Ako ke Fanongó: Ko e Fuofua Kolo Matakali Kehekehe ʻi Saute ʻAfiliká
Naʻe fakatē loʻimata ʻa Falanisi Lekuati ʻoku taʻu 56 ʻi heʻene tangutu fehangaaki mo ʻOlevi Taimi, ko ʻene palesiteni fakasiteikí. Naʻe toki fehuʻi ange ʻe Palesiteni Taimi pe ko e hā haʻane fakakaukau ki hano fokotuʻu ha kolo ʻo e Siasí ʻi he kolo tupuʻanga ʻo Falanisí ʻi Soueto ʻi Saute ʻAfilika.
“Ko e hā ʻokú ke tangi aí? Naʻa ku fakaʻitaʻi koe?” ko e fehuʻi ange ia ʻa Palesiteni Taimí.
Ne tali ange ʻe Falanisi, “ʻIkai.” “Ko e toki fuofua taimi ʻeni ki heʻeku moʻuí ke fehuʻi mai ai ʻe ha pālangi ha meʻa kiate au kimuʻa peá ne toki fai ha tuʻutuʻuni.”
Ko e Moʻui ʻi he Puleʻanga Lau lanú
ʻOlungá: Ko ha matātahi naʻe fakataumuʻa ʻe he laó ko ha feituʻu pē ki he kau pālangí ʻi Saute ʻAfilika.
Toʻohema ʻi laló: laʻitā mei he Keystone/Getty Images
Ko e taʻu 1981. Ko e taimi ko iá, naʻe fakamāvahevaheʻi ai ʻe ha faʻunga lao naʻe ʻiloa ko e puleʻanga laulanú (apartheid) ʻa e kakai ʻuliʻulí mei he kau pālangí ʻi Saute ʻAfilika. Naʻe ʻuhinga ʻa e māvahevahe fakalao ko ʻení, fakataha mo hono fakangatangata ʻo e Siasí ke taʻofi e kau tangata ʻuliʻuli ʻAfiliká mei hano fakanofo ki he lakanga fakataulaʻeikí, he ʻikai lava ke tupulaki ʻa e Siasí ʻi he kakai ʻuliʻuli ʻi Saute ʻAfiliká. Naʻe liliu ʻa e tuʻunga ko iá ʻi he 1978 ʻi he taimi naʻe maʻu ai ʻe Palesiteni Spenisā W. Kimipolo ʻa e fakahā ke toʻo e fakangatangata ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí, ka naʻe kei tuʻu pē ʻa e faingataʻa ʻo e fakamakehekehé mo e fehuʻuhuʻuʻakí ʻi he vā ʻo e ongo matakalí.
Ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kakai ʻuliʻuli ʻi Saute ʻAfiliká naʻa nau nofo ʻi he tukui kolo īkí, naʻe meimei ke langa ia ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo e tukui kolo lalahi ʻo e kau pālangí hangē ko Sohānesipekí. Ko Soueto, ko e fakanounou ki he Kolo Fakatokelau Hihifó, ʻa e kolo lahi tahá. Naʻe tātātaha ke ʻalu e kau pālangí ki he kolo īkí, pea ko e kakai ʻuliʻuli ne nau ʻalu ki he kolo lalahí naʻe tātātaha ke tokaʻi tatau kinautolu mo e kau pālangí.
Naʻe kau ʻa Falanisi mo hono fāmilí ʻi ha kiʻi kulupu tokosiʻi mei Soueto ne nau tali fiefia ʻa e ongoongolelei kuo toe fakafoki maí ʻi he 1970 tupú. ʻI he kamatá naʻa nau ʻalu ki he uooti Sohānesipekí. Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Sōnasi ko e foha ʻo Falanisí ʻa e ʻā hengihengi ʻa e fāmilí ʻi he 4:00 a.m. he ʻaho Sāpaté ke tuli ʻa e lēlue pongipongi ki Sohānesipēkí pea lue lōloa leva mei ai ki he falelotú kimuʻa pea kamata e lotú he 9:00 a.m. Naʻe pongipongia maʻu pē ʻa e fāmilí—ka naʻe faʻa faingataʻa he taimi ʻe niʻihi ki he fānaú ke nau ʻāʻā lolotonga e Palaimelí!
