Ko e Kau Paionia ʻi he Fonua Kotoa Pē
Fakaului mo e Liliu ʻi Sileí
Naʻe fai e fuofua papitaisó ʻi he 1956. Kuo ʻi ai ʻeni ha temipale ʻe 1 ʻa e Siasí, misiona ʻe 9, siteiki ʻe 74, mo e kāingalotu ʻe meimei toko 600,000 tupu nai ʻi Sileí.
Lolotonga e taʻu ʻe 58 ʻo honau hisitōliá, kuo fakahā ʻe he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi Sileí ʻenau malava ke liliú, liliu ʻenau moʻuí ki he fakahinohino kuo fakahaaʻi mai ʻe he kau palōfitá. Kuo tokoni ʻa e laumālie ko ʻení ki he tupulaki lahi ʻo e Siasí lolotonga e vaeuaʻi senituli kuo ʻosí. ʻI he ʻahó ni, kuo meimei aʻu ʻeni ki he toko 600,000 e kāingalotu ʻi Sileí, ʻa ia ko e toko 1 ʻi he tangataʻi fonua Silei kotoa pē ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Siasí.1
Ko e ʻAʻahi ha ʻAposetolo ki Silei
ʻI he 1851, naʻe tūʻuta atu ai ʻa ʻEletā Paʻale P. Palati (1807–1857) ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ki Valapalaiso ke fokotuʻu e Siasí. Neongo ia, ka naʻe ʻikai ke lea faka-Sipeini mo hono hoá, naʻe siʻisiʻi ʻena ngaahi koloa fakapaʻangá, pea naʻe ʻikai tauʻatāina e fonuá ʻi he tui fakalotú, ko ia ne ʻikai ke na lava ʻo fokotuʻu e Siasí.
Naʻe fokotuʻu ange ʻe ʻEletā Palati kia Palesiteni Pilikihami ʻIongi (1801–77): “ʻOku totonu ke liliu ki he lea faka-Sipeiní e Tohi ʻa Molomoná mo e ngaahi pulusinga ʻoku maʻamaʻá pea paaki, pea ʻoange ʻa e kií ki he ngaahi fonua ko ʻení lolotonga e moʻui ha Lakanga Fakataulaʻeikí pea ʻi ai mo ha meʻa ke nau lau—naʻa mo e ngaahi tohi ʻoku ʻi ai e ngaahi talaʻofa ʻa e ʻOtuá, lotu mo e tui ʻa kinautolu ʻi onoʻahó pea mo e mālohí mo e Laumālie ʻo e ʻOtuá ke ngāue mo kinautolu ʻi hono toe fakafoki mai ʻo e fale ʻo ʻIsilelí.”2
Kuo Fokotuʻu e Siasí
Neongo e feinga kimuʻa ʻa ʻEletā Palatí, ka ne laka hake he taʻu ʻe 100 pea toki fokotuʻu maʻu e Siasí ʻi Silei. ʻI he 1956, ne ʻoatu ʻa ʻEletā Siosefa Pēteli mo Vāleli ʻOloveti mei he Misiona ʻĀsenitiná ke malangaʻi e ongoongoleleí ʻi Silei, ʻa ia ʻoku nau fiefia lahi ange he taimí ni he tauʻatāina ʻo e tui fakalotú. Naʻe maʻu ʻe he ongo faifekau ko ʻeni ʻi Sanitiakó e poupou ʻa e fāmili Fotingihami, mo kāingalotu mei Panamā ne nau ʻamanaki ke haʻu e kau faifekaú.
