Fakamanatu e Taʻu 75 ʻo e Polokalama Uelofeá
Naʻe lahi e ngaahi lea lolotonga e Konifelenisi Lahi Fakataʻu ʻa e Siasí ʻo fekauʻaki mo hono fakamanatu ʻo e polokalama uelofea ʻa e Siasí, ʻa ia ʻe taʻu 75 he taʻú ni.
ʻI he ʻaho naʻe kamata ai ʻi he 1936, naʻe fakapapauʻi mai ʻe Palesiteni Tēvita O. Makei ʻi heʻene kei hoko ko e tokoni ʻi he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí, ʻa e faka-ʻOtua ʻo e kamataʻanga e palani uelofea ʻa e Siasí: “ʻOku fokotuʻu [ʻa e polokalama uelofeá] ʻi he fakahā fakalangi, pea ʻoku ʻikai mo ha toe meʻa ʻi he māmaní te ne lava ʻo tokangaʻi lelei hono kāingalotú.”1
Kuo aʻusia pea ʻosi atu ha taʻu ʻe fitungofulu mā nima. Kuo hoko ha ngaahi liliu fakahisitōlia ʻi he tuʻunga fakaʻekonōmika ʻo māmaní pea ʻosi atu ia. Kuo mamata ʻa e māmaní ʻi ha ngaahi liliu lahi ʻi he nofo ʻa e sosaietí mo e ʻulungāanga fakafonuá, pea kuo mātā ʻe he Siasí ha tupulaki lahi.
Ka ʻoku kei moʻoni pē he ʻahó ni ʻa e ngaahi lea naʻe lea ʻaki ʻi he ʻaho ko ia he 1936 ki hono faka-ʻOtua ʻo e palani uelofea ʻa e Siasí, ʻo hangē ko ʻene moʻoni ʻi he ʻaho ko iá.
Ngaahi Tefitoʻi Moʻoni Fakauelofeá
Naʻe aʻusia ʻe he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ha mole fakapaʻanga lahi ʻi he 1929 ʻi he tō e mahuʻinga ʻo e ngaahi pisinisí ʻi he māketí. Ne aʻu ai e tokolahi ʻo e taʻemaʻu ngāue ʻi ʻIutaá ʻi he 1932 ki he peseti ʻe 35.8.
Neongo kuo ʻosi fokotuʻu ʻe he Siasí ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni fakauelofeá, kau ai ʻa e ngaahi fale tukuʻanga koloá mo e ngaahi polokalama ke tokoni ki he kāingalotú ʻi he kumi ngāué, ka naʻe feinga ʻa e kāingalotu tokolahi ia ki he tokoni ʻa e puleʻangá.
Naʻe lea ʻa Palesiteni Hiipa J. Kalānite (1856–1945) lolotonga e taimi ko ʻení ʻo pehē, “ ʻOku ou tui ʻoku fakautuutu e anga ʻaki ʻe he kakaí ʻenau feinga ke maʻu ha meʻa mei he puleʻanga ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ka ʻoku siʻi ʻa e ʻamanaki te nau toe totongi fakafoki ia.” 2
Naʻe fie tokoni e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ki he kāingalotu naʻa nau faingataʻaʻiá kae ʻoua naʻa fakatupu ai haʻanau fakapikopiko pe pehē ʻoku ʻi ai ʻenau totonu ke maʻu mai ha meʻa taʻe te nau ngāueʻi ia. Ko e taumuʻá ke tokoniʻi e kakaí ke nau tokoniʻi pē kinautolu pea ʻoua ʻe fakafalala ki ha taha kehe.
Naʻe fakahā ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ʻi he 1933: “Kuo pau ke ʻoua naʻa ʻai ke mā ʻa hotau kāingalotu sino mālohí ʻi hano tali ʻo ha faʻahinga meʻa taʻe ngāueʻi, tuku kehe kapau ko hono ngataʻangá ia. … Kuo pau ke faʻufaʻu ʻe he kau ngāue ʻa e Siasí ʻoku nau fai ʻa e tokoní ha ngaahi founga ʻe lava ke fetongi ʻaki ai ʻe he kāingalotu sino mālohi ʻo e Siasí ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá ʻa e tokoni ko ia ʻoku nau maʻú ʻaki ha faʻahinga ngāue tokoni.”3
ʻI hono fokotuʻu ʻo e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoní pea ngāue ʻaki ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻa e tuí, naʻe ngāue ʻa e ngaahi ʻiuniti fakafoʻituitui ʻo e Siasí pea pehē ki he Siasí fakakātoa ki hono fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo ha ngaahi kalasi tuitui mo faʻo kapa e meʻakaí, fakafekauʻaki ha ngaahi ngāue ke fai, maʻu mai mo ha ngaahi faama, pea fakamamafaʻi ʻa e moʻui angatonú, fakapotopotó, mo e fakafalala pē kiate kitá.