ʻE lava ke hoko ʻete paiona ʻi he feohi fakamatakalí ke toe hoko foki ai ha faingataʻa fakaeloto. Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Sosaia Mohapi ʻene fanongo ki ha kiʻi tamasiʻi pālangi taʻu ono naʻá ne lea ʻaki ha lea taʻefeʻunga kau ki he kakai ʻuliʻuli naʻá ne fetaulaki mo ia ʻi he Siasí. Naʻe pehē ʻe Sosaia, “Ko hono moʻoní, naʻá ku ʻosi ʻita fakalelei.” Ka naʻá ne fanongo ki he faʻeé ʻokú ne talaange ki hono fohá, “Ko e Siasí maʻá e tokotaha kotoa pē.” Naʻe mokomoko ʻa Sosaia ʻi hono fakafemālieʻi ia ʻe he fakamanatu ko iá.
Ko Ha Kolo ʻi Soueto?
Fuofua palesiteni Fineʻofa ʻuliʻuli ʻi Saute ʻAfiliká, Sūlia Mavipela, ʻokú ne kau ʻi he tanupou ʻo e falelotu foʻou ʻo e Kolo Souetó ʻi he 1991. (Vakai ki heʻene talanoá ʻi he fakamatala hokó.)
Taá ʻi he angalelei ʻa e Laipeli Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe Palesiteni Taimi ʻa e ngaahi faingataʻa fakatuʻasino mo fakaeloto naʻe fepaki mo e kāingalotu ʻuliʻulí. Naʻá ne fakakaukau ke fokotuʻu ha kolo ʻi Soueto ke fakafaingofuaʻi ʻenau fefonongaʻakí ka naʻe ʻikai ke ne loto ke nau ongoʻi ʻoku ʻikai ke talitali lelei kinautolu ʻi Sohānesipeki. Naʻá ne fakakaukau ai ke ʻinitaviu e kāingalotu mei Souetó hangē ko Falanisí ke fakapapauʻi honau lotó kimuʻa peá ne toki ngāue ki ai. Ne nau ʻoange ha tali mahino: “Te mau fiefia ke fokotuʻu ʻa e Siasí ʻi Soueto.”
Naʻe fili ʻe Palesiteni Taimi ʻa e kau taki ʻoku nau taukei te nau ala tokoni ki hono akoʻi ʻo e kau toki papi uluí. Naʻá ne ʻinitaviu ha kāingalotu ʻe toko 200 tupu ʻi Sohānesipeki pea iku ʻo ne ui ha toko 40 ke nau kau ki he kolo foʻoú ke tokoni ki hono akoʻi fakataimi ha kau taki fakalotofonua ke nau kamataʻi e koló.
ʻI he founga tatau pē naʻe fononga ai ʻa e kāingalotu ʻuliʻulí ki ha kolo ʻe taha mo ha ʻulungaanga ʻe taha ke maʻu lotu ʻi he Uooti Sohānesipekí, naʻe pau ke fakaangaanga ʻa e kāingalotu pālangí ki ha ʻātakai mo ha ʻulungaanga foʻou ʻi heʻenau fua fatongia ʻi Souetó. Naʻe ʻikai ke tokamālie maʻu pē ʻa e meʻa kotoa. Naʻe ʻikai fakakaukau ʻa Mōlini veni Sila ia ki ai, ko ha mēmipa pālangi naʻe uiuiʻi ke hoko ko e palesiteni Palaimelí, ʻi he taimi naʻe fili ai ʻa e fasi fakafonua ʻo Saute ʻAfiliká ko e hiva kamata ʻi he houalotu Fineʻofá ʻi ha taimi ʻe taha. Ka naʻá ne toki ʻiloʻi ai naʻe fakakaukau ʻa e kau Saute ʻAfilika ʻuliulí ko e fasi fakafonuá ko ha fakaʻilonga ia ʻo e lau lanú pea naʻe tokolahi e kau fafine ʻuliʻuli naʻa nau lotomamahi ʻi he hiva naʻe filí.
