Kau Paionia ʻi he Fonua Kotoa Pē

Ko e Talanoa ʻo Mekisikoú Mei he Moʻui Faingataʻaʻiá ki he Mālohí

Fai ʻe Sally Johnson Odekirk

Ngaahi Makasini ʻa e Siasí

ʻOku langa ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e Ngaahi ʻAho Kimuí Ni ʻi Mekisikoú ʻi honau tukufakaholo ʻo e tuí ke ʻomi ha kahaʻu lelei ki honau fonuá.

Naʻe tali e ngaahi lotú ni he ʻaho 6 ʻo Nōvema 1945, ʻi he taimi naʻe tūʻuta ai ʻa e fuofua kulupu Kāingalotu Mekisikou he Temipale Mesa ʻAlesoná ke maʻu e ngaahi ouau ʻo e temipalé ʻi heʻenau lea fakafonuá. Naʻe pehē ʻe Hōsea Kalāsia, naʻe hoko he taimi ko iá ko e palesiteni ʻo e Kolo Moniteleí, “ʻOku mau ō maí ke fai ha ngāue lahi maʻamautolu pea maʻa ʻemau ngaahi kuí. … Mahalo ne fai ʻe hamau niʻihi ha ngaahi feilaulau, ka ko ia ʻoku mau faí ʻoku ʻikai mole noa. ʻOku mau fiefia ʻi heʻemau lavaʻi iá.”¹

Naʻe molomolomuivaʻe ʻa Palesiteni Kalāsia mo kinautolu ne nau fononga ki he temipalé ʻi he kau fuofua paionia Siasi ʻi Mekisikoú, naʻa nau fai ha feilaulau tatau ki he ongoongolelei kuo toe fakafoki maí.

Ko Hono Fakatoka ʻo e Fakavaʻé

Ko Mekisikou motuʻá, ko ha fonua ʻo e ʻotu moʻunga, ngaahi toafa, vaotā, mo ha ngaahi matāfanga fakaʻofoʻofa, ko ha nofoʻanga ki ha kakai naʻa nau langa ha ngaahi temipale mo ha ngaahi kolo fakaʻofoʻofa. Naʻe langa ʻe he kakai Mekisikoú ʻi ha ngaahi senituli ha fakavaʻe mālohi ʻo e tuí mo e lotú pea kuo tokoni ia ke nau matuʻuaki e ngaahi taimi faingataʻá.

Lolotonga hono fokotuʻu ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻa e Siasí ʻi ʻIutaá, ne ngāue ʻa e kakai Mekisikoú ia ke toe fokotuʻutuʻu lelei ʻa e sosaietí, kau ai hano faʻu ha konisitūtone foʻou ke ne fakamavahevaheʻi ʻa e Siasí mo e puleʻangá. Naʻe aʻu mai ʻa e pōpoaki ʻo e ongoongoleleí ki Mekisikou ʻi he 1876 mo e ongo fuofua faifekaú, ʻa ia naʻá na ō mai mo ha ngaahi kongokonga ne ʻosi fili ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná, ʻa ia naʻá na ʻave meili ki he kau taki ʻiloa ʻo Mekisikoú. Naʻe muiaki vave atu ai mo e papitaisó.

Naʻe kaka ʻa Palesiteni Siliviano ʻAteaka, mo ha niʻihi ʻo e kau taki fakalotofonuá pea mo e ʻAposetolo ko Mōsese Fetisaá (1842–1909) he tafaʻaki moʻunga afi ko Moʻunga Popokatepé ʻi he lolotonga ha konifelenisi makehe ʻa e Siasí. Naʻe fakatapui ai ʻe ʻEletā Popokatepe ʻa e fonuá ki hono malangaʻi ʻo e ongoongoleleí.

