, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he ʻaposetolo ko Lutisa Kolosoní ha siteiki ʻi Uāsingatoni, ʻo ui ʻa e taʻu fāngofulu ko ʻEselā Tafu Penisoní ke ne hoko ko e palesitení.21

Hili ha ngaahi ʻaho siʻi ʻi Uāsingatoni, naʻe foki ʻa Kouni mo Paula ki Sinisinati, ʻo na nofo ai ʻi ha fale nofo totongi momoko naʻe ʻikai mamaʻo mei he falekoloa ʻo e fāmili Pangí. Naʻá na fakaʻaongaʻi kotoa ʻena paʻangá tukukehe pē ha sēniti ʻe taha, ki heʻena ʻeveʻeva mālōlō hili e malí, ka naʻe kei maʻu ngāue pē ʻa Paula mei heʻene tamaí. Hili ʻena fakahū ha paʻanga ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu siʻi mei ai, te na lava ʻo ʻeva mamaʻo ange—ʻi he taimi ko ʻení ki Sōleki Siti mo e temipalé.22


ʻI ha pō momoko ʻi Tīsema ʻo e 1940, naʻe kāpui ʻa e langí ʻe he ngaahi drone laku pomu fakamanavahē ʻa e kau Nasí ʻi ʻolunga ʻi Selitenihemi ko ha kolo ʻi he Fakatonga Hihifo ʻo ʻIngilaní. Kuo laku pomuʻi taʻetuku ʻe he laulāpuna Siamane ko e Luftwaffe, ʻa Pilitānia Lahi ʻi ha māhina ʻe ono. Naʻe ʻuluaki nofotaha ʻa e ngaahi ʻohofí ʻi he ngaahi ʻapitanga laulāpuná, ka kuo hiki ʻa e kau laku pomú ki ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku nofoʻi ʻe he kakaí ʻi Lonitoni mo e ngaahi feituʻu mamaʻo mei aí.23 Ko ha feituʻu nonga ʻa Selitenihemi pea ʻi ai mo ha ngaahi paʻake mo e ngoue fakaʻofoʻofa. Ko e taimi ní naʻe fakamanamanaʻi ia.

Naʻe nofo ʻi he koló ʻa Neli Mitolotoni, ko ha mēmipa taʻu nimangofulu mā nima ʻo e Siasí, mo hono ʻofefine taʻu ono ko Senifaá. ʻI hono teuteu hono ʻapí ki he ngaahi ʻohofi mei he ngaahi laulāpuná, naʻá ne fakaʻaongaʻi ʻene kiʻi vahe siʻisiʻi mei he tuitui kofú ke fakanaunau ha feituʻu ʻi hono lalo falé ko ha ungaʻanga, ne fakafonu ia ʻaki ha meʻakai, vai, ʻū maama lolo, mo ha kiʻi mohenga ukamea maʻa Senifā. ʻI he muimui ki he ngaahi fakahinohino mei he puleʻangá, naʻe toe kofu foki ʻe Neli hono ngaahi matapā sioʻatá ʻaki ha neti ke taʻofi ʻaki ʻa e kongokonga sioʻata mafahi ʻe puna holo ʻi he hoko ha ʻohofí.24

ʻI he taimi ko ʻení, naʻe ongona ʻi Selitenihemi kotoa ʻa e tō ʻa e ngaahi foʻi pomú ʻi he ʻataá ʻo pā ʻi he kelekelé ʻi ha ongo longoaʻa hangē ha maná. Naʻe fakaʻau ke toe ofi ange ʻa e longoaʻa fakailifia ko ʻení ki he ʻapi ʻo Nelí ʻo aʻu ki he ngalulu hono ngaahi holisí ʻi ha pā leʻolahi ʻi ha hala ofi mai, ʻo mafahifahi ai e ngaahi matapā sioʻatá pea fonu ai e netí he sioʻata māsilá.

