Tauʻatāina Fakalotú: Makatuliki ʻo e Melinó
Fai ʻe ʻEletā D. Todd Christofferson
ʻO e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá
Ke maʻu e kakato ʻo e lea ko ʻení, ʻalu ki he .
Naʻe fakahoko ʻe ʻEletā Kulisitofasoni ʻa e malangá ni ʻi ha konifelenisi ʻo e ngaahi tui fakalotu kehekehe ʻa ia naʻe fai ʻi Sao Paulo, Palāsila, ʻi he ʻaho 29 ʻo ʻEpeleli, 2015.
Fakatauange te tau tulifua ki he melinó, ʻaki ʻetau ngāue fakataha ke paotoloaki mo maluʻi e tauʻatāina ʻa e kakai kotoa pē ke fakataha mo fakahaaʻi ha tui fakalotu pe ha tui ʻoku nau fili ki aí.
Ngaahi tā fakatātā ʻa Joshua Dennis
ʻOku ou houngaʻia ʻaupito ʻi he fakaafe ange ke u ʻi heni mo kimoutolu ʻi he efiafí ni ʻi he fakataha fakavahaʻasiasi ko ʻení, ʻa ia ʻoku fakataha kotoa mai ai ʻa e kau Mosilemi, Katolika, ʻAho Fitu, Siu, ʻEvangeliō, Māmonga, niʻihi ko e kau tauhi fakalaumālie tuʻufonua, niʻihi ʻoku ʻikai kau ki ha faʻahinga siasi tukupau, mo ha niʻihi kehe tokolahi ke fepoupouʻaki mo e kau taki ʻo e puleʻangá mo e ngaahi pisinisí ke aleaʻi mo fakafiefiaʻi e tauʻatāina fakalotú. Ko e moʻoni, ko ha fakataipe mālohi ʻemau fakataha kotoa mai ki he feituʻu makehe ko ʻení.
ʻOku tautautefito ʻeku fiefiá ʻi heʻeku ʻi heni ʻi Palāsilá, ko ha puleʻanga ʻoku mahu hono ngaahi anga fakafonuá mo e kakaí. ʻI hono tali lelei e ngaahi ʻulungaanga fakafonuá, kau ai e tauʻatāina fakalotú, kuo tupulaki ai ʻa Palāsila pea ʻe hokohoko atu ke nau tupulaki. Naʻe toki fokotuʻu ʻa Palāsila ko e fonua ʻoku siʻisiʻi taha ai e ngaahi fakangatangata ʻa e puleʻangá ʻi he tui fakalotú.1 ʻOku ou talamonū ai ki Palāsila ʻi he tuʻukimuʻa laulōtaha ko ʻení.
Kuo maʻu ʻeni ʻe Palāsila ha fatongia ke tataki e ngaʻunu fakamāmani lahi ke poupouʻi e tauʻatāina ko ʻení. Hangē ko e folofola ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi ʻi he Fuakava Foʻoú:
“Ko e maama ʻo māmani ʻa kimoutolu. Ko e kolo [pe hangē ko ʻení, ko ha puleʻanga] ʻoku tuʻu ʻi ha moʻunga, ʻoku ʻikai faʻa fakapuli ia. …
“Tuku ke ulo pehē hoʻomou māmá ʻi he ʻao ʻo e kakaí, koeʻuhí ke nau mamata ki hoʻomou ngaahi ngāue leleí, pea fakamālōʻia ʻa hoʻomou Tamai ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi he langí” (Mātiu 5:14, 16).
Ngaahi kaungā ngāue, ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe he māmaní e maama ʻo Palāsilá ke ulo fuoloa mo ngingila. ʻOku tau fakafiefiaʻi ʻi he poó ni ha ola ʻe lava ke maʻu mei he vīsone ko iá.
