Akó—Taimi Lōloa Tahá: miniti ʻe 45
Fealēleaʻaki ki he ʻAho Ní:
4 Fakahū mo ʻInivesi ki he Kahaʻú
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Lau:Ne tau ako ʻi he vahe kimuʻá ko e ʻinivesí ko e foaki ha taimi, ngāue, pe paʻanga ki ha faʻahinga meʻa pea fakatetuʻa ki ha faʻahinga tupu ke maʻu mei ai. Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi ʻuhinga te tau ala ʻinivesi ai ha paʻangá ke tau maʻu ha paʻanga feʻunga ʻi he taimi ʻoku tau maʻu vāhenga mālōlō aí.
Naʻe akoʻi ʻe Palesiteni Ezra Taft Benson, “ʻOku mau fakaafeʻi ʻa e kāingalotu mātuʻotuʻa kotoa pē ʻi hoʻomou fonongaʻia ʻa e moʻuí ki he maʻu vāhenga mālōloó, ke mou palani fakapotopoto ki he ngaahi taʻu ʻo e hili hoʻomou ngāue taimi kakató.” (Ngaahi Akonaki ʻa e Kau Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí: ʻĒsela Tafu Penisoni [2014], 241). Mahalo naʻa ʻi ai ha ngaahi polokalama fakapuleʻanga pe fakasōsiale ke tokoni atu he lolotonga hoʻo vāhenga mālōloó, ka te ke fie maʻu ke fakalahi ʻa e paʻanga ʻoku maʻu mei he ngaahi polokalama ko iá ʻaki hoʻo paʻanga talifakí pe ʻinivesí. Kapau he ʻikai ke ke palani he taimí ni, mahalo he ʻikai ke ke maʻu ha paʻanga hū mai feʻunga pe paʻanga talifaki ke ke moʻui fakafalala pē kiate koe hili hoʻo maʻu vāhenga mālōloó.
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Aleaʻi:Ko e hā ʻe hoko kapau he ʻikai haʻo paʻanga feʻunga ke ke moʻui fiemālie ai he lolotonga hoʻo maʻu vāhenga mālōloó?
1. Fokotuʻu ha Taumuʻa Vāhenga Mālōlō
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Lau:Kimuʻa peá ke kamata fakahū paʻanga ki he maʻu vāhenga mālōloó, ʻe tokoni ke ke fakafuofuaʻi pe ko e fiha te ke fie maʻú. ʻE lava ke ke kamataʻaki e kiʻi founga faingofua ko ʻení:
He ʻikai ke ke lava ʻo tomuʻa ʻilo e fuoloa hoʻo moʻuí, ka te ke lava ʻo tala ʻa e taimi te ke fie maʻu vāhenga mālōlō aí, pea te ke lava ʻo fakafuofuaʻi e fuoloa hoʻo moʻuí mei he taimi ko iá. Ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kakai he funga ʻo e māmaní ʻoku nau maʻu vāhenga mālōlō ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e taʻu 60 ki he 70. Te ke lava ʻo moʻui ʻi ha toe taʻu ʻe 20 ki he 30 hili hoʻo maʻu vāhenga mālōloó.
Fakahinohino: Mahalo he ʻikai ke ke fie maʻu kotoa ʻeni he taimi te ke maʻu vāhenga mālōlō aí, he ʻe malava ke kei tupu pē hoʻo paʻanga ʻinivesí lolotonga hoʻo maʻu vāhenga mālōloó, ka ʻoku lelei ke kamata ʻaki ʻa e fika ko ʻení.
2. KE MAHINO ʻa e COMPOUND INTEREST
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Lau:ʻE lava ke hoko ʻa e compound interest ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi kī ki hono maʻu ha paʻanga feʻunga ki he vāhenga mālōloó. Ko e compound interest ko e maʻu ia ha tupu ʻi he funga ʻo e totongi tupu ʻuluakí, pea meimei ke fakafofongaʻi ʻaki ia ha pēseti pe lahi ʻo e totongi tupu fakataʻú (rate of return). Ko e maʻu pē hoʻo ʻuluaki totongi tupú, ʻoku tānaki leva ia ki he sinoʻi paʻangá. Pea ʻoku kamata leva ke toe lahi ange ʻa e palanisi ko iá.