ʻI he pongipongí, naʻe fonu e ngaahi hala ʻo e koló ʻi he kongokonga maká. Naʻe mate ha kakai ʻe toko uofulu mā tolu mei he pomú pea naʻe laka hake ʻi he toko onongeau tupú ne ʻikai toe ʻi ai hanau ʻapi.25

Naʻe fai ʻe Neli mo e Kāingalotu kehe ʻo Selitenihemí honau lelei tahá ke kātaki hili e ʻohofí. ʻI he taimi naʻe mavahe ai ʻa Hiu B. Palauni ʻa ia naʻe hoko ko e palesiteni ʻo e Misiona Pilitāniá mo e kau faifekau ʻAmelika Noate kehé mei he fonuá ʻi ha meimei taʻu ʻe taha kimuʻá, naʻe faingataʻaʻia ʻa e kiʻi kolo tokosiʻí mo e niʻihi kehe hangē ko iá ke fakakakato ha ngaahi uiuiʻi mo fakahoko ha ngaahi polokalama ʻa e Siasí. Hili iá ne mavahe mo e kau tangata fakalotofonuá ki he taú, ʻo ʻikai ai ke toe ʻi ai ha kau maʻu lakanga fakataulaʻeiki ke tāpuakiʻi ʻa e sākalamēnití pe fakahoko totonu ʻa e pisinisi ʻa e koló. Ne ʻikai fuoloa mei ai naʻe pau ke movete ʻa e koló.

Naʻe nofo ha tangata matuʻotuʻa ange ko ʻAfa Feletā, ʻa ia naʻá ne maʻu ʻa e Lakanga Taulaʻeiki Faka-Melekisētekí, ʻi ha kilomita ʻe tolungofulu mā ua mei ai, peá ne heka ʻi heʻene pasikala ʻumeʻumeá ke ʻaʻahi ki he Kāingalotu Selitenihemí ʻi he taimi kotoa pē naʻá ne lava aí. Ka ko e taimi lahi ko Neli, ʻa e palesiteni Fineʻofa mālōlō ʻi he Kolo Selitenihemí, naʻá ne tokangaʻi e ngaahi meʻa fakalaumālie mo fakatuʻasino ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻi hono feituʻú. ʻI hono tāpuni ʻa e koló, naʻe ʻikai toe lava e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻo fakataha ʻi he holo naʻa nau totongi ʻo ngāue ʻaki ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho Sāpaté, ko ia naʻe hoko ai e loto fale ʻo Nelí ko e feituʻu ia naʻe lotu, hiva, mo ako fakataha ai ʻe he Fineʻofá ʻa e Sīsū ko e Kalaisí mo e Ngaahi Tefito ʻo e Tuí.26

Naʻe fakapapauʻi foki ʻe Neli naʻe ako ʻene tama fefiné fekauʻaki mo e ongoongoleleí. Naʻá ne meimei taʻu nimangofulu pea teʻeki mali ʻi he taimi naʻá ne ohi ai ʻa Senifaá. Ne kau fakataha he taimí ni ʻa e kiʻi taʻahiné mo e kau fefiné ʻi heʻenau fakataha ke akó, pea naʻa nau tokanga ke aleaʻi ʻa e ongoongoleleí ʻi ha founga ʻe lava ʻo mahino kia Senifā. Naʻe ʻave foki ʻe Neli mo ha kau Fineʻofa kehe ʻa Senifā ʻi heʻenau ʻaʻahi ki he mahakí pe kau toulekeleká. Naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha telefoni pe kā ʻa ha taha ʻi he koló, ko ia naʻa nau lue lalo pē ʻo ʻave ha kiʻi kulo siamu pe ko ha kiʻi foʻi keke fakataha mo ha pōpoaki.27

Ka ʻi he tō pē ʻa e laʻaá, naʻe ngata ʻa e ʻaʻahi kotoa pē. Koeʻuhí ke faingataʻa ange e sio ʻa e kau laku pomu Siamané ki heʻenau ngaahi tāketí, naʻe tuʻusi ʻe he tukui kolo mo e ngaahi kolo ʻi he Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá ʻa e ngaahi maama halá pea tamateʻi e ngaahi fakaʻilonga hala ne uló. Naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he kakaí ha tupenu lanu fakapōpōʻuli ke puipui ʻaki honau matapā sioʻatá pea toʻo e ʻuhila ʻi he hūʻanga ki honau falé.

