Ko e Tohi Fakaofo ʻa Molomoná
Naʻe fakahoko ʻe Molomona ʻa e ngāue faingataʻa ko hono hiki fakanounouʻi ʻo e ngaahi lēkooti ʻa e kau Nīfaí ʻi ha founga lelei mo fakaofo.
Tā valivali ʻa Joseph Brickey
ʻI he taimi naʻe mamata ai ʻa Molomona ʻe fakaʻauha ʻa hono kakai ko e kau Nīfaí, naʻá ne fakakaukau ke “hiki hano kiʻi fakanounouʻi” ʻo ʻenau ngaahi lēkōtí (Molomona 5:9). Naʻe kamataʻi ʻa e ngāué ni ʻi he feituʻu fakamuimui ne ʻapitanga ai e kau Nīfaí kimuʻa pea nau fakatahataha fakaʻosi atu ki he fonua ko Komolá. Naʻe fuʻu fakaʻofa ʻaupito ʻa e tūkunga nofo ne kātekina ʻe he kau Nīfaí; naʻe hoko ʻa e kakaí ko e kau kumi hūfanga ʻo ʻikai ke nau ʻilo pe ʻe maʻu mei fē ha meʻakai, vala mo e nofoʻanga. ʻOku ngalingali naʻe hoko atu ʻa e tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻo aʻu ki he taʻu ʻe fā ʻo e teuteu ki he tau fakaʻosi ne loto ki ai ʻa e ʻeikitau Leimaná, ka naʻe fakakakato ʻa e lēkooti naʻe hiki fakanounouʻí pea fūfuuʻi ʻi he Moʻunga Komolá ʻi ha taimi fuoloa kimuʻa e tau fakaʻosí (vakai, Molomona 6:6).
ʻOku mahino ko hono faʻu ko ia ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ko ha ngāue faingataʻa fau, tautautefito ki he pau ko ia ke ngāue ʻa Molomona ʻi he “taimi ʻo e taú” mo ʻene ngaahi ngāue kehé ʻi hono angi ʻene kongakaú heʻenau teuteu atu ki he tau fakaʻosí. Pea ʻoku mahino pē, ʻoku ʻikai hao ʻa e lēkooti fakaʻosí mei he fehālākí.1
Fakangatangata ʻi he Ngāue ʻa Molomoná
Fakakaukau ki he niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi fakangatangata naʻe fehangahangai mo Molomona ʻi heʻene ʻiloʻi ʻene taumuʻá:
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Pau pē ne hoko e lahi ko ia ʻo e lekooti foʻoú ko ha fakangatangata moʻoni. Kuo pau ke toʻo ngofua holo e tohí kae lava ʻa Molonai ʻo ʻave ia ki ha feituʻu malu.
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Kuo pau ke mateuteu feʻunga e tohí ke tolonga atu ʻi ha ngaahi senituli.
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ʻI he kotoa ʻo e ngaahi founga tohi naʻe mei lava ke ngāue ʻaki ʻe Molomoná, ko e taha pē naʻe nounou feʻunga ke hao ʻi he tohí.
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Naʻe pau ke lōloa feʻunga pe fakapotopoto hono hikí, tauhi totonu ki he ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa fakahisitōlia ne hoko ʻi he lēkooti naʻá ne fakanounouʻí, mo fakalea ia ʻi ha founga naʻá ne pehē ʻoku totonú.
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Naʻe taimi nounou hono fakahoko ʻa e ngāué. Naʻe laka siʻi hake pē ʻi he taʻu ʻe tolú ʻa e taimi naʻe maʻu ʻe Molomona ke ne fakatahatahaʻi mo hiki kotoa ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ne hoko ʻi ha taʻu ʻe 600 tupu. Mahalo pē naʻe ʻikai ke ne maʻu ha taimi ke lau kotoa ai ʻa e ngaahi lēkooti naʻá ne maʻu ʻi hono nimá, pea ʻoku pau pē naʻe ʻikai ha taimi ke toe vakaiʻi pe fakaleleiʻi ai.
Neogo e ngaahi fakangatangata ko ʻení, naʻe founga fēfē nai hono fili ʻe Molomona ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala ke fakakaú mo e ngaahi meʻa ke tukú?
ʻI heʻetau vakai ki heʻene lavameʻa fakalaumālie ko ia ʻi hono ʻomi e Tohi ʻa Molomoná, naʻe fakaofo mo fakafiefia ʻo hangē ko e lavameʻa kimui ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻi hono liliu ʻo e lēkōtí ʻi ha kiʻi taimi nounou.