Ne mei faingofua pē ke hoko ʻa e fetaʻemahinoʻaki ko iá ko ha fakalotosiʻi ki he kāingalotu ʻuliʻulí mo e pālangí, ka naʻa nau fili ke fakaʻaongaʻi ia ko ha faingamālie ke nau fealeaʻaki mo tupulaki ai. Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Mōlini, “Naʻe lahi e meʻa kehekehe ne mau fevahevaheʻaki aí.” “ʻI honau tuʻunga ko e kau ʻuliʻulí, ko e hā e meʻa ʻe fakatupu lotomamahi kiate kinautolú pea ʻi homau tuʻunga ko e kau pālangí ko e hā e meʻa ʻe fakatupu lotomamahi kiate kimautolú. Ko ʻenau founga mo ʻemau founga ʻoku fakahoko ʻaki ha ngaahi meʻa pau. Pea naʻe hoko pē ia ko ha taimi fakalata ke mau feakoʻaki fakataha ai.”
ʻI he fakaʻau ke tupulaki ʻa e kolo ʻi Souetó ʻo mālohi mo tokolahi angé, naʻe fokotuʻu leva mo ha ngaahi kolo foʻou ʻi he tukui kolo kehé ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi pē e founga tatau. Ko Kumulani Matelisí ko ha talavou ia naʻe nofo ʻi he kolo Kuamasú ofi ki Tōpani. ʻI heʻene kau ki he Siasí ʻi he 1980, naʻá ne maʻu ha faʻahinga fakakaukau huʻuhuʻu ki he kau pālangí ʻa ia naʻe mei angamaheni pē ki he kau talavou ʻuliʻuli kotoa pē ʻi Saute ʻAfilika ʻi he taimi ko iá. Ka naʻe hanga ʻe heʻene ngaahi aʻusia ʻo e lotu fakataha mo e matakali kehé ʻo liliu ʻene fakakaukaú.
Ko e Meʻa ʻOkú ne Pukepuke Fakataha e Kakaí
ʻI he 1982, naʻe fakaafeʻi ai ʻa Kumulani mo e kau talavou ʻi hono koló ke nau kau ki ha konifelenisi maʻá e kau taautaha kei talavoú. Naʻe fie maʻu ʻe heʻene palesiteni fakakoló, ko ha pālangi ko Sione Manafooti, ke teuteu lelei ʻa e kau talavoú neongo ko hanau tokosiʻi pē naʻe vala leleí. Naʻá ne toʻo kotoa leva ʻa e suti ʻi hono lokí ʻo tufaki ia ki he kau talavoú pea naʻa nau tui ia ki he konifelenisí. ʻI he Sāpate hono hokó, naʻe tui ʻe Palesiteni Manafooti ʻa e suti naʻá ne ʻoange ke tui ʻe Kumulaní. “ʻOku ʻikai ke u lava ʻo fakakaukau loto ki ha tui ʻe ha pālangi ʻa e vala tatau ne u tui ʻe aú,” ko e manatu ia ʻa Kumulaní, “ka naʻá ne fakahoko ia. Naʻá ne tokoni ke liliu ʻeku fakakaukau ki he kakai pālangí ʻo kehe ia mei he fakakaukau ne u maʻu kimuʻá.”
Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā Matelisi ka ko ha Fitungofulu Māʻolunga Fakaʻēlia ia he taimí ni, “Naʻa mau fie maʻu kotoa ʻa e ngaahi aʻusia ko ʻení ʻi heʻemau moʻuí ke ne fakahoko ha liliu ʻiate kimautolu.”
Naʻe kamata fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e fuka ʻo Saute ʻAfiliká ʻi he 1994 ko ha fakaʻilonga ia ʻo e fāitahá hili hono fakangata ʻo e lao ki he lau lanú. ʻOku fakafofongaʻi ʻe he lanu ʻuliʻulí, engeengá, mo e lanu matá ʻa e Falealea Fakafonua ʻo ʻAfiliká, pea fakafofongaʻi ʻe he lanu kulokulá, hinehiná, mo e lanu puluú ʻa e Lepāpulika Poeá (Boer).