Naʻe foki e Kāingalotu ʻi Selitenihemí ki honau ngaahi ʻapí. ʻE lava ke nau ʻi ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki mo honau kaungāʻapí ʻi ha faʻahinga maama pē ʻe tapua.28


ʻI he taʻu hono hokó, naʻe fakaʻau ke faingataʻa ange e fatongia ʻo ʻAloise Sipi ko e palesiteni ʻo e Kolo Viená. Kuo motuhi ʻe he taú ʻa e ngaahi founga fetuʻutaki angamaheni ʻa e ngaahi ʻuluʻi ʻōfisi ʻo e Siasí mo e ngaahi kolo ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻAkisisí. Naʻe ʻikai toe pulusi ʻa e Ko e Fetuʻú, ko e makasini lea faka-Siamane ʻa e misioná. Naʻe fakahoko ʻe he palesiteni fakamisiona leʻoleʻó, ko ha mēmipa Siamane ko Kalisitiane Heki, ʻa hono lelei tahá ke kei ngāue pē ʻa e Siasí lolotonga e moveuveú. Naʻe fai ʻe ʻAloise ʻa e meʻa tatau maʻa hono koló.

Neongo ne teʻeki aʻu e fakaʻauha mo e maumau fakatuʻasino ʻo e taú ki he kauʻāfonua ʻo ʻAosituliá, ka naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe ʻAloise naʻe ʻohofi ʻe he Vaʻa Laulā Puna Fakakautau ʻa Pilitāniá ʻa e ngaahi kolo ʻo Siamané. Naʻe tau foki ʻi he taimí ni e Sovieti ʻIunioní mo e Puleʻanga Hono Tolú. Hangē ko Pilitānia Lahi ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻe taha ʻo e fekeʻikeʻí, naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ʻi ʻAositulia ke mate ʻa e māmá he poʻulí ke maluʻi mei he vakapuna ʻa e filí ʻe ala puna takai ʻi ʻolunga ʻiate kinautolú.29

Ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau tangata ʻi he Kolo Viená naʻe ui kinautolu ki he kau tau Siamané ʻi he kamata ʻa e taú. Koeʻuhí ne uesia e mata ʻe taha ʻo ʻAloisé tupu mei ha mahaki ʻi he ngaahi taʻu kimuʻá, naʻe fakaʻatā ia mei he ngāue fakakautaú. Pea neongo ʻa e ngaahi faingataʻa naʻe kei hokó, ka naʻá ne monūʻia ke ʻi ai hano ongo tokoni, mo ha kau maʻu Lakanga Taulaʻeiki Faka-ʻĒlone, mo hono uaifi ko Heaminé, ke tokoni kiate ia. ʻI he hoko ʻa Heamine ko e palesiteni Fineʻofá, naʻá ne fuesia ha konga lahi ʻo e mafasia fakaeloto ʻa e houʻeiki fafine ʻi he koló, ʻa ia naʻa nau faʻa ongoʻi lōmekina, taʻelata, mo manavasiʻi—tautautefito kapau naʻa nau maʻu ha ongoongo kuo ʻave pōpula pe tāmateʻi honau ngaahi ʻofaʻangá ʻi he taú.

Ne fakalotolahiʻi kinautolu ʻe Heamine ke nau falala ki he ʻOtuá pea hoko atu, pea naʻá ne feinga ke fai e meʻa tatau.30

Naʻa mo e fakaʻau ke tokosiʻi ange ʻa e koló hili e kamata ʻa e taú, naʻe kei hoko atu pē ʻa e māvahevahe ʻi hono kāingalotú, neongo e feinga ʻa ʻAloise ke tataki e ngaahi fakatahá mei he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikalé. ʻI he kamataʻanga ʻo ha fakataha ʻa e Siasí, ne tuʻo taha hono fakahoko ʻe ha taha ʻaʻahi mei Siamane ha lotu maʻa ʻAtolofi Hitilā. Naʻe talaange ʻe ʻAloise ʻi he ʻosi ʻa e tangatá, “ʻE tokoua, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau lotua ʻa Hitilā ʻi he feituʻú ni.”