Naʻe fakahoko ʻa e kau fuofua papitaiso ʻi Sileí ʻi he ʻaho 25 ʻo Nōvema 1956, ʻi ha vai kaukau ʻi Sanitiako. Naʻe manatu ʻa ʻEletā ʻOloveti, “Naʻa mau ō ki he fale kalapu ʻo e fonuá kimuʻa pea hopo e laʻaá pea fai ha lotu mo ha ngaahi lea nounou. Ne u hū atu ki he vaí mo Misa Kāsia; peá u tomuʻa papitaiso ia, pea hoko atu mo ha toko valu kehe ʻi hono tuʻá. Ko ha polokalama makehe ʻaupito ʻeni. He ʻikai pē ngalo e ongo naʻa mau maʻú. … ʻE hoko ʻa e kāingalotu ko ʻení ko e kau paionia ʻo e Siasí ʻi Silei pea ʻoku ou tui te nau faivelenga kotoa ʻo ʻau ki he maté: ʻa e kau Kāsiá, kau Salatanosí mo Sisitā Lanasaloti .”3
Ko hono Uiuiʻi ʻo e Kau Takí
ʻI Fēpueli ʻo e 1959, naʻe ʻaʻahi ai ʻa Sipenisā W. Kimipolo (1895–1985) ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ki Silei pea fakamamafaʻi e mahuʻinga ke fakatupulaki e kau taki fakalotofonuá. Ko e taha ʻo e kau taki fakalotofonuá ko Kālosi Siueni, ko ha tokoni ki he palesiteni fakamisioná, Lōpeti Peatoni. Naʻe fakamatala ʻa ʻEletā Suli Salamailo ʻa ia ne hoko ko ha Fitungofulu Fakaʻēlia mo ha palesiteni temipale kimui ange, ʻa ʻene aʻusia ko ʻení: Ne u fuofua ʻilo kau kia Misa Siueni ʻi hono fakaafeʻi au ki ha fakataha lakanga fakataulaʻeiki hili hoku papitaisó. ʻI he kamata ʻa e fakatahá, naʻá ne haʻu ki he tuʻunga malangá, pea ko e meʻa pē ne u sio ki aí ko hono ngeʻesi nima ʻulí. Ne u fakakaukau, ʻʻOku lava fēfē ke tataki ʻe he tangata ko ʻení e fakatahá ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo e palesiteni fakamisioná mo hono nima ʻulí?’ Naʻe kimuʻa ia peá u fanongo ki heʻene leá pea ngalo leva e meʻa kotoa ʻi heʻeku ongoʻi hono laumālié. ʻOku hoko ʻene ngaahi lea faingofuá ko ha ngaahi lea mahuʻinga kiate kimautolu. Naʻe hoko ko ha tokotaha ʻenisinia e ngaahi mīsini lalahí pea ʻi he Tokonakí naʻá ne ngāue poʻuli, pea fanofano, ka ʻi he kiʻi meʻa pē naʻe maʻu ʻi hono falekoloá naʻe ʻikai lava ai ʻo toʻo kotoa e ngakongakó. Naʻá ku ako ai ke ʻoua ʻe fakamāuʻi ʻa e kakaí fakatatau ki honau fōtungá ka ke fakamahuʻingaʻi kinautolu ʻi he tuʻunga totonu ʻoku nau ʻi aí.”4
Ko Hono Fakamālohia ʻo e Toʻu Tangata Kei Tupu Haké
Lolotonga e 1960 tupú mo e 1970 tupú, naʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi hono fakamālohia e Siasí ʻi he fakatupulaki e taukei ʻa e kau taki fakalotofonuá ka ʻi he ngaahi langa mo e polokalama ako foʻoú. ʻOku kau heni ʻa e langa ʻo e ngaahi ʻapisiasí fakataha mo hono fokotuʻu ʻo e ngaahi ako Siasí, seminelí mo e ʻinisititiutí.
ʻI Māʻasi ʻo e 1964, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻa e fuofua ako lautohi ʻa e Siasí ʻi Silei. Ko hono moʻoní naʻe fakaava mai ha ʻū ʻapiako, pea aʻu ki he toko 2,600 tupu e kau akó. ʻI he konga kimui ʻo e 1970 tupú mo e konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1980 tupú ne lahi e ngaahi ako puleʻanga ne fokotuʻú, pea fanongonongo ʻe he Siasí ʻa hono tāpuni ʻo e ngaahi ako ʻi Sileí.
