Puipuituʻa ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú
Ngaahi Lea Fakatātā ʻa Paula ki he Fakamoʻuí ʻi Honau Puipuituʻa Fakakuongamuʻá
‘I he Tohi ʻa e ʻAposetolo ko Paulá ki he kakai Lomá, naʻá ne ngāue ‘aki ha ngaahi fakakaukau ‘oku maheni mo e kakai ʻi hono kuongá ke tokoni ke mahino kiate kinautolu ʻa e ngāue fakamoʻui ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí.
Ko Paula ʻoku faitohi ʻi ha tesi
ʻOku fakamatalaʻi fēfē nai ʻe ha taha ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē kuo fakahoko ʻe Sīsū Kalaisi maʻatautolú? Kia Paulá, ko e talí ko hono ngāue ‘aki e ngaahi fakakaukau naʻe angamaheni pē ʻi hono kuongá pea lava ke fakahoa kia Sīsū Kalaisi—e ngaahi fakakaukau hangē ko e fakatonuhia, ʻaloʻofa, mo e feilaulau/fakaleleí.
Neongo ko e ngaahi fakakaukaú ni takitaha ‘oku fa‘a to‘ohala ia he ʻahó ni, ka naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ia ʻe Paula ʻi he Loma 3:24–25, ko e ngaahi lea fakatātā ke fakamatalaʻi ʻa e fakamoʻuí ʻi ha ngaahi lea ‘e mahino lelei ange ki he kau muimui ʻo Kalaisí ʻi he kuonga ko iá. Ko ia ai, ʻe lava ke tokoni ʻa e ‘ilo lahi ange ki he ngaahi ‘uhinga totonu ʻo e ngaahi leá ni ke mahino lelei ange kiate kitautolu ʻa e ngaahi akonaki ʻa Paula fekauʻaki mo hotau fakamoʻui ʻia Sīsū Kalaisí.
Fakatonuhia
Naʻe ngāue ʻaki e lea ko e fakatonuhia ʻi he Fuakava Motuʻá ke akoʻi ʻa ʻIsileli fekauʻaki mo honau vā fetuʻutaki mo e ʻOtuá.1 Ko e maʻu ʻa e fakakaukaú ni mei ha puipuituʻa fakalao. Hangē ko ʻení, ʻoku fekauʻi ʻa ʻIsileli ʻi he Teutalōnome 16:18–20, ke fokotuʻu ha kau fakamaau ke nau ‘oatu e “fakamaau totonu” pea tulifua ki he meʻa ʻoku “totonu katoa” (ʻi he lea faka-Hepelū totonú ʻoku pehē ai, tulifua ki he “fakamaau totonu fakamaau totonu,” ʻo lea tuʻo ua ʻaki e foʻi lea fakamaau totonu´ ke fakamamafaʻi). Ko e maʻu ʻa e totonú mo e fakamaau totonú mei he faka-Hepelū mo faka-Kalisi tatau ko e fakatonuhia.
Naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he kau palōfitá ʻa e ʻīmisi ʻo ha fakamaauʻanga lao, pea fakamaau ʻa e ʻOtuá, ke fakatokanga fakapunake ki ʻIsileli mo hono ngaahi fonua kaungāʻapí (vakai, ʻĪsaia 3:13–14; 41:1–9, 21–24; Maika 6:1–5). ʻI he ʻĪsaia 43:9, ʻoku ui ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa e ngaahi puleʻangá ke hā ʻi Hono ʻaó ʻo hangē ʻoku nau ʻi ha fakamaauʻangá: “Ke fakataha ʻa e kakaí: … tuku ke nau ʻomi ʻa ʻenau kau fakamoʻoní, koeʻuhí ke nau tonuhia.”2 Ke fakatonuhiaʻi (fakahaaʻi ʻoku tonuhia pe fakamolemoleʻi) ko e me‘a ia ʻe faka‘amua ʻe ha taha ʻoku ʻave ki he fakamaauʻangá.