Naʻe lotu ʻa Palesiteni ʻAteaka ʻi he konifelenisí, pea fakamatala ʻa ʻEletā Fetisā ʻo pehē: “Naʻe tafenoa e loʻimatá ʻi hono kouʻahe mingimingí, ʻi hono fakatauʻatāinaʻi hono faʻahingá mo hono kakaí. … Naʻe teʻeki ai ke u teitei fanongo ʻi ha tangata ʻe lotu fakamātoato pehē, pea neongo naʻe fai e lotú ʻi ha lea ʻoku ʻikai ke mahino kiate au, ka naʻe hangē naʻe fakamahino kiate au ʻe he Laumālié, ʻa e meʻa kotoa naʻe tautapa ki aí.”²

Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻi he taimi tatau pē ha ngaahi kolo ʻo e Siasí ʻi Mekisikou ʻi he feituʻu ko iá. Naʻe misi ʻa Tesitelia Iānesi, ko ha uitou toulekeleka ʻi he vahefonua Hitalakoó ki he kiʻi tohi tufa ʻa Paʻale B. Palati Ko ha Lea ʻo e Fakatokangá. Naʻá ne fekau ʻene tama tangatá ke ʻalu ki he Kolo Mekisikoú ʻo ʻomi ha tatau ʻo e tohi tufá, ʻa ia naʻe toki liliu pē ki he lea faka-Sipeiní. Naʻá ne kau ki he Siasí ʻi he 1880, ʻo ne hoko ai ko e fuofua fefine ke kau ki he Siasí ʻi Mekisikou.³

Talu mei he taimi ko iá mo e mālohi ʻa ha kāingalotu tokolahi ʻo e Siasí ʻi Mekisikou ʻi he ngaahi taʻu lahi ʻo e tau fakalotofonuá, fakatangá, masivá, mo e ʻikai ha fetuʻutakí.⁴

Sīpinga ʻo e Kau Paionia Faivelengá

ʻOku maʻu ha sīpinga ʻe taha ʻo e tui faivelenga ko iá ʻi he kolo Seni Petelō Malatá, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻi he 1907. Naʻe fakataha kotoa ʻa e kau fuofua mēmipá ʻi he fakatonga ʻo e Kolo Mekisikoú ʻi ha fale sima, naʻe langa ʻe ha tokotaha papi ului ko ʻŌkusitino Halō, ʻa ia naʻe ui ke ne tokangaʻi ʻa e koló. ʻI he lolotonga ʻo e ngaahi taʻu faingataʻa ʻo e Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa Mekisikoú, naʻe fakapoongi ai ha kau Mekisikou ʻe toko taha miliona, naʻe kumi hūfanga ha Kāingalotu tokolahi ʻi Seni Peteló ʻi he taimi ne hoko ai ʻa e vahefonuá ko ha malaʻe taú. Naʻe fai ʻe he Kau Fineʻofa ʻi Seni Peteloó ha tokoni ʻofa ki he kau kumi hūfanga ko ʻení.⁵

Naʻe toe tāpuekina foki ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻaki ha kau taki hangē ko Lei L. Palatí. Naʻe ui ia ko e palesiteni ʻo e Misiona Mekisikoú ʻi he 1907, pea naʻe ngāue ʻi he fatongia ko iá kae ʻoua kuo mālōlō ʻi he 1931. Naʻe saiʻia ʻi he hisitōliá, anga fakafonuá, pea mo e kakai ʻo Mekisikoú pea mo maʻu ʻenau ʻofá mo ʻenau falalá ʻi heʻenau ngāue fakataha ke fakamālohia e fakavaʻe ʻo e Siasí ʻi aí. Naʻe iku mahuʻinga e feinga ʻa Palesiteni Palati ke langa hake e kau taki faka-Siasi ʻi Mekisikoú ʻo tautautefito ʻi he 1926 he taimi naʻe kamata ai e puleʻanga Mekisikoú ke fakamālohiʻi e lao naʻe tapui ai ʻa e kakai naʻe ʻikai ʻo e fonuá ke nau tokangaʻi ha ngaahi haʻofanga lotu ʻi Mekisikou.⁶ Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe ha kulupu kāingalotu he lolotonga ʻo e taimi ko ʻení ha kulupu naʻe ui ko e Konivēsio Hono Tolú pea nau kamata ui honau kau taki mo langa ha ngaahi falelotu.

Ko e Langa ʻi he Fakavaʻé

Naʻe ui ʻa ʻAueli L. Piesi ko e palesiteni ʻo e Misiona Mekisikoú ʻi he 1942. Naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe Palesiteni Piesi ʻene taukei ʻi heʻene tupu hake ʻi Siuāuá mo ngāue fakafaifekau ʻi Mekisikoú ke tokoni ʻi he ʻofa mo e loto mahino ke fakatahaʻi ʻa e kāingalotú. Naʻe toe ngāue foki mo e kāingalotu ʻo e Konivēsio Hono Tolú ke fakaleleiʻi ʻenau ngaahi taʻe-fiemālié.