Naʻe fakamatala ʻa ʻEletā ʻEtuate A. Lamateni, ko ha Fitungofulu Fakaʻēlia mālōlō pea lolotonga ʻetivaisa hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí ʻi Sileí he taimí ni ki he polokalama akó ʻo pehē, “Naʻe hoko e ngaahi ako ʻi Sielí ko ha ivi takiekina lelei ʻi he akó mo e ako fakalaumālie ʻo e kakai kei talavou ʻe lauiafe, pea ne nau tokoni ki hono teuteuʻi ʻo e kau takí mo e kau faifekaú lolotonga e ngaahi taʻu hoko maí.”5
Naʻe kamata ʻa e polokalama seminelí mo e ʻinisititiutí ʻi Silei ʻi he 1972. Naʻe fuofua kau e kau akó ʻi ha polokama ako pē ʻi ʻapi mo ha ngaahi kalasi fakauike. Naʻe fokotuʻu ha ngaahi kalasi lahi ange kimui. Naʻe tāpuekina ʻe he ngaahi polokalama ko ʻení e kakai kei talavoú ʻo e fonuá pea tokoniʻi kinautolu ke mateuteu ke ngāue fakafaifekau taimi kakato. Ko ʻEletā ʻEtuate ʻĀilá ko ha mēmipa mālōlō ʻo e Kau Fitungofulú, ko ha taha ʻo e fuofua faiako seminelí pea ngāue kimui ange ʻi he Potungāue Ako ʻa e Siasí ʻi Sileí. Naʻá ne pehē, “Naʻe fili ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e kakai kei talavou ne nau ʻi aí pea ko e tokolahi ʻo kinautolu ko e kau ʻosi ngāue fakafaifekau mo e kau takimuʻa lelei mo ha ngaahi fāmili lelei. … Kiate au, naʻe hoko ʻa e seminelí mo e ʻinisititiutí ko ha fakamoʻui lolotonga e taimi faingataʻá ʻi homau fonuá pea ʻoku ou hongaʻia ne ui au ke ngāue ʻi he potungāue akó.”6
Ko e Fuofua Siteikí
ʻI he ʻaho 19 ʻo Nōvema 1972, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe ʻEletā Kōtoni B. Hingikelī (1910–2008), naʻá ne hoko ko e mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ʻi he taimi ko iá e Siteiki Sanitiako Sileí, pea palesiteni ʻa Kālosi Sifueti.
Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe he teuteu ki he siteikí e ʻulungaanga ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻi Sileí mo ʻenau loto fiemālie ke muimui ʻi he kau palōfitá. Ne tomuʻa tūʻuta ʻa ʻEletā Hingikelī ʻi Silei ʻi ha ngaahi māhina kimuʻa ke fokotuʻu ʻa e siteikí. Ka ʻi he hili ha ngaahi ʻinitaviu ne toloi leva. ʻI he taimi ko iá, ne tokolahi ha niʻihi ne faingataʻaʻia fakapaʻanga, pea ne faingataʻaʻia ha niʻihi ʻi hono tauhi e fono ʻo e vahe hongofulú.
Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā Hingikelī, “Naʻá ku foki atu hili ha māhina ʻe ono, pea lolotonga ʻeku ʻinitaviú, ne u ʻilo kuo matala e tuí; kuo nau toe ʻaʻeva ʻeni ʻi he faitotonu he ʻao ʻo e ʻEikí, ne fokotuʻu ha siteiki, pea talu mei ai mo ʻenau tupulaki mo fakaʻofoʻofa.”7
Ko e Kau Paionia ʻi he Ngaahi Ngataʻanga Fonuá
ʻOku ʻi ai ha siteiki ʻe ua ʻi ʻAlika he ʻahó ni, ko e kolo taupotutaha ki he fakatokelau ʻo Sileí. ʻOku fakamahinoʻi ʻe he talanoa ʻo Kalātisi mo Huani Penavité, ko e ongo fuofua papi ului ʻi ʻAliká e laumālie paionia mo e ivi takiekina fakalangi ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻo e Siasí ʻi Sileí.
Naʻe fakafeʻiloaki ʻa Misa Penavite ki he Siasí ʻi he 1961 ʻi hano puhiʻi atu ha ngaahi lauʻipepa ki he feituʻu ne ʻi aí: “Ko e ngaahi peesi ia ʻo e Reader’s Digest Selections ko e fakamatala lahi kau ki he ʻKo e kau Māmongá,’ ʻo fakamatala ki heʻenau moʻuí mo e tuí,” naʻá ne pehē.
Hili ha kiʻi taimi nounou, naʻá ne puke lahi ʻaupito pea fie maʻu ke fai ha faitoʻo ki ai ʻi Sanitiako. Naʻá ne pehē, “ʻI heʻeku ʻi aí, ne u ʻaʻahi ki hoku tuofefiné pea ʻilo kuó ne hoko ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Siasí. Naʻá ne fakaafeʻi au ki ha konifelenisi makehe. ʻI heʻeku fanongo ki he lotu kamatá peá u fakakaukauloto ki he fakaleá, ne u ongoʻi fiefia lahi moʻoni peá u fakatokangaʻi e ivi takiekina ʻo e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní. ʻI he ʻosi ʻa e konifelenisí, ne ʻave au ʻe he ongo faifekaú ke lulululu mo e maʻu mafai ne ʻaʻahi maí ko ʻEletā ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni (1899–1994), naʻe ʻi he Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá he taimi ko iá.”