Puipuituʻá mo e Ngaahi Tefitoʻi Moʻoni Tefitó
Ko e tauʻatāina fakalotú ʻa e makatuliki ʻo e melinó ʻi ha māmani ʻoku lahi ai e feʻauʻauhi ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau fakapotó. ʻOkú ne ʻomi kiate kitautolu kotoa ha faingamālie ke tau fakapapauʻi ai maʻatautolu ʻa e meʻa ʻoku tau fakakaukau mo tui ki aí—ke tau muimui ki he moʻoni kuo folofola mai ʻe he ʻOtuá ki hotau lotó. ʻOkú ne fakaʻatā ʻa e ngaahi tui kehekehé ke nau tuʻu fakataha, maluʻi e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku vaivaí mo tokoni ki hono fakaleleiʻi ʻetau ngaahi palopalemá. Ko ia ai, kuo tuʻutuʻuni aofangatuku ʻe he Fakamaauʻanga ʻo ʻIulope ki he Totonu ʻa e Tangatá ʻi ha ngaahi keisi lahi, ʻoku mahuʻinga ki he kakai tuí ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotú pea “ko ha koloa mahuʻinga ia ki he kakai ʻoku ʻikai tui ʻOtuá, kau veiveiuá, kau fakataʻetaʻetuí mo e kau taʻe-tuí.” ʻOku hoko ʻeni koeʻuhí “ʻoku makatuʻunga mei ai hono ʻikai lava ke fakamavahevaheʻi e ngaahi tui fakalotu kehekehe ʻoku fakatahatahaʻí mei he sosaieti faka-temokalatí, ʻa ia kuo laui senituli hono ngāueʻí.”2
ʻOku ʻikai ko e moʻui ʻāfaʻafa pē ʻa e tauʻatāiná ʻoku pehē ʻe he kau poto faka-politikalé ko e tauʻatāina “kovi” ke tukunoaʻí, neongo pe ko e hā hono mahuʻingá. Ka ko ha tauʻatāina ia ʻoku “lelei” lahi ange—ko e tauʻatāina ke moʻui ʻaki ʻe ha taha ʻene tui fakalotú pe tuí ʻi ha ʻātakai ʻoku fakalao, fakapolitikale mo fakasōsiale ʻa ia ʻoku tali, fakaʻapaʻapaʻi mo poupouʻi ai e ngaahi tui kehekehé.
ʻOku tau ngāue ʻaki ʻetau tauʻatāina fakalotú mo e tuí ke fokotuʻu ʻetau ngaahi tefitoʻi tuí, he ka ne taʻe-ʻoua ia, ko ha meʻa noa pē e ngaahi totonu kehe ʻa e tangatá. ʻE founga fēfē haʻatau lau ʻoku tau tui ki he tauʻatāina fakalotú kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke tau lava ʻo lea ʻaki e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku tau tui moʻoni ki aí? ʻE founga fēfē haʻatau lau ʻoku tau tui ki he tauʻatāina ke fakatahá kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke tau fakataha mo e niʻihi kehe ʻoku tau taumuʻa tataú? Te tau fakaʻaongaʻi lelei fēfē nai e tauʻatāina ʻo e ongoongó kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke tau paaki pe fakahaaʻi ko hai kitautolu?
Ko e ongoongo fakafiefiá ko e tupulaki lahi hono fakamafola ʻo e tauʻatāina fakalotú. Kuó u mātā tonu e tupulaki ko iá ʻi heʻeku moʻuí. Hangē ko e fakatātā ko ʻení, ʻi he 1948, ʻi heʻeku kei taʻu tolú, naʻe tali ʻe he Fakataha Fakalūkufua ʻo e Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá ʻa e Fanongonongo Faka-Māmani Lahi ʻo e Totonu ʻa e Tangatá, ʻa ia naʻá ne fakaʻatā [ke maʻu] ʻe he “tokotaha kotoa pē ʻa e totonu ʻo e fakakaukaú, konisēnisí mo e tui fakalotú.”3
ʻI heʻeku taʻu 21, naʻe aleaʻi ai ha talite ke fakatahatahaʻi ʻa e fanongonongo naʻe faʻu ʻe he Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá. Naʻe fakamālohia ʻe he talité—ʻa ia naʻe ʻiloa ko e Fuakava Fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻo e Totonu Fakasivilé mo e Fakapolitikalé—ʻa e fakakaukau ko ia ʻoku totonu ke maʻu ʻe he tokotaha takitaha ʻa e “tauʻatāina ke tali pe ohi mai ha tui fakalotu pe tui ʻoku loto ki aí, mo e tauʻatāina ke fakahaaʻi ʻene tui fakalotú pe tuí ʻaki ʻene moihū, tauhi, moʻui ʻaki mo akoʻi, ʻo tatau ai pē pe ʻe fai ʻiate ia pē pe fakataha mo ha niʻihi kehe pe ʻi he kakaí pe tokotaha pē.”4 Naʻe toki fakamoʻui ʻa e talité hili ha taʻu ʻe 10 mei ai, ʻi he 1976.