Ko hono Fili ha Founga Tohí
ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻi he Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻi he ngaahi taimi lahi ʻa e faingataʻa ne fekuki mo e kau tangata tohí ʻi hono fakamahino mai ʻenau ngaahi fakamatalá (vakai, Sēkope 4:1; Molomona 9:33; ʻEta 12:23–25, 40). Naʻe pehē ʻe Molomona, “ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa lahi, ʻoku fakatatau ki heʻemau leá, ʻoku ʻikai te mau faʻa lava ʻo tohi” (3 Nīfai 5:18). ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻa “ʻemau ngaahi leá” ʻi heʻene tuʻu ko ʻení ki heʻenau founga ʻo e tohí, ʻikai ko e lea ʻoku nau lea ʻakí. ʻOku toe talamai ʻe Molonai kiate kitautolu ʻe ʻikai “ha hala ʻe taha” (Molomona 9:33) ʻo ka ne nau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e mataʻitohi faka-Hepeluú, ko ha founga tohi fakaʻalafapeti.
Ko e “mata‘itohi” ko ia ne nau ngāue ʻaki ki he tohí ne ui ia ʻe he kau fai-hisitōlia Nīfaí ko e “liliu faka-ʻIsipite foʻoú” (Molomona 9:32). Naʻe kau ʻi he founga ko ʻení ʻa e “ʻilo ʻa e kau Siú pea mo e lea ʻa e kau ʻIsipité” (1 Nīfai 1:2) Naʻe faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi mataʻitohi faka-ʻIsipité (glyphs) ʻi Palesitaine motuʻa ke tohi ʻaki e ngaahi ongo ʻo e ngaahi lea faka-Hepeluú.2 ʻOku mahino mei he sīpinga ʻo e ngaahi mataʻitohi ʻi he “Tohi ʻa ʻAnitoní,”3 ʻa ia ʻoku pehē ko ha tatau ʻo e ngaahi mataʻitohi mei he ʻū lauʻi peleti naʻe liliu ʻe Siosefa Sāmitá, ʻoku mahino naʻe ʻikai ke toʻo hangatonu kinautolu mei he ngaahi tohi faka-ʻIsipite ne ngāue ʻaki ʻi he ngaahi taimi ʻo Līhaí. ʻOku nau hangē kinautolu ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e tohi hieratic faka-ʻIsipité, ko ha founga tohi motuʻa, ko ha founga fakaʻilonga faitatau (parallel) ʻoku nau kei ngāue ʻaki ʻi he taimi ne nau fakaʻaongaʻi ai ʻa e polosí mo e vaitohí kae ʻikai tā tongitongi ʻi he maká.
Naʻe toe nounou ange ʻa e founga tohi hieratic ʻi he tohi fakamataʻitohi faka-Hepeluú pea lahi ange foki hono ʻuhingá, koeʻuhí naʻe fakafofongaʻi ʻe he konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi fakatātaá ha ʻuuni lea kakato, fanga kiʻi lea iiki fetuiaki pe ngaahi foʻi lea (ʻoku ʻiloa he ʻahó ni ko e logograms) kae ʻikai ko ha ngaahi ongo ʻoku hiki fakafoʻilea ke faʻu ʻaki ha ngaahi lea ʻo hangē ko ia ʻi he tohi fakamataʻitohí. Naʻe pau ke ako maʻuloto e ʻuhinga ʻo e fakaʻilonga lea (logogram) takitaha. Naʻe malava ke faʻa hoko ʻa e mohu-ʻuhinga ko ʻení ko ha konga ia ʻo e palopalema hono “fakahokohoko ʻo ʻemau ngaahi leá” (ʻEta 12:25) ʻa ia ne lea ki ai ʻa Molonaí.
Ko e toe tupuʻanga ʻe taha ʻo e “fehalākí” ko hono faʻa ngāue ʻaki ko ia ʻo e hieratic faka-ʻIsipité ke tohi hokohoko (cursive) e tohí, ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻi ke tongitongi ha lekooti ʻi ha ʻū lauʻi peletí mahalo ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ne kiʻi fehalaaki siʻi e taha tā tongitongí pea ʻikai ha meʻa lelei ke “tamateʻi” ʻaki ʻe he taha tā tongitongí ha fakatonutonu ʻo hala ai hono lau e ngaahi mataʻitohí.