Ko e taha e taumuʻa ʻa Palesiteni Piesí ke tokoniʻi e kāingalotú ke ō ki he temipalé.⁷ Naʻe fai ha feinga ʻi he 1943 ke lava e kāingalotú ʻo maʻu e ngaahi tāpuaki ʻo e temipalé. Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā Siosefa Filitingi Sāmita (1876–1972), ne hoko he taimi ko iá ko e mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, ʻi he hili haʻane fakataha mo e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi ʻAlesona ʻi he USA, “ʻOku ʻikai ke u ʻilo ʻe au ha faʻahinga ʻuhinga ʻoku totonu ke puleʻi ai ʻe he lea faka-Pilitāniá e sēsini ʻi he temipalé.”⁸ Naʻe kole leva kia ʻEletā Anitoni R. ʻAivini ʻo e Kau Fitungofulú mo ʻEtuato Palatelasi ʻi he potungāue liliu lea ʻa e Siasí ke nau liliu ʻa e ngaahi ouau fakatemipalé ki he lea faka-Sipeiní. Naʻe kamataʻi ʻe he liliu ko ʻení ʻa e tuʻunga ke langa ai ha ngaahi temipale ʻi ha ngaahi fonua kehe.⁹

ʻI he maʻu ko ʻeni ʻo e ouau fakatemipalé ʻi he lea faka-Sipeiní he Temipale Mesa ʻAlesoná mo e ʻaʻahi ʻa e Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí ko Siaosi ʻAlipate Sāmita (1870–1951) ki Mekisikou ʻi he 1946 ke tokoni ʻi he fakatahaʻi ʻo e Kāingalotu Mekisikoú,¹⁰ naʻe kamata ke tupulaki leva ʻa e Siasí ʻi ha founga naʻe mohe misi mai pē ki ai ʻa e ngaahi toʻu tangata kimuʻá. Naʻe fokotuʻu ha ngaahi misiona mo ha ngaahi siteiki foʻou ʻi he fonuá, pea poupouʻi ʻe he ngaahi ʻapiako ʻa e Siasí ʻa e ako fakaʻatamaí.

Naʻe fakatapui ʻe he Siasí ʻi he 1964 ʻa e El Centro Escolar Benemérito de las Américas, ko ha ʻapiako naʻá ne ʻomi e ngaahi fie maʻu fakaako, fakasōsiale, mo fakalaumālie ʻa e kāingalotú ʻo aʻu ki heʻene toki hoko ko e senitā akoʻanga fakafaifekau ʻi he 2013.¹¹ ʻOku pehē ʻe Sisitā Lolena Kōmesi-ʻAlavalesi, ʻa ia naʻe ʻosi mei he ʻapiakó, “Naʻe tokoni ʻa Penemelito ke u ʻilo mo fakatupulaki hoku ngaahi talēnití pea mo maʻu ha puipuituʻa mo ha ʻilo ki he ongoongolelei kuó ne tāpuakiʻi ʻeku moʻuí. ʻE tokoni he taimí ni ki he kau faifekaú ʻi hono fakamafola ʻo e ongoongoleleí pea te ne tāpuakiʻi e moʻui ʻa e kakaí, ka ʻi ha founga kehe.”¹²

Ko ha Kuonga ʻo e Tupulaki

Naʻe hoko ʻa e konifelenisi ʻa e ʻēlia Mekisikou Sití he 1972 ko ha toe liliuʻanga ʻi he tupulaki ʻa e Siasí. Naʻe fononga mamaʻo ʻa e kāingalotú ke fanongo kia Palesiteni Hāloti B. Lī (1899–1973), mo hono ongo tokoní, kau ʻAposetolo ʻe niʻihi, mo ha kau taki kehe. Naʻe hiva ai ʻa e Kuaea ʻo e Tāpanekalé, ʻo tānaki atu ki he keinangaʻanga fakalaumālié. Naʻe kalanga ʻa e kau maʻu konifelenisí, “ʻOku mahulu atu ia ʻi he meʻa ne mau ʻamanaki ʻe lavá—ko ha konifelenisi ʻi homau fonuá tonu.”¹³