Neongo ia ne hohaʻa e niʻihi ne nau hiki tohi ʻa e Fuakava Motuʻá ki he “fakamaau totonu” ‘a e ‘Otuá pe ko ʻEne “māʻoniʻoní” (ko e ongo liliu ʻo e foʻi lea tatau ʻi he lea faka-Hepeluú mo e faka-Kālisí), te ne fakahalaia‘i ʻa e kakaí. ʻOku fakahā ʻe he tangata faʻu sāmé, “ Koe‘uhí ‘e ‘ikai tonuhia ‘i ho ‘aó ha tangata mo‘ui ‘e tokotaha” (Saame143:2). ʻOku ‘uhinga ʻa Paula ki he saame ko ʻení ʻi he Loma 3:20: “ʻE ʻikai fakatonuhiaʻi ha tokotaha ʻi [he] ʻao [ʻo e ʻOtuá] ʻe he ngaahi ngāue ʻo e fono [ʻa Mōsesé].” Pea ne ‘omi leva ʻe Paula ha founga ke fakaleleiʻi ʻaki. ʻOku fili ʻe he ʻOtuá, ko hotau Fakamaau lahi fakalangí, ke fakahā ‘etau tonuhiá (pe māʻoniʻoni) koeʻuhí ko Kalaisi: ʻoku “fakatonuhiaʻi [kitautolu] ko e ‘ofa mataʻataʻatā pē ʻi heʻene ʻaloʻofá, koe‘uhí ko e totongi huhu‘i ‘a ia ʻoku ʻia Kalaisi Sīsuú” (Loma 3:24).
‘Alo‘ofá
Ko e ‘alo‘ofá ko ha foʻi lea ia naʻe ohi ʻe Paula ke fakamatalaʻi ʻa e ngāue fakamoʻui ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí. Ko e foʻi lea ‘alo‘ofá naʻe ʻikai ko ha foʻi lea fakalotu ia. ʻI he kuonga ʻo Paulá, naʻe faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ‘alo‘ofá (ʻi he lea faka-Kalisí, charis) ke fakamatalaʻi ʻaki ʻa e vā fetuʻutaki ʻo ha pataloni mo ‘ene kasitomaá. Naʻe maʻu ʻe ha pataloni ʻa e mālohi, mafai, pe paʻanga ke foaki ha meʻaʻofa ki he kau kasitomā naʻe ʻikai ke nau lava ʻo maʻu maʻanautolu pe totongi fakafoki ʻi he ʻofá. Naʻe ongoʻi ‘e he kau kasitomaá ko honau fatongia ke fakalāngilangiʻi honau pataloní ʻaki hono fakahaaʻi he ‘ao e kakaí ʻa ʻenau houngaʻiá mo e mateakí.
Hangē ko ʻení, ʻi he AD 90, naʻe tuku atu he kolo ko ʻĀfelotīsiá ha kau fakafofonga ki ʻEfesō ke fokotuʻu ha ‘imisi tā tongitongi ko e fakaʻapaʻapa ki he kau pule Lomá. ʻOku tohi ʻi he ‘imisi tā tongitongi ko iá e lea ni: “Ko e kakai ʻo ʻĀfelotīsiá, ʻoku nau tauhi pau kia Sisa, ʻi heʻenau pule pē kiate kinautolu mo tauʻatāina ʻi he kamataʻangá ʻi he ʻaloʻofa ʻa ʻAkosí, naʻa nau fokotuʻu [ʻa e ‘imisi tā tongitongi ko ʻení] ko ha [ngāue] ʻaloʻofa.”4 ʻOku ngāue ‘aki ʻi he tohí ni e ʻaloʻofá ʻi ha founga ʻe ua: ʻuluakí ke fakamatalaʻi ʻa e meʻaʻofa ʻa ʻAkosí—ʻa ia ko e kolo ko ‘Āfelotīsia te nau pule pe kiate kinautolu mo tau‘atāina—pea ko hono uá ke fakamatalaʻi ʻaki ʻa e ki‘i meʻaʻofa ‘imisi tā tongitongí ke fakahaaʻi ai e moʻui mateaki e kakaí mo fakahaaʻi ʻenau houngaʻiá.