ʻI he ʻi ai ʻa e kau mēmipa ʻo e Kulupu Nasí fakataha mo e kau fie kaungāmamahi ʻi he koló, naʻe pau ke faʻa tokanga lahi ange ʻa ʻAloise ki he meʻa naʻá ne lea ʻakí. Ne lava pē ke ʻi ai ha kau talafekau mo e kau mataki ʻi ha feituʻu pē, ʻo mateuteu ke tala ia mo hono fāmilí ki he puleʻangá. Neongo naʻá ne tui mo Heamine ki hono tauhi e lao ʻo e fonuá, ka naʻe fakamamahi hono fakahoko ia he taimi ʻe niʻihi.31

Ko e ongo mēmipa ʻe ua ʻo e koló, ko ʻOlokā Vaise mo hono foha lahi ko ʻĪkoní, ko ha ongo papi ului Siu naʻe ngāue ʻi he koló he uike kotoa pē ʻi hona ngaahi talēniti hivá. Ka ʻi he taimi naʻe ʻohofi ai ʻe he kau Nasí ʻa ʻAosituliá, naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe he fāmili Vaisé naʻe pau ke nau mavahe mei he fonuá pe tuʻu fakatuʻutāmaki ke fakalaveaʻi ʻi he fokotuʻutuʻu e puleʻangá ke fakatangaʻi e kau Siú. Neongo naʻe ʻikai ke toe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he fāmilí ʻa e tui faka-Siú, ka naʻe lau kinautolu ʻe he kau Nasí ko e “hakoʻi Siu” koeʻuhí ko ʻenau ngaahi kuí.

Hili ha ngaahi māhina mei hono fakataʻeʻaongaʻi faka-Siamane ʻo ʻAosituliá, naʻe fai ʻe he fāmili Vaisé ha ngaahi tohi fakavavevave ki he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí mo e kau faifekau mālōlō ne nau ʻiló, ʻaki e ʻamanaki te nau maʻu ha taha te ne lava ʻo tokoniʻi kinautolu mo ha niʻihi ʻo honau kāingá ke nau hiki ki he ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Naʻe tohi ʻe ʻʻĪkoni ʻi heʻene tohí ʻo pehē, “ʻOku fakamamahi ʻa e ngaahi tūkunga ko ʻení kiate kitautolu kakai Siú. Kuo pau ke tau mavahe mei heni.”32

Hangē ko e kakai tokolahi ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní, naʻe maʻu ʻe Palesiteni Kalānite ha ngaahi lipooti fepakipaki fekauʻaki mo e tāufehiʻa ʻa Hitilā ki he kau Siú pea mo e lahi ʻo e fakatuʻutāmaki ne nau fehangahangai mo ia ʻi Siamané. Naʻe hanga ʻe he palōfitá ʻo fakahalaki ʻi he kakaí mo fakafoʻituitui ʻa e faʻahinga fakafili ko ʻení.33 Ka naʻe ʻikai lava ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻo tokoniʻi e fāmili Vaisé pe ko ha niʻihi fakafoʻituitui kehe ʻi ʻIulope naʻa nau ʻamanaki ke hiki mai. Ko e lao U.S. ne nau tauhí, naʻe ʻikai toe ngofua ki he ngaahi kautaha fakalotú ia ke nau poupouʻi e kau hikifonuá, pea kuo taʻu lahi hono ʻikai tali ʻe he Siasí ʻa e ngaahi kole tokoni peheé.34ʻI he fakalalahi ʻa e tau ʻi ʻIulopé, naʻe faʻa fakahaaʻi ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ʻenau loto-mamahi ʻi he ʻikai fakangofua kinautolu ʻe he puleʻanga ʻAmeliká ke nau tokoni ki he hikifonua ʻa e kau kumi hūfangá. ʻI he taimi naʻe maʻu ai ʻe Palesiteni Kalānite mo hono ongo tokoní ha ʻū tohi hangē ko e tohi ʻa ʻĪkoní, naʻe siʻi ha meʻa te nau lava ʻo fai ka ko e tokoni ʻofa pē, ʻo fokotuʻu ange he taimi ʻe niʻihi ha ngaahi kautaha ne nau ʻamanaki ʻe lava ʻo tokoní.35