Naʻe hoko ʻa e taʻu 1970 tupú ko ha taimi ʻo e tupulaki ʻi Mekisikou. Naʻe ofi ki he kāingalotu ʻe meimei 70,000 ʻi he fonuá he 1970; ʻi he ʻosi ʻa e ngaahi taʻu ko iá kuo ofi ki he toko 250,000. Hili ha taʻu ʻe tolu mei he konifelenisi fakaʻēliá, kuo vahevahe ʻe ʻEletā Hauati W. Hanitā (1907–95) ha siteiki ʻe tolu ke fokotuʻu ai ha siteiki ʻe 15 ʻi he fakaʻosinga ʻo e uike pē ʻe taha, ʻo ui ai ha kāingalotu kei talavou Mekisikou tokolahi ke nau hoko ko e kau taki.¹⁴

Naʻe toe mafola foki ʻa e ngāue fakafaifekaú ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e taimi ko ʻení. Naʻe kamata totonu ʻa e Misiona Mekisikoú ʻi he 1879, pea ʻuluaki vaeua ʻi he 1956; ko e taimi ní ʻoku ʻi ai ha misiona ʻo Mekisikou ʻe 34.¹⁵ Ne siotonu ʻa Misa Siaosi Samola, ʻa ia naʻe hoko ko ha faifekau ʻi he Misiona Mekisikou Siti Tokelaú ʻi he 1980 tupú, ʻi he tupulaki ko ʻení. ʻOkú ne manatu ki ha feituʻu ʻi hono misioná naʻe pau ai ke fononga ʻa e kāingalotú ʻi ha houa ʻe taha ke maʻulotu; ʻoku ʻi ai ha siteiki ai he taimí ni. ʻOkú ne pehē, “ʻOku fakaofo kiate au e anga ʻo e ngāue ʻa e ʻEikí ke langa ʻa e Siasí, tatau ai pē pe ko e hā ʻa e fonuá pe anga fakafonuá.”

Mafola ʻa e Ngaahi Temipalé ʻi he Fonuá

ʻOku saiʻia ʻa e kāingalotu Mekisikoú ʻi he ngaahi ouau fakamoʻui ʻo e temipalé pea ʻoku nau fie fai ha feilaulau lahi ʻo e taimí mo e paʻangá ke lotu ai. Hili ha taʻu ʻe 100 tupu siʻi hono fakatapui ʻe ʻEletā Fetisā ʻa e fonuá ki hono malangaʻi ʻo e ongoongoleleí, kuo langa ha temipale ʻi Mekisikou Siti. Naʻe tokoni ʻa e ʻoupeni hausi he 1983 ki hono ʻomi ʻa e Siasí mei he kakapú ʻi Mekisikou ʻi he ʻaʻahi ʻa ha lauiafe ki he temipalé mo kole ha fakamatala lahi ange. ʻI ha taʻu pē ʻe 30, kuo fakatapui ha temipale kehe ʻe 11 ʻi he fonuá, pea ʻoku lolotonga langa ʻa e taha.

Naʻe tupu hake ʻa ʻIsapela Letesimā ʻi Tamipiko pea ʻokú ne manatuʻi ʻa e taimi naʻe sila ai ʻene ongomātuʻá ʻi he Temipale Mesa ʻAlesoná. ʻOkú ne pehē, “Naʻe ʻaho ʻe ua e fononga ki ʻAlesoná pea naʻe totongi mamafa. Ko e taimi naʻe fakatapui ai ʻa e Temipale Mekisikou Siti Mekisikoú, naʻe nounou ange ai e fonongá ki ha houa pē ʻe 12 ʻi ha kā. ʻI he tuʻu ko ʻeni ʻa e temipalé ʻi Tamipikó, te mau lava leva ʻo toutou ō maʻu pē.”

ʻOku pehē ʻe Limihai ʻOnitivelosi ʻa ia naʻe hoko ko e palesiteni ʻo e Temipale ʻOakisaka Mekisikoú mei he 2007 ki he 2010, “Ko kinautolu ʻoku nau maʻu ha fakamoʻoni mālohi ki he ongoongoleleí ʻoku nau kumi ha founga ke omi ai, neongo ʻa e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e mamaʻó mo e meʻa fakapaʻangá, pea ʻoku nau lau ʻa e temipalé ko ha maama ʻo e hūfangaʻanga.”