ʻI he tohi Lomá, ʻoku fakamahinoʻi ai ʻe Paula pe ko e fē ʻi he ongo ʻaloʻofa ko ʻení ʻokú ne fakamatalaʻí: “Pea ‘oku fakatonuhia‘i koe ‘ofa mataʻataʻatā pe ‘i he‘ene ‘alo‘ofá” (Loma 3:24; tānaki atu hono fakamamafaʻí). Naʻe fakamamafa‘i ʻe Paula ko e meʻaʻofa ʻeni ʻa e ʻOtuá ko ʻetau pataloni ‘e ʻikai ke tau lava ʻo totongi fakafoki pea ʻoku totonu ke tau tali ia ʻaki hano fakahaaʻi ki he kakaí ʻetau houngaʻiá mo e angatonú.
Feilaulau /Fakaleleí
ʻOku hokohoko atu hono fakamatalaʻi ʻe Paula e ngāue fakamoʻui ʻa Kalaisí ʻaki ha heliaki fakaʻosi:
“Kuo fakahā atu ‘e he ‘Otuá [‘a Sīsū Kalaisi] ko e feilaulau fakaleleí ia, ʻi he tui ki hono taʻataʻá” (Loma 3:25).
ʻE lava foki ke liliu ʻa e foʻi lea ko e “feilaulaú” ko e “fakalelei” pe “nofoʻanga ʻaloʻofa.” ʻI he kuonga ʻo Paulá, ko e taimi ne fanongo ai e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau Siú ki he foʻi lea fakalelei, ne nau tomuʻa fakakaukau ki he ngāue ʻa e kau taulaʻeikí ʻi he temipalé.
Hangē ko ʻení, ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ʻi he Levitiko 16 ko e ngāue ‘a e taulaʻeiki lahí, ʻi he ʻAho ʻo e Fakaleleí, ke afuhi e toto ʻo e monumanu kuo feilaulau‘í “ʻi he ʻao ʻo e nofoʻanga ʻaloʻofá” ke “fai ha fakalelei” (Levitiko 16:15–16). ʻOku ngāue ‘aki ʻe Paula ʻa e foʻi lea feilaulau ke fakafehoanaki ʻa e ngāue fakamoʻui ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí ki ha meʻa ‘oku maheni mo e kau laukongá: ko e ngāue ʻa e kau taulaʻeikí ʻi he temipalé ke toʻo ʻa e ngaahi angahala ʻa e tangatá pea fakaleleiʻi kinautolu mo e ʻOtuá. Ka neongo ia, ʻoku fakamahinoʻi mai ʻe Paula, ʻoku ʻikai ko e toto ʻo e fanga monumanú ʻokú ne fakahaofi ka ko e “feilaulau fakalelei ia ʻi he tui ki he ta‘ata‘a ʻo [Kalaisí]” (Loma 3:25).
ʻI ha veesi nounou ʻe ua (Loma 3:24–25), ‘Oku fakaafe‘i kitautolu ‘e Paula ke tau fakakaukauloto ki hono (1) fakatonuhiaʻi kitautolu ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻi ha fakamaauʻanga koeʻuhí kuo huhuʻi kitautolu ʻe Sīsū Kalaisí, (2) hoko ʻa e ʻOtuá ko hotau pataloni koeʻuhí ko ‘Ene meʻaʻofa ʻo e ʻaloʻofá, ʻa ia ʻoku totonu ke tau talangofua kiate Ia mo fakahā ‘etau fakafetaʻia Ia pea mo e (3) hoko ʻa e ʻOtuá ko ha taulaʻeiki, ʻo fakamāʻoniʻoniʻi kitautolu ʻi heʻetau tui ki he taʻataʻa faifakamolemole ʻo Kalaisí.
ʻI hono fakafehoanaki mai ki heʻetau moʻuí mo ‘etau moihū ko e kau mēmipa ʻo e Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní he ʻaho ní, ʻe lava ke tokoniʻi kitautolu ʻe he ngaahi fakatātā takitaha ko ʻení ke tau vakai ki he mālohi ʻo e feilaulau fakalelei ʻa hotau Fakamoʻuí pea mo e ʻofa kuó Ne fakahaaʻi mai mo ʻetau Tamai Hēvaní kiate kitautolú ʻaki hono foaki mai ha meʻaʻofa fakaofo pehē.