ʻI Sepitema 1941, naʻe kei ʻi Viena pē ʻa ʻĪkoni mo ʻOlokā. Naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he kau Nasí he taimi ko iá ʻa e kau Siu ʻAositulia kotoa pē ʻai ke ʻiloʻi kinautolu ʻaki ʻenau tui ha Fetuʻu ʻo Tēvita lanu engeenga ʻi honau valá. ʻI he taimi naʻe ʻilo ai ʻe he kau ʻōfisa Nasí naʻe omi e kau Siú ki he ngaahi fakataha ʻi he Kolo Viená, naʻa nau tuʻutuʻuni kia ʻAloise ke taʻofi kinautolu mei heʻenau kau ki aí. Kapau he ʻikai ke ne loto ki ai, ʻe tuli e Kāingalotú mei honau feituʻu fakatahaʻangá.

Naʻe fakakaukau ʻa ʻAloise kuo pau ke ne talangofua ki he tuʻutuʻuní. Naʻá ne fetaulaki mo e fāmili Vaisé naʻá ne faingataʻaʻia mo fakaʻiseʻisa peá ne talaange he ʻikai ke nau toe lava ʻo kau ki he ngaahi fakatahá. Ka naʻe hokohoko atu ʻene ʻaʻahi faivelenga mo e kau mēmipa kehe ʻo e koló ki he fāmilí—ʻo aʻu ki he ʻaho ʻe taha, naʻe ʻikai ke toe ʻiloa ai ʻa ʻĪkoni mo ʻOlokā.36

  1. First Presidency to Douglas Wood, Telegram, Aug. 24, 1939; First Presidency to Joseph Fielding Smith, Telegrams, Aug. 24, 1939; Aug. 25, 1939, First Presidency Mission Files, CHL; U.S. State Department, Memorandum, Aug. 25, 1939, U.S. State Department Correspondence regarding Mormons and Mormonism, CHL; Grant, Journal, Aug. 27, 1939; Boone, “Evacuation of the Czechoslovak and German Missions,” 123, 136; vakai foki, Minert, Under the Gun, 27–28; and British Mission, Manuscript History and Historical Reports, Sept. 1–2, 1939. Naʻe fetukutuku fakahangatonu ʻa e kau faifekau ʻi he Misiona Pilitāniá ki he ʻIunaiteti Siteití.

  2. Joseph Fielding Smith to First Presidency, May 6, 1939; Aug. 1, 1939; Joseph Fielding Smith and Jessie Evans Smith to Heber J. Grant, June 21, 1939, First Presidency Miscellaneous Correspondence, CHL; Joseph Fielding Smith to First Presidency, Aug. 28, 1939, First Presidency Mission Files, CHL.

  3. Seibold, Oral History Interview, 2–3; Douglas Wood, in One Hundred Tenth Annual Conference, 78–79; Joseph Fielding Smith to First Presidency, Telegram, Aug. 26, 1939, First Presidency Mission Files, CHL; Boone, “Evacuation of the Czechoslovak and German Missions,” 137.

  4. Douglas Wood, in One Hundred Tenth Annual Conference, 79–81; Boone, “Evacuation of the Czechoslovak and German Missions,” 143. Naʻe liliu ʻa e konga fakaʻosi ʻo e leá ke lava ʻo lau; ʻoku pehē ʻi he maʻuʻanga fakamatala totonú “Naʻa mau talaange ke muimui kakato ki heʻene ngaahi ongó he ʻoku ʻikai ke mau ʻilo ʻa e ngaahi kolo ʻe ʻi ai e kau ʻEletā ʻe toko 31 ko ʻení.”

  5. Boone, “Evacuation of the Czechoslovak and German Missions,” 144; Douglas Wood, in One Hundred Tenth Annual Conference, 79–80; Seibold, Oral History Interview, 3, 12; Montague, Mormon Missionary Evacuation, 83.

  6. Seibold, Oral History Interview, 4–5, 12; Montague, Mormon Missionary Evacuation, 84–86; Boone, “Evacuation of the Czechoslovak and German Missions,” 144.  