ʻI he 2017, naʻe kau ha ngaahi fonua ʻe 169 ki he talité—meimei ko e kotoa ia ʻo e ngaahi fonua fakalakalaka ʻi he māmaní.5 ʻOku maluʻi ʻe he Konivēsio ʻa ʻAmelika ki he Totonu ʻa e Tangatá (ko e Aleapau ʻo Seni José, Costa Rica), ʻa ia naʻe tali ʻi he taʻu 1969, pea kuo ngāue ʻaki ʻeni talu mei he 1978, ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotú ʻi ha ngaahi fonua meimei tatau.6
Naʻe poupouʻi ʻe ha ngaahi ʻuhinga mālohi e fakalakalaka naʻe hokó pea ʻoku totonu ke ne fakaʻaiʻai kitautolu ke tau ngāue mālohi ange. ʻOku fenāpasi lelei e tauʻatāina fakalotú mo e ngaahi lelei fakaʻekonōmiká, moʻui lelei ʻa e kakaí, mo ha ngaahi monūʻia mei he puleʻangá.7 Ko hono fakalukufuá, ʻoku lelei ange e moʻui faka-fāmili ʻa e niʻihi ʻoku lotú, mālohi ange e nofo-malí, siʻisiʻi ange e fakamamahí mo e fai hiá, māʻolunga ange e tuʻunga fakaakó, loto fiemālie ange ke ngāue tokoni mo foaki ki he ngaahi kautaha ngāue ʻofá, ngaahi tōʻonga ngāue lelei ange, moʻui fuoloa ange, moʻui lelei ange, lahi ange e paʻanga hū maí pea toe lelei ange e tuʻunga moʻuí mo e fiefiá.8 Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku fakamālohia e sosaietí ʻe he tauʻatāiná mo hono ngāueʻi ʻo e tui fakalotú.
Ko e Fie maʻu ke Tokanga mo Ngāue Fakatahá
Ko e meʻa pangó, ʻoku faʻa vaivai, taʻe-tokangaʻi mo ʻohofi e ngaahi maluʻi ki he tauʻatāina fakalotú. ʻOku feinga ha ngaahi ivi mālohi ke nau taʻofi ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotú neongo ʻene tupulakí—kau ai mo e ngaahi fonua naʻa nau maluʻi fefeka ia ʻi he hisitōliá. Kuo tākiekina lahi ʻe he ngaahi iví ni pe fakaʻau ke nau toe mālohi ange ʻi ha ngaahi fonua lahi. ʻE pehē ʻe ha konga lahi ʻo e māmaní ʻoku fakavalevale e faʻahinga fakafiefia ʻoku mau fai heni ʻi Palāsilá.
Ka ko hono fakaofó, ʻi he 2013, fakafuofua ki he kakai nai ʻe toko 5.5 piliona—ko e peseti ia ʻe 77 ʻo e tokolahi ʻo e māmaní—naʻe nofo ʻi ha ngaahi fonua naʻe māʻolunga pe fuʻu fefeka ai e ngaahi fakangatangata ʻo e tauʻatāina fakalotú, ʻai a ko ʻene hiki hake ia mei he peseti ʻe 68 ʻi he taʻu ʻe ono kimuʻá.9
ʻOku tala ʻe he ngaahi tafaʻaki puleʻanga fakatemokalati Fakahihifó ʻoku nau tui ki he fakakaukau ʻo e tauʻatāina fakalotú. Ka ko hoo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo e fakakaukaú te ne lava ʻo fakatupu ʻa e moveuveú. ʻOku hoko ʻa e fakamanamana ki he tauʻatāina fakalotú ʻi he taimi ʻoku feinga ai e kakai lotú pe ko ha faʻunga ke nau lea ʻaki mo fai ha meʻa—pe taʻe-lea mo taʻe-fai ha meʻa—ʻoku fakafepaki ki he ngaahi fakakaukau mo e ngaahi taumuʻa ʻa kinautolu ʻoku maʻu mafaí, kau ai mo e tokolahi ʻi he tafaʻaki fakapolitikalé. ʻOku faʻa fakafepaki e tui fakalotú ki he anga fakafonuá pea ʻoku ʻikai faʻa manakoa ai. ʻI he ʻuhinga ko iá, ʻoku faʻa fakafepakiʻi fefeka ai hono fakahoko ʻo e tauʻatāina fakalotú, ʻo aʻu pē ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku faʻa poupouʻi ai e fakakaukaú.