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Lau:ʻOku faʻa tokoni e ʻinivesi ʻi ha ngaahi founga ʻoku maʻu ai ha totongi tupu leleí ke maʻu ai ʻe he kakaí ha paʻanga feʻunga ki he vāhenga mālōloó. ʻOku faingofua ange ki he niʻihi tokolahi ke nau toutou ʻinivesi ha paʻanga siʻisiʻi ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi lōloa, hangē ko ha mahuʻinga pau ʻi he māhina pe vāhenga takitaha, kae ʻikai ko ha ʻinivesi fakaʻangataha ha fuʻu paʻanga lahi. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻi he sīpinga ʻi laló ʻa e mahuʻinga fakakātoa ʻo e ʻinivesi ʻa e $100 ʻi he māhina ʻi ha taʻu ʻe 30, pea mo e ngaahi totongi tupu fakataʻu kehekehe. Ko e lelei ʻeni ʻo e compound interest.
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Aleaʻi:ʻE tokoniʻi fēfē ʻe he taimí mo e lahi ʻo e totongi fakafokí ʻa e mahuʻinga fakakātoa ʻo e ʻinivesí?
3. Mahino e Fehokotaki ʻa e MOLÉ (Risk) mo e TOTONGI FAKAFOKÍ (RETURN)
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Lau:Hangē ko ia kuo tau ʻiloʻí, ʻoku mālohi fau e totongi fakafokí (return). Mahalo naʻa ngali mahinongofua ko e meʻa pē ʻe fie maʻu ke tau faí, ko e ʻinivesi ʻetau paʻangá ʻi ha meʻa ʻoku māʻolunga hono totongi fakafokí. Ka ʻoku ʻikai faingofua pehē. Hangē ko hono fakahaaʻi atu ʻi he kalafi ko ʻení, ko e ʻinivesi kotoa pē kuo pau maʻu pē ke ʻi ai ha fehokotaki ʻi he totongi molé (risk) mo e totongi fakafokí (return). Ko e angamahení, ko e siʻisiʻi ange pēseti ʻo e totongi tupu fakataʻú, ko e siʻi ange ia e faingamālie ke mole hoʻo paʻangá ʻi he ʻinivesi ko iá. Ka, ko e māʻolunga ange pēseti ʻo e totongi fakafokí, ko e lahi ange ia ʻa e faingamālie ke mole ai hoʻo paʻangá.
4. Fakakaukauʻi HA Ngaahi ʻInivesi ʻe Ala Fakahokó
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Lau:ʻOku tokoni lahi ke ʻilo ha ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakakaukauʻi ai ke fakahoko ha ʻinivesí. ʻOku meimei ko e ʻinivesi kotoa pē ʻe lava ʻo vahevahe ki ha faʻahinga ʻe ua: ko e niʻihi ʻoku tuʻu maʻu hono totongi tupu fakataʻú mo e niʻihi ʻoku fetōʻaki hono totongi tupu fakataʻú.
ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻa e totongi tuʻu maʻú he ʻikai toe hiki hake pe holo hifo e lahi ʻo e totongi tupu fakataʻú ka ʻe tuʻu maʻu pē. ʻOku kau ʻi he sīpinga ʻo e fakahū paʻanga mo e ʻinivesi ʻoku totongi tupu tuʻu paú ʻa e ʻakauni fakahū paʻangá (savings), ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoni tipōsití (CDs), mo e ngaahi pōnité. Ko e ʻū ʻinivesi ʻoku tuʻu maʻu hono totongi tupu fakataʻú ʻoku faʻa angamaheni ke siʻisiʻi ange hono totongi tupu fakataʻú pea ʻe lava ke pehē ʻoku siʻi ange ʻene tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmakí ʻi he ʻinivesi ʻoku fetōʻaki hono totongi tupu fakataʻú.
ʻOku ʻuhinga e totongi tupu fetōʻakí ʻe lava pē ke hiki hake pe holo hifo hoʻo totongi tupu fakataʻú, ʻa ia ko hono ʻuhingá ʻe lava ke tupu pe mole hoʻo paʻangá. ʻOku kau ʻi he sīpinga ʻo e ngaahi ʻinivesi ʻoku fetōʻaki e tupú ʻa e ngaahi sitoká, tuifio ʻo e sitoká mo e pōnité (mutual funds), ʻū pisinisí, mo e fakatau kelekelé. Ko e angamahení, ʻoku faʻa fakatuʻutāmaki ange e ʻinivesi ʻi he totongi tupu fetōʻakí ʻi he ʻinivesi ʻi he totongi tupu tuʻu maʻú, ka te ne toe lava foki ke ʻomi ha totongi tupu fakataʻu ʻoku lahi angé.
ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻa e tuifió (diversification) ke fakahū hoʻo paʻangá ʻi ha ngaahi ʻinivesi kehekehe. ʻE tokoni ʻa e ʻinivesi ʻi ha ngaahi ʻinivesi kehekehé pe faʻahinga kehekehe ʻo e ʻinivesí ke holoki ai e tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki te ke aʻusiá.