  7. Seibold, Oral History Interview, 6.

  8. Boone, “Evacuation of the Czechoslovak and German Missions,” 146; Seibold, Oral History Interview, 10; Montague, Mormon Missionary Evacuation, 97–100; Overy, Third Reich, 197–98; Ellis Rasmussen and John Kest, “Border Incident,” Improvement Era, Dec. 1943, 46:793797. Tefito: World War II (Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II)

  9. Heber J. Grant, in One Hundred Tenth Semi-annual Conference, 8–9; Heber J. Grant to Walter Day, Sept. 8, 1939, Letterpress Copybook, volume 78, 99, Heber J. Grant Collection, CHL.

  10. Grant, Journal, Dec. 6, 1939; Heber J. Grant to Rachel Grant Taylor, Dec. 14, 1939, Heber J. Grant Collection, CHL.

  11. Grant, Journal, Feb. 4–5, 1940; Heber J. Grant to Charles Zimmerman, June 20, 1940, Letterpress Copybook, volume 79, 61, Heber J. Grant Collection, CHL; Clark, Office Diary, Feb. 5, 1940; Heber J. Grant to Isaac Stewart, May 10, 1940, Letterpress Copybook, volume 78, 962; Heber J. Grant to Henry Link, Aug. 2, 1941, Letterpress Copybook, volume 80, 230, Heber J. Grant Collection, CHL.

  12. Grant, Journal, Apr. 27, 1940; Heber J. Grant to Grace Grant Evans, May 1, 1940; Willard [Smith] to “‘Grant’ Family,” Feb. 22, 1940, Heber J. Grant Collection, CHL. Tefito: Hiipa J. Kalānite

  13. Bang, Autobiography, 7–8; [Bang], Wedding Day Story, [1].

  14. Paul Bang, “My Life Story,” 22, 27; vakai foki Charles Anderson to Adeline Yarish Taylor, July 30, 1940, Paul and Cornelia T. Bang Papers, CHL.

  15. Bang, Autobiography, 7; Cornelia Taylor, Patriarchal Blessing, Feb. 6, 1935, 1–2, Paul and Cornelia T. Bang Papers, CHL; Taylor, Diary, Apr. 12, 1936.

  16. Bang, Autobiography, 7–8; Leo Muir to Presiding Bishopric, Apr. 15, 1940; Marvin O. Ashton, Memorandum, May 22, 1940, Presiding Bishopric General Files, 1889–1956, CHL; Fish, Kramer, and Wallis, History of the Mormon Church in Cincinnati, 67.

  17. Ongo Tefitó: Temipale Ketilaní; Fehikitaki Kehe ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní

  18. [Bang], Wedding Day Story, [1]; [Bang], Honeymoon Diary, 23–24; Howlett, Kirtland Temple, 53–56, 60–61; Bang, “Personal History of Paul and Connie Bang—1942 Forward,” 2–3.

  19. Lund, “Joseph F. Smith and the Origins of the Church Historic Sites Program,” 345, 352–55; Packer, “Study of the Hill Cumorah,” 75, 92–94, 122–26, 135–38; Argetsinger, “Hill Cumorah Pageant,” 58–59. Ngaahi Tefitó: Church Historic Sites (Ngaahi Feituʻu Fakahisitōlia ʻa e Siasí); Palemaila mo Manisesitā; Vaoʻakau Tapú mo e Faama ʻa e Fāmili Sāmitá

  20. [Bang], Honeymoon Diary, 25; Bang, “Personal History of Paul and Connie Bang—1942 Forward,” 3; Gerritsen, “Hill Cumorah Monument,” 133; Paul Bang and Cornelia Taylor Bang, Hill Cumorah, 1940, Photograph, Paul and Cornelia T. Bang Papers, CHL.

  21. [Bang], Honeymoon Diary, 25; “Leaders in Church Speak at Opening of Capital Chapel,” Deseret News, Nov. 11, 1933, Church section, 1; “Will Link Parks by One Great Highway,” Deseret Evening News, June 5, 1920, section 2, 8; “Church Forms Stakes in U.S. Capital and Denver,” Deseret News, July 1, 1940, 11.

  22. [Bang], Honeymoon Diary, 25–26; Bang, “Personal History of Paul and Connie Bang—1942 Forward,” 3–5; Williams’ Cincinnati City Directory, 70.