Kuo tupu ha ngaahi moveuveu ʻi ʻIulope mo ʻAmelika Noate mei ha ngaahi palopalema hangē ko e fakakaukau pe ʻe lava ke fili (pe ʻikai fili) ʻe he ngaahi siasí ʻenau kau faifekaú, pe ʻoku totonu nai ke tui ʻe ha taha ha ngaahi vala pe fakaʻilonga fakalotu ki heʻenau ngāué pe akó, pe ʻoku totonu ke totongi ʻe he ngaahi kautaha ngāué ʻa e fakavaha pe fakatō tama ʻenau kau ngāué, pe ʻoku totonu ke fakamalohiʻi e kakaí ke nau fai ha ngāue ʻoku ʻikai fenāpasi mo ʻenau ngaahi tuí, pe ʻoku totonu ke ʻoua ʻe tali pe taʻofi ha fakalāngilangi fakangāue pe fakaako koeʻuhí ko ha tuʻunga ʻulungaanga pe tui fakalotu, pea ʻoku fie maʻu nai ke tali ʻe he ngaahi potungāue fakalotu fakaakó ha kau ako ʻoku ʻikai ke nau tui tatau.
ʻOku fehangahangai foki ʻa Palāsila, mo hono ngaahi tui fakalotu kehekehé, mo ha ngaahi meʻa tatau, hangē ko e feinga ke tāpuni e ngaahi pisinisí ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté, ko hono tui ʻo e ngaahi teunga ʻoku fakalotú, pea mo hono maluʻi ʻo e ngaahi tukufakaholo ʻo e kakai Palāsila ʻuliʻulí. ʻOku tau houngaʻia kuo fakaleleiʻi ha konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi meʻá ni ʻo tokoni ki he tauʻatāina fakalotú. He ʻikai mahuʻinga ki he fakakaukau ʻa Palāsila fekauʻaki mo hono ngaahi faikehekehé ʻa e fokotuʻu mo e fakaleleiʻanga ʻo e ngaahi palopalema ʻoku kau ai e tauʻatāina ki he ngaahi tui fakalotú. ʻE hokohoko atu e hoko ʻa Palāsila ko ha sīpinga maama mo fakatupu ʻamanaki lelei ʻo e tauʻatāina fakalotú ki māmani ʻaki ʻenau fakaʻatā e kakai mo e ngaahi kulupu fakalotú ke nau moʻui tauʻatāina ʻaki ʻenau tuí pea ʻoua ʻe fakafepakiʻi.
ʻOku ou fakalotolahiʻi kimoutolu ke mou piki maʻu ki he ngaahi tauʻatāina kuo mou fokotuʻu ʻi ʻapí pea taukaveʻi ʻi he loto-toʻa ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotu ʻi he māmaní. ʻOku mahuʻinga fau ʻa e fiemaʻu ko ia ke maluʻi mo tauhi e tauʻatāina fakalotú—ʻi ha founga ʻoku potupotutatau mo napangapangamālie ʻokú ne maluʻi foki e ngaahi totonu mahuʻinga ʻa e niʻihi kehé.