Lahi ʻo e Ngaahi Seti Lekōtí
Naʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he ʻū lauʻi peleti lalahi ʻa Nīfaí, ne ngāue ʻaki ha ngaahi fakamatala tānaki mai ʻi ha ngaahi taimi ʻi hono faʻu ko ia e fakamatala ʻa Molomoná. Naʻá ne fakamatalaʻi ʻa e tuʻo lahi ʻene fakafalala ki he lekooti tonu ʻa “[ʻAlamaá]” (ʻAlamā 5:2; vahe 7, ʻuluʻitohí; 35:16). Naʻá ne fakaʻaongaʻi foki ʻa e “ngaahi lekooti ʻa Hilamaní” mo ia “ʻo hono ngaahi fohá” (talateu ki he tohi ʻa Hilamaní), pea ʻoku tau lau foki ki he “lekooti ʻa Nīfaí” (3 Nīfai 5:10).
Naʻe fakafalala foki ʻa Molomona ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ki ha ngaahi tohi kehe, ka ko e niʻihi naʻe ʻikai ke ne talamai pau. Mahalo ʻe kau ʻi he ngaahi lekooti tānaki maí ʻa e niʻihi ko ʻení:
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Ko e malanga maʻongoʻonga ʻa e Tuʻi ko Penisimaní (Mōsaia 2:9–Mōsaia 5).
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Ko e lekooti ʻi he ʻū lauʻi peleti ʻa Sēnifí (Mōsaia 9–22).
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Ko e fuofua-tokotaha ne malangaʻi ʻe ʻAlamā ʻi Seilahemalá, Kitione, pea mo Mīleki (ʻAlamā 5, 7, mo e 8).
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Ko e talanoa ʻo e ngaahi aʻusia ʻa ʻAlamā mo ʻAmuleki ʻi ʻAmonaihaá (ʻAlamā 9–14).
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Ko e fakamatala fakaikiiki ʻo e ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa e ngaahi foha ʻo Mōsaiá mo honau ngaahi hoá ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau Leimaná (ʻAlamā 17–27).
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Ko e ngaahi malanga ʻa ʻAlamā ki hono ngaahi fohá, ʻa Hilamani, Sipiloni mo Kolianitoni (ʻAlamā 36–42).
Naʻe fakakau foki ʻe Molonai ʻi heʻene liliú mo e hisitōlia ʻo e kau Sēletí ne hiki fakanounou ʻe ʻEtá, ʻo teuteuʻi mo fakamāʻopoʻopo ʻe Molonai ko e tohi ʻa ʻEtá, kae pehē foki ki he ngaahi konga ʻo e ngaahi akonaki mo e tohi mei heʻene tamai, ko Molomoná (Molonai 7–9).4
Naʻe tauhi ʻa e ngaahi lēkooti toputapu mahuʻingá ʻi ha ukamea ke fakapapauʻi ʻenau tolongá; naʻa nau pehē ko e ngaahi fakamatala naʻe tauhi ʻi ha meʻa ʻe ʻauha vavé ʻe fakaʻau pē ʻo ʻikai toe lava ʻo lau kinautolu (vakai, Sēkope 4:2). ʻOku fakamahino mai ʻe hono tutu ko ia ʻo e ngaahi folofola ne maʻu ʻe he kau papi ului ʻa ʻAlamā ʻi ʻAmonaihaá ʻa hono ngāue fakaʻaho ʻaki ko ia ʻo e ngaahi tatau pepa ʻo e folofolá (vakai, ʻAlamā 14:8; fakafehoanaki mo Mōsaia 2:8; 29:4; mo e ʻAlamā 63:12). Naʻe ʻikai faingofua ke ngaohi mo tā tongitongi e ʻū lauʻi peleti ukameá (vakai, Molomona 8:5) ko ia naʻe fakangatangata pē hono lahí.
Naʻe tohi ʻe Molomona hono hisitōliá ʻi he ngaahi nāunau kehekehe naʻá ne maʻú “ʻo fakatatau ki he ʻilo mo e mahino kuo foaki ʻe he ʻOtuá” kiate iá (Ngaahi Lea ʻa Molomoná 1:9). Naʻe fakahangatonu mo pau e tokoni fakalangí he taimi ʻe niʻihi, ʻo hangē ko ia ko e taimi naʻe fakahinohinoʻi ai ia ʻe he ʻEikí ke ʻoua naʻá ne fakakau ha toe fakamatala lōloa ange ki he ngaahi akonaki ʻa Sīsū ki he kau Nīfaí (vakai, 3 Nīfai 26:6–12), ka ʻoku ʻikai ha lau ne toe ʻi ai ha ngaahi fakamatala fakahisitōlia ne fakahā ange kiate ia.