ʻOku tānaki atu ki ai ʻa Sisitā Letesimā ʻo pehē, “ʻOku mau fie maʻu ʻa e Laumālié ʻi homau ngaahi koló, pea ʻoku tokoni ʻa e ʻi ai ʻa e temipalé. Ko e taimi ʻoku ʻi ai ai haʻamau palopalemá, taimi ʻoku mau loto mamahi aí, ʻoku ofi ʻa e temipalé pea ʻoku mau maʻu ai ha nonga.”

Ko Hono Ikunaʻi ʻo e Filí

ʻOku fehangahangai ʻa e kāingalotu Mekisikoú mo e ngaahi palopalema mo e ngaahi ʻahiʻahi angamahení, ka ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi ko kinautolú mo honau kaungā Kāingalotú ko e fānau ʻa ha Tamai ʻofa; ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa mahuʻinga ʻa e tuʻunga fakaʻekonōmiká ia mo e tuʻunga fakasōsialé ki he anga ʻo ʻenau feohí.

ʻOku nofo ʻa e fāmili Menitesí ʻi ha kiʻi kolo moʻunga ofi ki ʻOasa, ʻi he fakatonga ʻo Mekisikoú. ʻOku nau pehē, “ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi palopalema ʻi he taimí, meʻa fakapaʻangá, mo e mamaʻó ka ko e loto ke fai e finangalo ʻo hotau Fakamoʻuí ʻokú ne fakaʻaiʻai kimautolu ke mau ikunaʻi ha faʻahinga meʻa pē.”

ʻOku pehē ʻe he tokotaha taʻu 15 ko Konisalo Menitesí, “Ko e taimi ʻokú ke nofo ai ʻi ha feituʻu ʻoku fakatuʻutāmakí, ʻe lava ke mātuʻaki faingataʻa ʻa e ngaahi ʻahiʻahí, ka ʻi he tokoni ʻa e lotú, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau tali ai e fakatauele ʻa e māmaní, pea ʻoku mau tuʻu ko e kau fakamoʻoni ki ha founga lelei ange ʻo e moʻuí.”

Hanganaki atu ki he Kahaʻú

Kuo ʻosi fuoloa hono fokotuʻu ʻo e ongoongoleleí ʻi Mekisikou, ka ʻoku kei ʻi ai ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku kei langalanga hake ai ʻa e Siasí. Ko e tokotaha taʻu 15 pē ko Seimi Kulusí mo hono fāmilí ʻoku nau Siasi ʻi honau kiʻi kolo he ʻotu moʻunga ki ʻolunga hake ʻi he Kolo Oasá. ʻOku ngāue mo hono kaungāmeʻa ko Konisaló ʻi he semineli ako pē ʻi ʻapí he lolotonga ʻo e uiké. Ko e Tokonaki kotoa pē ʻokú na fononga pasi ʻi ha houa ʻe ua ki he falelotu ofi tahá ki he kalasi seminelí, fakataha mo ha toʻu tupu kehe mei honau uōtí. ʻOku vahevahe ʻe Seimi ʻa e meʻa ʻokú ne ako ʻi he seminelí mo hono kaungā ako he akó mo tali ʻenau ngaahi fehuʻí. Ko e tokoua siʻi ʻo Seimi ko ʻĀlekí, ko ha tīkoni, ka ko ha taki ia ʻi hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá. ʻOku pehē ʻe ʻĀleki ko e taimi ʻokú ne kole fakalelei ange ai ke ʻoua te nau ngāue ʻaki e ngaahi lea taʻefeʻungá pe tui e ngaahi vala taʻetāú, ʻoku nau fanongo ki he meʻa ʻokú ne talaangé. ʻOku fakatou ʻiloʻi ʻe Seimi mo ʻĀleki ko e lāngilangi mo ha fatongia ke maʻu ʻa e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí. ʻOku pehē ʻe Seimi, “ʻOku ou ʻilo ʻoku foaki e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí ki he kau talavoú ke fakalāngilangiʻi ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻaki ʻenau fetokoniʻaki mo malangaʻi ʻa e ongoongoleleí.”