ʻOku fiefia ʻa e Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ke tuʻu fakataha mo kimoutolu ʻi he ngāue mahuʻingá ni. Neongo ʻoku tau fakatuʻamelie atu ʻe hoko ha lelei mei heʻetau feingá, ʻe kei fie maʻu pē ke tau ngāue fakataha, koeʻuhí he ʻikai ke tau ikunaʻi tokotaha ia. ʻOku ou toe fakaongo atu e lea naʻe toki fai ʻe hoku kaungā ngāue ko ʻEletā Dallin H. Oaks ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ʻi ha fakataha naʻe meimei peheni:
“ʻOku mahuʻinga fau kiate kitautolu ʻoku tui ki he ʻOtuá pea mo e moʻoni ko ia hono fakatahaʻi ʻa e totonú mo e halá ke maluʻi ʻetau tauʻatāina fakalotu ke malanga ʻaki mo fakahaaʻi ʻetau tui ki he ʻOtuá mo e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e totonu mo e hala kuó Ne fokotuʻú. … Ko e meʻa ʻoku ou fokotuʻu atu ʻa ia ʻoku mahuʻinga ki he fāitahá mo e fengāueʻaki fakatahá ko ha tui angamaheni ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e totonu mo e fehalaaki ʻi he tōʻonga ʻa e tangatá naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe ha Tokotaha Māʻolunga. ʻOku totonu ke toe fāitaha lelei ange ʻa kinautolu kotoa pē ʻoku tui ki he ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni mahuʻinga ko iá ke tauhi mo fakamālohia ʻa e tauʻatāina ke taukapoʻi mo fakahaaʻi ha faʻahinga meʻa pē ʻi heʻetau tui fakalotú, Kuo pau ke tau ʻaʻeva fakataha ʻi he hala tatau kae lava ke tau maluʻi ʻetau tauʻatāina ko ia ke tulifua ki he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku tau loto ki aí ʻo fakatatau mo ʻetau tuí”.10
ʻE faingataʻa ʻetau ngāué pea ʻe fie maʻu ke tau tokanga maʻu pē, ka ʻoku matuʻaki mahuʻinga.
Te u fakaʻosi ʻaki ha potufolofola mei he Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá: Naʻe fakahā mai e potu folofola ko ʻení ʻi he 1835, ʻi ha taimi, neongo e ngaahi maluʻi ʻa e konisitūtoné, naʻe tuli ai ʻeku ngaahi kuí mei honau ngaahi ʻapí koeʻuhi ko ʻenau tali lelei ha meʻa naʻe hangē ki ha niʻihi ko ha tui kehe mo foʻoú. Ko ia ko ha fakamanatu ia ki hotau taimí, tautautefito ki he taimi ʻoku hoko ai e ngaahi fakangatangata ʻi he tui fakalotu ʻo e kuonga ní ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻoku nau poupouʻi e foʻi fakakaukaú kae ʻikai faʻa lava ʻo ngāue ʻakí.
ʻOku pehē ʻe heʻetau folofolá, “ʻE ʻikai lava ha puleʻanga ke nofo melino, tuku kehe ʻo kapau ʻe faʻu mo tauhi taʻe-maumauʻi ha ngaahi lao ʻa ia ʻe fakapapauʻi ki he tangata kotoa pē ʻa ʻene fakaʻaongaʻi tauʻatāina ʻa hono konisēnisí.” ʻE lava ʻe he ngaahi puleʻangá “ke taʻofi ʻa e ngaahi fai hiá, kae ʻoua naʻa [nau] teitei puleʻi ʻa e konisēnisí; [ke nau] tauteaʻi ia ʻoku halaiá, kae ʻoua naʻá [nau] teitei taʻofi fakangatangata ʻa e tauʻatāiná” (T&F 134:2, 4).
Fakatauange te tau tulifua ki he melinó, ʻaki ʻetau ngāue fakataha ke paotoloaki mo maluʻi e tauʻatāina ʻa e kakai kotoa pē ke fakataha mo fakahaaʻi ha tui fakalotu pe ha tui ʻoku nau fili ki ai, ʻo tatau ai pē pe ko e fakafoʻituitui pe kau fakataha mo ha niʻihi kehe, ʻi ʻapi pe ʻi tuʻapuleʻanga, ʻi he kakaí pe fakatāutaha, ʻi he lotu, ʻi hono tauhí, fakahokó mo hono akoʻí.