  23. United Kingdom Air Ministry, Daily Weather Report, Ross-on-Wye, Dec. 11, 1940; “Victims Trapped in Wrecked Homes,” Cheltenham (England) Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic, Dec. 14, 1940, 2; Overy, Third Reich, 224–30; Donnelly, Britain in the Second World War, 92–93. Tefito: England (ʻIngilani)

  24. Jennifer Middleton Mason, “Sisters of Cheltenham,” Ensign, Oct. 1996, 59–60; Mason, Oral History Interview, 4–7, 9–10, 17–18.

  25. “Victims Trapped in Wrecked Homes,” Cheltenham (England) Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic, Dec. 14, 1940, 2; Elder, Secret Cheltenham, 55; Mason, Oral History Interview, 16; Hasted, Cheltenham Book of Days, 347; “Over 600 Homeless after Raid,” Cheltenham Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic, Dec. 21, 1940, 3.

  26. British Mission, Manuscript History and Historical Reports, Sept. 1–2, 1939; Jan. 10 and 18, 1940; Jennifer Middleton Mason, “Sisters of Cheltenham,” Ensign, Oct. 1996, 59; Mason, Oral History Interview, 10–12, 21, 26–27; Arthur Fletcher entry, Stroud Branch, Bristol District, British Mission, no. 11, in England (Country), part 42, Record of Members Collection, CHL.

  27. Mason, Oral History Interview, 4–6, 13–14, 22, 24; Jennifer Middleton Mason, “Sisters of Cheltenham,” Ensign, Oct. 1996, 59.

  28. “Air Raid Danger, Warning Signals, and Blackout Instructions,” file MEPO-4-489; Jennifer Middleton Mason, “Sisters of Cheltenham,” Ensign, Oct. 1996, 59; Mason, Oral History Interview, 14.

  29. Collette, Collette Family History, 205; Scharffs, Mormonism in Germany, 107; Minert, Under the Gun, 17, 465; Collette, Collette Family History, 210; Bukey, Hitler’s Austria, 188, 196–200, 206.

  30. Minert, Under the Gun, 463, 474; Hatch, Cziep Family History, 31, 64, 81, 202–3.

  31. Hatch, Cziep Family History, 81; Collette, Collette Family History, 171–72.

  32. Hatch, Cziep Family History, 81; Botz, “Jews of Vienna,” 321–22; 330, note 49; Egon Weiss to “Dear Brother,” Nov. 23, 1938, First Presidency Miscellaneous Correspondence, CHL.

  33. Tobler, “Jews, the Mormons, and the Holocaust,” 81; Heber J. Grant, in Ninety-First Annual Conference, 124; Heber J. Grant to Willard Smith, June 24, 1933, Letterpress Copybook, volume 70, 788; Heber J. Grant to Wesley King, Jan. 24, 1920, Letterpress Copybook, volume 55, 515, Heber J. Grant Collection, CHL.

  34. Tobler, “Jews, the Mormons, and the Holocaust,” 81; Egon Weiss to “Dear Brother,” Nov. 23, 1938; First Presidency to “Mrs. A. Goddard,” Nov. 23, 1920; Heber J. Grant to S. Sipkema, Jan. 29, 1926; Heber J. Grant, Anthony W. Ivins, and Charles W. Nibley to Cornelia van der Meide, Jan. 29, 1930, First Presidency Miscellaneous Correspondence, CHL; vakai foki Jensen mo Javadi-Evans, “Senator Elbert D. Thomas,” 223–39. Tefito: Hikifonua Maí

  35. Hangē ko ʻení, vakai ki he, Joseph Anderson to Paula Stemmer, Oct. 13, 1938; Joseph Anderson to Max Safran, Nov. 7, 1938; and J. Reuben Clark Jr. and David O. McKay to Richard Siebenschein, Jan. 27, 1939, First Presidency Miscellaneous Correspondence, CHL.

  36. Botz, “Jews of Vienna,” 330; Hatch, Cziep Family History, 81, 200, 202; vakai foki, Tobler, “Jews, the Mormons, and the Holocaust,” 85–86.