Naʻe fakangata e puleʻanga lau lanú (apartheid) ʻi Saute ʻAfilika ʻi he 1994. Neongo ko e tokolahi ʻo e ngaahi fakatahaʻanga lotu he ʻaho ní ʻoku tokolahi pē kau ʻuliʻulí honau feituʻu pea tokolahi pē kau pālangí honau feituʻu, ka ko e tauʻatāina lahi angé ko e ʻatā ke nau lotu ʻi ha faʻahinga feituʻu peé. Hangē ko e kau paionia ʻo e ngaahi fuofua kolo ʻi he tukui koló, ʻoku lotu mo ngāue fakataha ʻa e kāingalotu mei he puipuituʻa kehekehe ke langa hake ʻa e puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá.
ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻe he palesiteni fakasiteiki lolotonga ʻo e siteiki Souetó, Tapu Lepetoa, ko e ongoongoleleí ʻokú ne pukepuke fakataha e kakaí ʻi he taimi ʻo e māvahevahé. Naʻá ne pehē, “Neongo he ʻikai ke mau loto-taha ki he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku hoko ʻi tuʻa ʻi he siasí, fakapolitikalé mo e alā meʻa pehē, ka ʻoku mau loto-taha ʻi he tokāteliné.” ʻI hono fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e fakavaʻe fevahevaheʻaki ko iá, ʻe lava ke feakoʻaki e kakaí mei heʻenau ngaahi faikehekehé ʻi heʻenau fealeaʻaki fakalelei mo fakafanongo ʻaki e laumālie ongoʻingofuá. ʻOku faleʻi ʻe Palesiteni Lepetoa ʻo pehē, “Ko e taha e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga taha ʻo e tuʻunga fakatakimuʻá ko e fakafanongo ki he kakaí. Fanongo koeʻuhí kae lava ke mahino kiate koe. Fanongo koeʻuhí ka ke lava ʻo ongoʻi. Fanongo koeʻuhí ka ke lava ʻo maʻu ha ueʻi fakalaumālie.”
ʻOku poupou ʻa Topa Kali-Hala, ko e ʻofefine ʻo Sūlia Mavipela ko e taha ia ʻo e fuofua mēmipa ʻi he Kolo Souetó, ʻoku tokoni ʻa e fakafanongó ke taʻofi ai e hoko ʻo ha fekīhiaki ko ha ʻā vahevahe fakamamahi. ʻOkú ne pehē, “ʻOku totonu ke u fakafanongo ʻi ha founga te ne lava ʻo fakamahino ai kiate au ʻa e taʻefiemālie ʻo e tokotaha te ne ngali fakafepaki kiate aú.”
ʻOku poupouʻi ʻe ʻEletā Matelisi ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo Saute ʻAfiliká ke nau maʻu ha mālohi ʻi honau ngaahi faikehekehé, tautautefito ʻi he ngaahi fakataha alēleá. ʻOkú ne pehē, “ʻE hōifua ki ai ʻa e ʻEikí, ke fakataha mai ʻa e kakai mei he ngaahi matakali kehekehe ʻo tangutu takatakai ʻi he tēpilé pea aleaʻi e ngaahi palōpalemá.” Ko ʻene kole ki he kau taki fakalotofonua ʻi he Siasí ke hokohoko atu ʻenau hiki hake ʻa e kau taki mei he matakali kehé, ʻi he founga tatau pē naʻe poupouʻi ai ia ʻe he toʻu tangata kimuʻá. ʻI he feinga ko ia ke aʻu ki ha feituʻu mo e kakai foʻoú, ʻokú ne pehē, “he ʻikai te ke maʻu ʻe koe ha kakai taukei ai. Ka ʻokú ke fakatupulaki e ngaahi taukeí ʻi he Siasí. Te ke fakatupulaki e ngaahi taukeí ʻaki hono ʻomi e kakaí ke nau faaitaha pea ʻai ke nau ngāue fakataha.”