“Pea Ko ia ʻOku Tau Vakai Ai”
Ne toutou fakahā ʻe Molomona ko ha konga siʻi pē ʻo e ngaahi meʻa fakahisitōlia ne maʻu ʻi he ngaahi peleti lalahi ʻa Nīfaí ʻokú ne fakanounouʻí (vakai, Ngaahi Lea ʻa Molomoná 1:5; 3 Nīfai 5:8; 26:6; vakai foki, Sēkope 3:13–14; 4:1). Naʻe founga fēfē leva ʻene fili e ngaahi fakamatalá?
ʻOku toutou hā ʻi heʻene tohí ʻa ʻene tefitoʻi taumuʻá. Ko e taumuʻá ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku mahino ki heʻene kau laukongá, tautautefito ki he kakai ʻi he kahaʻú ʻi he fonua ʻo e talaʻofa ko ʻAmeliká pea tautautefito ki he hako ʻo Līhaí, ʻa hono mahuʻinga kiate kinautolu ʻa e talaʻofa mo e kikite ne ʻoange ki he tamai ko Līhaí: “Kapau te mou tauhi ʻeku ngaahi fekaú te mou tuʻumālie ʻi he fonuá.” (Seilomi 1:9). Ko hono moʻoní, ko e fakatatau kovi ʻa ʻAmalone fekauʻaki mo e lea fakatalutalu ko ia ʻa Līhaí ʻoku tokanga lahi ki ai ʻa Molomoná: “Ka ʻikai te mou tauhi ʻeku ngaahi fekaú, ʻe ʻikai te mou tuʻumālie ʻi he fonuá” (ʻAmenai 1:6; toki tānaki atu ʻa e fakamamafá).
ʻOku fakafaikehekeheʻi lahi ʻe he ngaahi lēsoni ʻa Molomoná e leleí mei he koví. ʻOku fakamamafaʻi ʻe he kakai ʻi heʻene lekōtí ʻa e talangofuá mo e anga māʻoniʻoní ʻi heʻene fehangahangai mo e fai angahala ongongataʻá. ʻOkú ne fakamatalaʻi ʻa e kakai taʻefaitotonú ko ha kakai mātuʻaki angakovi pea tuha mo honau ikuʻangá; ʻokú ne fakamatalaʻi ʻa e kau moʻungaʻi tangatá ʻoku nau feʻunga mo hono vīkivikiʻí ʻi he meimei tapa kotoa pē. ʻOku ʻikai haʻane lave ki ha ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻoku ʻikai pau pe ʻoku lelei pe kovi. Naʻe fie maʻu ʻe Molomona ke fakamahino ki he ʻatamai ʻo ʻene kau laukongá ko e leleí mo e kovi ʻokú na fehangahangai ʻaupito (fakatokangaʻi ange ʻa e ngaahi lea ne ngāue ʻaki ʻe Molomoná ʻo fakafehoanaki mo ia ʻi he Molonai 7:5–19). Naʻe huluni ʻaki ʻe Molomona e niʻihi ʻo ʻene ngaahi fakamatalá haʻane ueʻi fakalaumālie fakatāutaha. ʻOku faʻa fakaʻilongaʻi e founga tohi ko ʻení ʻaki e kupuʻi lea hangē ko e “pea ko ia ʻoku tau vakai ai” (hangē ko ia ʻi he ʻAlamā 42:4, 7, 14; Hilamani 3:23–31; 6:34–40).
ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻe Molomona mo Molonai ʻena lēkooti “nounoú” ki heʻena kau laukonga ʻi he kahaʻú ʻi ha faʻahinga founga talanoa fakahisitōlia makehe. Naʻe ʻikai te na hiki ia ʻo hangē ko hano hiki ʻe ha tokotaha fai hisitōlia ha hisitōliá, ka ʻi ha pōpoaki maʻongoʻonga ne fakataumuʻa ke akoʻi e kau laukongá ki he ngaahi lēsoni ne ako ʻe he ongo tangatá ʻi haʻana ngāue ʻosikiavelenga ki hona kakaí pea ki he ʻOtuá. Naʻá na fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e maʻuʻanga tokoni lelei taha naʻá na maʻú ʻi he founga ʻaonga taha naʻá na ʻiló. Naʻe hoko ʻena ngāué mo e mateakí ko ha tokoni ia ki he kakai kotoa ʻi hotau kuongá.
ʻOku ou mātuʻaki fakamālōʻia kinaua.