Ko e Palani Uelofea ʻa e Siasí
ʻI hono fokotuʻu e Palani Maluʻi ʻa e Siasí (ʻa ʻē ne toe fakahingoa ko e Palani Uelofea ʻa e Siasí ʻi he 1938), naʻe ʻoange ki he kakaí ʻa e faingamālie ke ngāueʻi ʻa e tokoni naʻa nau maʻú ʻo fakatatau ki he meʻa te nau malavá. Naʻe akoʻi ʻe he palaní ʻa e kakaí ke nau “tokoniʻi” pē kinautolu kae ʻoua naʻa nau hanga ki ha ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni kehe ke maʻu tokoni mei ai.
Ko e lea ʻeni ʻa Palesiteni Kalānite ʻi he konifelenisi lahi ʻo ʻOkatopa 1936, “Ko ʻemau taumuʻá ke fokotuʻu … ha founga ke fakangata ʻaki ʻa e malaʻia ʻo e fakapikopikó, ke fakaʻauha ʻa e kovi ʻo e maʻu ʻo ha meʻa taʻe ngāueʻí, kae toe fokotuʻu ʻa e fakafalala pē kiate kitá, faʻa ngāué, fakapotopotó mo hono fakaʻapaʻapaʻi pē kitá ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo hotau kakaí. Toe fokotuʻu pē ʻa e ngāué ke hoko ko e tefitoʻi moʻoni ke ne puleʻi ʻa e moʻui ʻa e kāingalotu hotau Siasí.” 4
ʻI he ʻosi mai e ngaahi taʻú, kuo fakakau ʻa e ngaahi polokalama lahi ʻi he founga fakauelofea ʻa e Siasí: Ngaahi Tokoni Fakasōsialé (ʻoku ui ia he ʻahó ni ko e Ngaahi Tokoni ʻa e Siasí ki he Fāmilí), Ngaahi Kautaha ʻOfa ʻa e Siasí, Ngaahi Tokoni ʻOfa Fakaetangatá, mo e Tokoni Fakatuʻupakeé. Kuo faitāpuekina ʻe he ngaahi polokalama ko ʻení mo ha ngaahi polokalama kehe pē ʻa e moʻui ʻa ha lau mano, ko e kakai Siasi mo kinautolu ʻoku ʻikai Siasi.
Ko Hono Fakahoko Fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻo e Polokalamá
Naʻa mo ʻene ngata ʻa e Tōlalo Fakaʻekonōmika naʻe hoko ʻi he kamata ʻa e Tau Lahi hono II ʻa Māmaní, ko e meʻamālie hono kei malangaʻi pē ʻe Palesiteni J. Lūpeni Kalake ko e Siʻi, ko e Tokoni Ua ʻi he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí, ke kei hokohoko atu pē ʻa e polokalama uelofeá. ʻI ʻOkatopa ʻo e 1945, naʻe talanoa ai ʻa e Palesiteni ʻo ʻAmeliká ko Hale S. Tulūmani mo e Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí ko Siaosi ʻAlipate Sāmitá (1870–1951) ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e founga mo e taimi ʻe lava ke ʻave ai ʻa e ngaahi tokoni ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻi ʻIulope naʻe maumauʻi ʻi he taú. Naʻe ʻohovale ʻaupito ʻa Palesiteni Tulūmani ʻi hono talaange ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí kuo ʻosi tānaki e meʻakai mo e vala pea mo e ngaahi tokoni kehe pea kuo maau ke fakafolau atu.
Naʻe ʻalu pē taimí mo hono toe fakalahi ʻe he Siasí ʻene ngaahi nāunaú mo e ngaahi polokalama uelofeá ʻo fakakau atu ki ai e ngaahi tafaʻaki naʻe lahi ange hono fie maʻú, pea toe lahi ange mo e ngaahi feituʻu fakasiokālafi ne fakakau maí. ʻI he ngaahi taʻu ʻo e 1970, ne fakaaʻu atu ʻe he Siasí ʻene ngaahi ngāué ki Mekisikou, ʻIngilani, mo e ʻOtu Motu Pasifikí. Lolotonga e taʻu ʻe hongofulu hono hokó, naʻe hoko ʻa ʻĀsenitina, Silei, Palakuai, mo ʻUlukuai ko e ngaahi fuofua fonua mavahe mei he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ke tuʻu ai ha ngaahi senitā kumi ngāue ʻa e Siasí.