Ki ha toe fakamatala lahi ange ki he faʻahinga kehekehe ʻo e ʻinivesí, lau ʻa e konga ki he “Maʻuʻanga Tokoní” ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo e vahé ko ʻení.
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Aleaʻi:Mou toe vakaiʻi fakakulupu ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau ko ʻení kae ʻoua kuo loto-fiemālie ʻa e tokotaha kotoa kuo mahino kiate kinautolu.
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Totongi Tupu Liuliunga (Compound Interest)
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Fehangahangai ʻo e fakatuʻutāmakí (risk) mo e totongi tupu fakataʻú.
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Totongi tupu fakataʻu tuʻu maʻu
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Totongi tupu fakataʻu fetōʻaki
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Tuifio (diversification)
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5. Fakatotolo ki ha Ngaahi ʻAkauni Vāhenga MĀLŌLŌ ʻE ALA FOKOTUʻU
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Lau:Ko e angamahení kuo pau ke ke totongi ha faʻahinga tukuhau ʻi hoʻo ʻinivesí. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻe ala hoko ʻa e tukuhaú ko e fakamole lahi taha ke ke fakakaukauʻi he taimi te ke ʻinivesi aí. Meʻa mālie, he ʻoku fakaʻatā ʻe ha ngaahi puleʻanga lahi ʻa e ʻū ʻakauni vāhenga mālōlō ʻoku ʻi ai hano ngaahi monūʻia tukuhau makehé, ʻa ia ʻoku fie maʻu ke mahino kiate koe. Ko e ngaahi ʻakauni ʻinivesi ko ʻení ʻe lava pē ke fokotuʻu ʻe he ngāueʻangá pe fakafoʻituitui pē, pea te ke lava foki ʻi he ngaahi ʻakauni ko ʻení ʻo ʻinivesi ʻi ha ngaahi sitoka, pōnite, tuifio ʻo e sitoká mo e pōnité (mutual funds), pe toe lahi ange. ʻOku kehekehe pē hingoa ʻo e ʻū ʻakauní ʻo fakatatau mo e feituʻu ʻokú ke nofo aí, ka ʻoku meimei tatau pē ʻa e tukuhau angamahení pea ʻoku meimei kalasi pē ʻe ua: fakatoloi e tukuhaú mo e taʻe-tukuhaú.
Fakatoloi e tukuhaú: Ko e paʻanga ki he ʻū ʻakauni ʻoku fakatoloi hono tukuhaú ʻoku meimei ke tukuhauʻi ia he lolotonga ʻo e taʻu ʻoku totongi aí, ka ko e toho paʻanga lolotonga ʻo e vāhenga mālōloó ʻoku tukuhauʻi ia makatuʻunga he lahi hoʻo paʻanga hū mai ʻoku tukuhauʻi he taimi ko iá. Kapau ʻoku ngalingali he ʻikai fuʻu tupu fēfē hoʻo ʻinivesí, koeʻuhí ko e holo ʻa e totongi tupu fakataʻú pe koeʻuhí ʻoku siʻi e taimi ke tupu aí, te ke ala toloi hoʻo totongi tukuhau vāhenga he paʻanga ko iá kae ʻoua ke ke vāhenga mālōlō, ʻa ia ʻe maʻamaʻa ange ai hono tukuhauʻi ʻo e paʻangá.
Taʻe-tukuhaú: ʻOku ʻikai ke maʻu ha monūʻia fakatukuhau makehe ia ʻi he fakahū ki ha ngaahi ʻakauni ʻoku ʻikai tukuhauʻí. Ko e ngaahi ʻakauni ko ʻení, ko e paʻanga ʻokú ke totongí ʻoku tukuhauʻi ia fakatatau ki he taʻu naʻe maʻu aí. Ka, ko e paʻanga kotoa ʻe maʻu mo e ngaahi toho ʻi he kahaʻú ʻoku ʻikai tukuhauʻi ia. Kapau ʻoku ngalingali ʻe lahi e tupu hoʻo ʻinivesí koeʻuhí ko e māʻolunga ange totongi tupu fakataʻú pe koeʻuhí ʻoku lōloa e taimi ke tupu aí, mahalo ʻe siʻisiʻi ange hoʻo totongi tukuhaú ʻi hoʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ha ʻakauni ʻoku ʻikai tukuhauʻi.
ʻOkú ke lava ʻo fakatokangaʻi, ʻe makatuʻunga pē ʻi he faʻahinga ʻakauni ʻokú ke filí, kuo pau ke ke totongi tukuhau he kamataʻangá pe ʻi he taimi te ke toho ai ho paʻangá. ʻE fakatatau pē mo e tūkunga ʻokú ke ʻi aí, ʻe ala ʻaonga lahi ange kiate koe ha founga ʻe taha ʻi he founga ko ē ʻe tahá.