Naʻe feʻiloaki ʻa ʻEletā Niila L. ʻEnitasoni ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, ʻi haʻane ʻaʻahi kimuí ni ki Mekisikou, mo e toʻu tupu mei ha siteiki ʻe tolu he kolo ko Kenikuní. Naʻá ne pehē fekauʻaki mo e taimi ne feohi ai mo e toʻu tupu ko ʻení “Naʻa mau mamata ki he maama mo e ʻamanaki ʻi honau fofongá pea mo e fakaʻānaua ʻoku nau maʻú. Naʻá ku fakakaukau maʻu pē ki he kahaʻu lelei kuo maʻu ʻe Mekisikoú.”¹⁶

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

1. Henry A. Smith, “200 Lamanites Gather in History-Making Conference, Temple Sessions,” Church News, Nov. 10, 1945, 8.

2. Moses Thatcher, ʻi he Moses Thatcher Journal, 1866–1868, 54.

3. Vakai, Brittany A. Chapman and Richard E. Turley Jr., Women of Faith in the Latter Days, vol. 1, 1775–1820, 461–470.

4. Vakai, Orson Scott Card, “It’s a Young Church in … Mexico,” Ensign, Feb. 1977, 17–24.

5. Vakai, Kirk Henrichsen, “Mexican Mormon Pioneers,” ko ha fakaʻaliʻali ʻo ha tāvalivali ʻo e 2010 ʻi he Senitā Takimamata ʻo e Temipale Mekisikou Siti Mekisikoú.

6. Vakai, Gerry R. Flake, “Mormons in Mexico: The First 96 Years,” Ensign, Sept. 1972, 20–21.

7. F. LaMond Tullis, “A Shepherd to Mexico’s Saints: Arwell L. Pierce and the Third Convention,” BYU Studies vol. 37, no. 1 (1997): 127–151.

8. Vakai, Eduardo Balderas, “Northward to Mesa,” Ensign, Sept. 1972, 30.

9. Vakai, Eduardo Balderas, “Northward to Mesa,” 30–31.

10. Vakai, “The Church Moves On,” Improvement Era, July 1946, 446; John D. Giles, “Father Lehi’s Children,” Improvement Era, Sept. 1946, 556.

11. Vakai, Joseph Walker, “Missionary surge prompts LDS Church to open new MTC in Mexico,” Deseret News, Jan. 30, 2013, www.deseretnews.com.

12. Naʻe maʻu ʻa e fakamatala ko ʻení pea mo e ngaahi fakamatala hoko mai aí mei he kāingalotu ʻo onopooni e Siasí ʻi Mekisikoú ʻi ha ngaahi ʻinitaviu mo e tokotaha faʻu tohí he ʻaho 7 ʻo Fēpueli 2013.

13. ʻI he Jay M. Todd, “The Remarkable Mexico City Area Conference,” Ensign, Nov. 1972, 88.

14. Vakai, Eleanor Knowles, Howard W. Hunter (1994), 202.

15. Vakai, Don L. Searle, “One Million in Mexico,” Ensign, July 2004, 34; Kristine Miner, “The Church in Oaxaca, Mexico,” Ensign, Apr. 2001, 78.

16. Mei ha ʻinitaviu mo e Potungāue Ki he Nāunau ʻo e ʻAtā mo e Ongó, ʻEpeleli 2012.

17. Rey L. Pratt, ʻi he The Young Woman’s Journal, vol. 25, no. 9 (1914), 539.

18. Mei ha ʻinitaviu mo e tokotaha faʻu tohí he ʻaho 5 ʻo ʻEpeleli 2013.

19. Vakai, “Agricol Lozano Herrera: Mexican Mormon Church Leader,” http://mittromneymormon.net/meet-some-mormons-2/meet-some-mormons-2/agricol-lozano-herrera-mexican-mormon-church-leader.

Ko ha Kakai ʻOfaʻi ʻe he ʻEikí

“Ko hai ʻe toe veiveiua, ʻe tupu mei he fāifeinga he lolotongá ha Mekisikou maʻongoʻonga mo lelei ange. … ʻE mateuteu ʻa e hala ki hono akoʻi ʻo e Ongoongolelei moʻoní ki he kakai ʻo e fonua ko iá, ʻa e Ongoongolelei te ne ʻomai ʻa honau huhuʻí mo ʻai ke nau hoko ko ha kakai ʻofaʻi ʻo e ʻEikí.”¹⁷

Rey L. Pratt, palesiteni ʻo e Misiona Mekisikoú lolotonga ʻo e Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa Mekisikoú