Naʻe foki ʻa Misa Penavite ki ʻAlika ʻo vahevahe ʻene ngaahi aʻusiá mo hono kaumeʻa ko Kalātisi ʻAkuilá ʻa ia kuo hoko he taimí ni ko hono uaifí. Hili ha ʻaho ʻe ua mei ai, ne mamata ʻa Kalātisi ki ha ongo faifekau naʻá na fakalaka hake ʻi hono ʻapí. Naʻe pehē ʻe Misa Penavite. “ʻI he ʻaho 1 ʻo Siulai 1961, ne ma papitaiso fakataha mo e fāmili hoku uaifí. ʻOku ʻi ai ʻema fānau mo e makapuna he ʻahó ni ʻi he Siasí. ʻOku ou houngaʻia ki he ʻEikí ko e matangi naʻá ne puhiʻi mai ʻa e fakamatala kau ki he Siasí ki hoku nimá.”8
Ko ha Vahaʻataimi Faingataʻa
ʻI he fili ʻo e taʻu 1970, naʻe hoko ʻa Toketā Salavatoa ʻAleni ko e palesiteni peá ne fokotuʻu ha puleʻanga Fakatahataha. Ne fekuki e kāingalotú mo e ngaahi faingataʻa he nounou e meʻatokoní mo e faitoʻó, toutou ngaohikovia e kau faifekaú, mo e ngaahi lauikoviʻi ʻi he mītiá.
ʻI he 1973, naʻe hoko e faingataʻa fakapaʻanga mo fakasōsialé ke fai ha liukava mo ha pule fakatikitato ʻo aʻu ki he 1990. Neongo ʻoku lele lelei e temokalatí ʻi Silei he ʻahó ni, ka ko e ngaahi taʻu lahi kimuʻá ko ha taimi faingataʻa ia ki he kāingalotú. Ne ʻohofi ʻe he ngaahi kulupu ne nau fakafepaki ki he pule fakatikitato ʻa e kau sōtiá e ngaahi ʻapisiasí mo e kāingalotú koeʻuhí ne nau fakakaukau ʻoku fakafofongaʻi ʻe he Siasí ʻa e puleʻanga ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā ʻAila ko ha palesiteni fakasiteiki ʻi he taimi ko iá, “Te tau lava ʻo fakataha mo e Kau Taki Māʻolungá pea te nau tala mai, ‘Kātaki, fakaʻaongaʻi e potó, faʻa lotu, fai e meʻa totonú, ke lava ʻa e kāingalotú ʻo tauhi e māú ʻi he ngaahi haʻofangá.’”9
Naʻe tupulaki vave ʻa e Siasí neongo e ngaahi faingataʻa fakapaʻanga ʻo e fonuá mo e moveuveu fakapolitikale ʻokú ne veteki e sosaieti Sileí ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1980 tupú. ʻI he 1970 ki he 1985, naʻe tupu tokolahi e kāingalotu ʻi Sileí mei he 15, 728 ki he 169, 361.
Ko e Temipale Sanitiakó
ʻI he 1980, naʻe faitāpuekina ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻi hono fanongonongo ʻe langa ha temipale ʻi Sanitiako, Sileí.
ʻI hono fakatapui ʻe Palesiteni Sipenisā W. Kimipolo e konga kelekele ʻo e temipalé, naʻá ne fuʻu toulekeleka; ka naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe heʻene ʻi aí ʻene ʻofa ki he Kāingalotu ʻi Saute ʻAmeliká, ʻa ia naʻá ne ngāue ki ai talu mei he 1959. Naʻe pehē ʻe Sisitā ʻAtiana Kuela te Sepuveta ʻi he polokalamá ʻa ia ne fakatonulea kia Sisitā Kimipoló, “ʻʻI heʻeku mamata ki he palōfitá, ko ha tokotaha siʻisiʻi ne fotu hangē ha ʻāngeló, ne kamata mokulukulu hoku loʻimatá pea ʻikai lava ke u talanoa kiate ia. Ko e fuofua taimi ia ke u ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo ha palōfita moʻui. Ko ha meʻa fakaofo ʻa e mātā e tamaioʻeiki ʻa e ʻEikí ʻi he māmaní pea ʻi hoku fonuá.”10
Naʻe fakatapui e temipalé he taʻu 1983, ʻa ia ko e fika ua ia ʻi Saute ʻAmelika pea ko e ʻuluaki ʻi ha fonua lea faka-Sipeini.