6. Kamata Fakahū ha Paʻanga Vāhenga MĀLŌLŌ ʻI HE VAVE TAHÁ
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Lau:Ko hoʻo lava pē ʻo fokotuʻu ha sinoʻi paʻanga fakatuʻupakē mo totongi ʻosi ho moʻua noó, ʻoku totonu leva ke ke kamata fakahū ʻi he vave tahá ha paʻanga ki he maʻu vāhenga mālōloó. Ko e vave ange hoʻo kamata fakahū ha paʻanga ki he vāhenga mālōloó, ko e lōloa ange ia e taimi ke tupu ai hoʻo paʻangá pea ko e lahi ange ia ʻo e paʻanga te ke ala maʻu ki he vāhenga mālōloó.
Ko ha founga lelei ʻe taha ke ke kamata fakahū paʻanga ai ki he vāhenga mālōloó, ko e fakafou ʻi he palani vāhenga mālōlō ʻa e kautaha ʻokú ke ngāue ki aí. Kapau ‘oku ʻoatu ʻe he kautaha ʻokú ke ngāue ki aí ha faʻahinga ʻakauni vāhenga mālōlō ʻoku nau totongi ki ai e mahuʻinga tatau mo e meʻa ʻokú ke totongí, fakaʻaongaʻi lelei ia! ʻOku hangē ʻenau totongi fakatataú ha pōnasí pe hiki vāhenga kiate koé, ʻi heʻenau totongi ki hoʻo ʻakauni ʻaʻaú.
‘Oku tokoni ʻa e ʻekitivitī ko ʻení ke fakatātaaʻi ʻa e lelei ʻo e toutou ʻinivesi ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi lōloá.
Aleaʻi ʻi Hoʻomou Fakataha Alēlea Fakafāmilí ʻa e Mateuteu ke Maʻu Vāhenga Mālōloó
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Lau:Aleaʻi hoʻomou palani ki he vāhenga mālōloó ʻi hoʻomou fakataha alēlea fakafāmili ʻo e uike ní. Fakafuofuaʻi pe ko e fiha te ke fie maʻú, taimi te ke fie mālōlō (retire) aí, mo hoʻo tūkunga fakapaʻanga he taimi ko iá. Hiki ʻa e lahi te ke fie fakahuú, pea fakafuofuaʻi mo e lahi ʻo e paʻanga te ke lava ʻo fakahaofi he māhina takitaha ki he vāhenga mālōloó. Manatuʻi, neongo ʻoku mahuʻinga ke kamata hoʻo fakahū paʻanga ki he maʻu vāhenga mālōloó he vave tahá, ka ʻoku toe vivili ange ke fakahū hoʻo paʻanga ki he meʻa fakatuʻupakeé pea ʻuluaki totongi ʻosi ho moʻuá. ʻI hoʻomou fealeaʻakí, mahalo te ke fie ngāue ʻaki e “Sīpinga Fealēleaʻaki ʻi he Fakataha Alēlea Fakafāmili” ʻoku fokotuʻu atú.
Sīpinga ʻo e Fealēleaʻaki ʻi he Fakataha Alēlea Fakafāmili
Fakapapauʻi ke kamata mo fakaʻosi ʻaki ha lotu ke fakaafeʻi ʻa e Laumālié.
Konga 1: Toe Vakaiʻi
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ʻOku fēfē hoʻo tuʻunga fakapaʻanga ki he meʻa ʻoku mahuʻingá?
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ʻOku fēfē hoʻo tokateu ki he maʻu vāhenga mālōloó?
Konga 2: Palani
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Ko e fē taimi te ke fie vāhenga mālōlō aí?
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Ko e fiha te ke fie maʻu ʻi he taʻu kotoa ke feau hoʻo ngaahi fie maʻú?
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Ko e fiha ʻoku fie maʻu ke ke fakahuú?
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ʻE fēfē nai hoʻo tuʻunga fakapaʻangá ʻi he taimi te ke maʻu vāhenga mālōlō aí? ʻE ʻi ai nai haʻo ʻapi? ʻE kei ʻi ai nai haʻo mōkisi? Te ke teuteu nai ke ngāue fakafaifekau ʻi hoʻo matuʻotuʻá? ʻE fie maʻu nai ke ke tokoniʻi ha mēmipa ʻo e fāmilí? ʻE toe lahi ange pe siʻi ange nai hoʻo fakamolé mei he tuʻunga ʻoku ʻi ai he taimi ní?