Ko ha Kahaʻu Fakaofo

“Te u pehē ʻe fakaʻohovaleʻi ʻe he kahaʻu ʻo e Siasí ʻi Mekisikoú ʻa e taha kotoa, pea naʻa mo kinautolu kuo nau kau ki aí. ʻOku mātuʻaki maheni ʻa e kakai Mekisikoú mo e sōsaieti ʻoku nau nofo aí, pea ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa ai ʻoku ʻikai ke nau fie maʻu. ʻOku nau vakai ki he meʻa ʻoku ʻomai ʻe he ongoongoleleí; ʻoku nau fie maʻu ia, pea ʻoku nau loto fiemālie ke fai ha faʻahinga meʻa pē ke maʻu ia.”¹⁸

ʻEletā Daniel L. Johnson, Palesiteni ʻo e ʻĒlia Mekisikoú

ʻAkilikolo Losano Helela: ʻUluaki Palesiteni Fakasiteiki Mekisikoú

Ko ʻAkilikolo Losano Helelá ko ha mēmipa kei siʻi ia ʻo e Siasí ʻi he taimi naʻe fanongo ai ki hono poupouʻi ʻe Palesiteni Sipenisā W. Kimipolo (1895–1985), ʻi heʻene hoko ko e mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, ʻa e kāingalotu ʻi Mekisikoú ke nau ako koeʻuhí ke nau tokoni ʻi hono fakamālohia honau fonuá. Naʻe pehē leva ʻe Misa Losano ke hoko ko ha loea mo ha taukapo ki he kakai tuʻu fonua ʻo hono fonuá. Naʻe toe hoko foki ko e loea pule maʻá e Siasí ʻi Mekisikou mo hoko ko e fuofua palesiteni fakasiteiki Mekisikou, palesiteni fakamisiona, fakafofonga fakavahelahi ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, mo e palesiteni ʻo e Temipale Mekisikou Sití.¹⁹

Fakahokohoko e Ngaahi Meʻa Ne Hokó

1810: Fakahā ʻo e tauʻatāina ʻa Mekisikoú pea hoko ʻo tauʻatāina ʻi he 1821 hili ha taʻu ʻe 300 hono puleʻi ʻe Sipeiní.

1830: Pulusi e Tohi ʻa Molomoná mo fokotuʻu ʻa e Siasí ʻi Palemaila ʻi Niu ʻIoke ʻi he USA.

1846–1848: Tau ʻa Mekisikou mo ʻAmeliká; Nofoʻi ʻe he kau paionia Māmongá ʻa e Fakahihifo ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití.

1857–61: Liliu ʻe Palesiteni Penito Uālesi ʻa e puleʻanga Mekisikoú mo fokotuʻu ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotú.

1875: Liliu ha ngaahi konga ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ki he lea faka-Sipeiní mo paaki.

1876: Fononga e ongo fuofua faifekaú ki Mekisikou.

1881: Fakahoko ha konifelenisi makehe; Fakatapui ʻe he ʻAposetolo ko Mōsese Fetisaá ʻa e fonuá ki he ngāue fakafaifekaú.

1885: Fokotuʻu ha ngaahi nofoʻanga ʻo e Kau Māmongá ʻi Mekisikou.

1886: Pulusi kakato e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻi he lea faka-Sipeiní.

1889: Toʻo ʻa e kau faifekaú mei Mekisikou lotoloto.

1901: Toe kamata e malangá ʻi he feituʻu Mekisikou Sití.

1910: Kamata ʻo e Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa Mekisikoú.

1912: Hiki fononga mei he ngaahi nofoʻanga ʻo e Kau Māmongá, ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo Mekisikoú.

1913: Toʻo ʻa e kau faifekaú tupu mei he ngaahi meʻa he tau fakalotofonuá; taki ʻe palesiteni Lei L. Palati ʻa e Siasí ʻi Mekisikou ʻi ha ngaahi fetohiʻaki mo ngāue pea mo e kakai lea faka-Sipeini ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití.

1921: Toe vahe ʻa e kau faifekaú ki he feituʻu Mekisikou Sití.

1926: Iku e lau matakali ʻa e kau Mekisikoú ke tuli ai ʻa e muli kotoa pē.

1930 tupú: Pukepuke ʻe he kau taki fakalotofonuá e maʻumaʻuluta ʻa e Siasí ʻi Mekisikoú.

1945: Liliu ʻo e ouau fakatemipalé ki he lea faka-Sipeiní; kamata ʻo e ō fakatokolahi ki he Temipale Mesa ʻAlesoná.