ʻI he kamata ʻa e Ngaahi Tokoni ʻOfa Fakaetangata ʻa e Siasí ʻi he 1985, ne fakaʻau ʻo toe lahi ange e ngaahi tokoni fakauelofea ʻa e Siasí ki tuʻapuleʻangá ʻi hono fakafaʻahinga ʻo e valá mo e ngaahi koloa kehe pē ke fakauta ʻo ʻave ki he ngaahi feituʻu kehekehe ʻi māmaní ko e tokoni ki he masivá mo e ngaahi fakatamaki ʻoku hokó.
ʻOku hanga mai ʻeni ha ngaahi tukupā foʻou ʻi he tupu tokolahi ʻo e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻi tuʻapuleʻangá, kae tautautefito ki he ngaahi puleʻanga kei langalanga haké, ʻa ia ʻoku feinga ʻa e polokalama uelofeá ke feau.
Ko ha Palani Naʻe Ueʻi Fakalaumālie maʻá e Kuongá Ni
ʻOku kei tatau pē ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e uelofeá he ʻahó ni—ʻa e moʻui fakafalala pē kiate kitá mo e faʻa ngāué—ʻo hangē ko e taimi naʻe fekau ai ʻe he ʻEikí kia ʻĀtama, “Te ke kai ʻa e meʻakaí ʻi he kakava ʻo ho matá” (Sēnesi 3:19).
Kuo fakahā ʻe he ʻEikí ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho kimui ní, “Pea ʻe tauhi ʻa e fale tukuʻanga koloá ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi koloa fakatapui ʻo e siasí; pea ʻe tauhi ʻa e kau uitoú mo e kau tamai mo e faʻē maté, kae ʻumaʻā foki mo e kau masivá” (T&F 83:6). Peá Ne toki fakamanatu mai, “Ka kuo pau ke fai ia ʻi heʻeku founga pē ʻaʻakú” (T&F 104:16).
ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni fakauelofeá ʻi he moʻui ʻa e kāingalotú ʻi māmani kātoa ko ha tefitoʻi moʻoni fakaʻaho ʻi he ngaahi ʻapi fakafoʻituituí.
Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā Lōpeti D. Heili ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, “ ʻOku ʻi he ngaahi ʻapí mo e loto e kakai ʻo e ʻEikí ʻa e mālohinga ʻo e Siasí pea mo e fale tukuʻanga koloa moʻoni ʻa e ʻEikí.” 5
ʻI hono fakatupulaki ʻe he niʻihi fakafoʻituituí ʻenau moʻui fakafalala pē kiate kinautoú ʻo fakafou ʻi he tui kia Sīsū Kalaisí, ʻe kei hokohoko atu pē hono fakahoko ʻo e taumuʻa ngāue lōloa ʻo e polokalamá, ʻo hangē ko hono fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻe Palesiteni Kalaké: “ke langaki ha ʻulungāanga ʻoku lelei ʻi he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí, ʻo fakatou tatau pē ʻi he kau foakí mo kinautolu ʻoku nau maʻú, ʻo fakahaofi ai ʻa e lelei taha ʻi honau lotó, pea mo ʻai ke matala mo fotu mai pea mo fua ʻa e ngaahi lelei pulipulia ʻo e laumālié, [ʻa ia ko e misiona mo e taumuʻa mo e ʻuhinga ia ʻo ʻetau kau ki he Siasí ni.”] 6
Ko e ʻaʻahi ʻa Palesiteni Tēvita O. Makei, Palesiteni Hiipa J. Kalānite, mo Palesiteni J. Lūpeni Kalake (toʻohema ki toʻomataʻu) ʻo e Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ki Uelofea Sikuea ʻi he 1940.
ʻOku fakataumuʻa e polokalama Uelofea ʻa e Siasí ke fakatupulaki ʻa e moʻui fakafalala pē kiate kitá ʻi he tui kia Sīsū Kalaisi, pe ko e taʻo mā (taupotu ki ʻolunga ʻi toʻohemá), tō kālepi (ʻolunga ʻi toʻomataʻú) pe ko e fai ha tokoni ʻi ha toe founga kehe pē.