ʻEletā Sefilī R. Hōlani ʻi Silei
ʻI ʻAokosi 2002, naʻe vahe ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ha toko ua ʻo e kau mēmipa ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ke puleʻi ha ʻēlia ʻe ua: Naʻe vahe ʻa ʻEletā Tāleni H. ʻOakesi ki he ʻOtu Filipainí, mo ʻEletā Sefilī R. Hōlani ki Silei. ʻOku ʻikai fakatataua e ngāue mo e ivi takiekina ʻo ʻEletā Hōlani ʻi Sileí, pea ʻe tuʻuloa ia ʻo laui toʻu tangata.
Ko e tefitoʻi fakamamafa ʻa ʻEletā Hōlaní ke ʻomai ha sīpinga ʻo e tataki ʻi he founga ʻa e ʻEikí. Naʻá ne tokoni ke akoʻi ʻa e kau takimuʻa foʻoú pea tokangaʻi e toe fokotuʻutuʻu foʻoú, fakangatá, pea mo hono fakatahaʻi e ngaahi uooti ʻe lauiafé mo e ngaahi siteiki lahi. Naʻe fie maʻu ʻa e toe fokotuʻutuʻu foʻoú mo e akó koeʻuhí ko e tupulaki vave ʻa e Siaisí ʻi he fonuá. Naʻe tokoni ʻene takimuʻá ke fakamālohia e ngaahi ʻiunití pea teuteuʻi e Siasi ʻi Sileí ki he kahaʻú.
ʻIkai ngata aí, naʻe fai ʻe ʻEletā Hōlani ha ngaahi fakafehokotaki ʻi Silei. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe ʻEletā Kolo B. Palati ʻo e Kau Fitungofulú, ko ha tokoni ʻi he Kau Palesitenisī Fakaʻēliá e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi vā fetuʻutaki mahuʻinga ko ʻení: “Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe ʻEletā Hōlani ha vā fetuʻutaki vāofi mo Likato Lakosi [ko e palesiteni ʻo Sileí] mo hono uaifí; ne nau fai ha ngaahi ngāue tokoni ʻofa fakaetangata fakataha. Naʻe maheni ai ʻa ʻEletā Hōlani mo e Nanisiō Fakaeʻaposetoló [ko ha tokotaha māʻolunga ʻi he Katoliká] mo e niʻihi kehe mahuʻinga ʻi Silei.”11
Falala ki he Kahaʻú
Kuo langa ha fakavaʻe mālohi ʻe he ngāue ʻa ʻEletā Paʻale P. Palati mo Sefilī R. Hōlaní, ko e feilaulau ʻa e fuofua faifekau ne tūʻuta ki Sanitiakó, mateakiʻi ʻo e kau takí hangē ko Kālosi Sifuení mo e kau fuofua paionia ʻo Sileí, fakataha mo e tui mo e mateaki ʻo e lauikilu kuo nau kau ki he Siasí lolotonga e vaeuaʻi senituli kuohilí maʻá e Siasí ʻi Silei. Kuo hoko e temiplé ko ha ʻapi ki he fonuá (toe fanongonongo mo ha taha), senitā akoʻanga fakafaifekau, misiona ʻe 9 mo e ngaahi siteiki ʻe 74. ʻOku taʻe-fakangatangata ʻa e kahaʻú ʻi he ngāue fakalaumālié ʻo hono fakaafeʻi ke haʻu kotoa kia Kalaisí.
Ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi tā ʻi he fakamatala ko ʻení ko e angalelei ʻa Néstor Curbelo; toʻohemá, ʻi ʻolungá: faitā ʻa filipefrazao/iStock/Thinkstock; laló: faitā ʻa kavram/iStock/Thinkstock
Ko e kau faiako mo ʻenau kau ako kalasi fā ʻi ha ako ʻoku fakapaʻanga ʻe he Siasí ʻi Kolio A. D. Palama, ʻi he taʻu 1966 nai.
Ko e ʻinisititiuti ʻo e lēsoni fakalotú ʻi Temukó ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi ʻinisititiuti pehē ʻe 50 ʻi Sileí.
Toʻohemá: faitā ʻa Flora Decker Donaldson; laʻi tā ʻa ʻEletā Melevini J. Pālati ʻe S. W. Ecker © IRI
Ko e lea ʻa Palesiteni Kōtoni B. Hingikelī ki ha Kāingalotu Silei ʻe toko 48,000 ʻi he 1996 ʻi ha konifelenisi ʻi Sanitiako.
Ko e tānaki fakataha ʻe he toʻu tupu mo e tāutaha ʻi Sileí, ʻo e Nima Fie Tokoni ʻa e Kau Māmongá ha ngaahi nāunau haisini ke tokoni ki he mofuike ʻi he 2010.
tā fakatātā ʻa Marcelo Silva/iStock/Thinkstock