1946: ʻAʻahi ʻa Palesiteni Siaosi ʻAlipate Sāmita ki Mekisikou.

1950 tupú: Naʻe fokotuʻu ai ha ngaahi vahefonua mo ha ngaahi kolo ʻi he meimei siteiti kotoa pē ʻi Mekisikou.

1961: Fokotuʻu ʻa e Siteiki Mekisikou Sití ʻo palesiteni ai ʻa Hāloti Palauni.

1964: Fakaava e ʻApiako Penemelitó ʻi Mekisikou Siti.

1967: Fokotuʻu e siteiki hono ua ʻi Mekisikou Sití; Ui ʻa Agrícol Lozano Herrera ko e fuofua Mekisikou ke palesiteni fakasiteiki.

1972: Konifelenisi Fakaʻēlia ʻi Mekisikou Siti.

1975: Fokotuʻu ha siteiki foʻou ʻe 12 ʻi ha ngaahi feituʻu kehekehe ʻi Mekisikou.

1983: Fakatapui ʻo e Temipale Mekisikou Sití.

1993: Tali Fakapuleʻanga ʻo e Siasí ʻi Mekisikoú.

2000: Fakatapui ha temipale iiki ʻe hiva.

2009: Ui ʻo e fuofua Kau Palesitenisī Fakaʻēlia Mekisikoú.

2013: Fakaava ʻo e senitā akoʻanga fakafaifekau ʻi Mekisikou Sití.

Ko e Tupulaki ʻa e Siasí ʻi Mekisikoú

1901: 3,000

1945: 5,099

1954: 9,210

1965: 44,473

1975: 141,768

1985: 304,915

1995: 727,410

2005: 1,043,718

2013: 1,331,946*

*Mei Sune 2013

• Ngaahi Temipalé: 12 mo e taha kuo fanongonongo ʻe tuʻu ʻi Tīuana

• Ngaahi Siteikí 222

• Ngaahi Vahefonuá: 36

• Ngaahi Uōtí mo e Koló: 2,000

• Ngaahi Misioná: 35

Naʻe ʻaʻahi ʻa Palesiteni Siaosi ʻAlipate Sāmita ki Mekisikou mo tokoni ʻi hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e kāingalotú ʻi heʻene fakaafeʻi ʻa e Konivēsio Hono Tolú.

Naʻe faʻa feilaulauʻi ʻe he fuofua kāingalotú ha meʻa lahi maʻá e ongoongoleleí.

Ko e kau ʻa e kāingalotu Mekisikoú ʻi he ngaahi ngāue tokoni fakakoló. Naʻe tokoni ʻa e kāingalotu ko ʻení ʻi hono tō ha ʻuluʻakau ʻi he 2007.

ʻOku fiefia fakataha ʻa e fānau ako semineli ʻi ʻOkasaká.

Faitaaʻi ʻe Israel Gutiérrez; ngaahi tā īkí, mei ʻolungá: faitaaʻi ʻe Craig Dimond; taá © Getty Images; taá ko e angalelei ia ʻa e Laipeli Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí; faitaaʻi ʻe Sally Johnson Odekirk; faitaaʻi ʻe Welden C. Andersen

Taá ko e angalelei ia ʻa e Laipeli Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí, tukukehe ia ʻoku fakamahinoʻi atú; Ngaahi Saliote Fakafalé, tā ʻe Gary L. Kapp; faitaaʻi ʻo e maka fakamanatu ʻo Penito Uālesí ʻe Sally Johnson Odekirk

Taá ʻi he angalelei ʻa e Laipeli Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí, tukukehe ia ʻoku fakamahinoʻi atú; tā ʻo e ngāue tokoní naʻe fai ʻe Jose Moras Sandoval, ʻikai ngofua ke hiki hano tatau; tā ʻo e temipalé naʻe fai ʻe Tamilisa Wood; tā ʻo e vāsí mei he iStockphoto/Thinkstock

Toʻohemá: faitaaʻi ʻe Welden C. Andersen, Craig Dimond, mo Israel Gutiérrez; Sātí: taá ʻi he angalelei ia ʻa e Laipeli Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí; taá © IRI; ʻolungá: tā fakatātā mei he iStockphoto/Thinkstock; laó: taá naʻe fai ʻe Daphne Junco mendez