Tui Fakalotú mo e Puleʻangá
Fai ʻe ʻEletā Wilford W. Andersen
ʻO e Kau Fitungofulú
ʻOku fononga kehekehe ʻa e tui fakalotú mo e puleʻangá ka ʻoku huʻunga tatau hona halá. ʻOkú na lavameʻa mo ola lelei taha ʻi he taimi ʻokú na femaluʻiʻaki mo fepoupouaki aí.
Tā fakatātaʻi ʻo e taá ʻe David Stoker
ʻOku hangē ʻa e tui fakalotú mo e puleʻangá ko ha ongomātuʻa ʻoku faingataʻa he taimi ʻe niʻihi ke na nofo fakataha ka ʻokú na ʻiloʻi he ʻikai ke na lava ʻo nofo mavahevahé. ʻOku fakatou maʻu ʻe he tui fakalotú mo e puleʻangá ʻena takitaha tauʻatāina ke lava ʻo tupulaki, ka kuo fakahā ʻe he hisitōliá ʻoku ʻikai lelei ki ha taha ke na takitaha-maʻana ʻaupito. ʻOkú na fononga kehekehe ka ʻi he ongo hala huʻunga tatau. ʻOkú na lavameʻa mo ola lelei taha ʻi he taimi ʻokú na femaluʻiʻaki mo fepoupouaki aí.
ʻOku fakahoko ʻe he puleʻangá ha fatongia mahuʻinga ʻi he maluʻi mo pukepuke ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotú mo hono pukepuke ʻa e fatongia ʻo e ngaahi siasí ʻi he sosaietí. Meʻa mālie, he ʻoku fakaʻapaʻapaʻi ʻe he ngaahi puleʻanga lahi ʻi māmani he ʻahó ni ha ngaahi tuʻunga ʻe niʻihi ʻo e tauʻatāina fakalotú pea mo fakapapauʻi ki honau kakaí ʻa e totonu ke hū pea mo fakahoko ʻenau lotú ʻo fakatatau mo e tuʻutuʻuni ʻa honau konisēnisí. Naʻe ʻikai ke pehē maʻu ai pē.
Kuo mamata ha ngaahi toʻu tangata lahi ki he fakapōpula ʻo e mole ʻa e tauʻatāiná ʻi he taimi ʻoku fokotuʻu ai ʻe he puleʻangá ha tui fakalotu fakapuleʻangá. Kuo foua ʻe ha niʻihi ʻa e hōloa ʻo e moʻui angamaʻá ʻi hono tapui fakaʻaufuli ʻe he puleʻangá ʻa e tui fakalotú. ʻOku tau fakamālō ʻi he fakaʻau ke lahi ange ʻa e ngaahi konisitūtone ʻo e ngaahi fonua ʻi he māmani ʻo e ʻaho ní ʻoku nau sioloto ki ha sosaieti ʻe lava ke maluʻi mo tauhi ai ʻa e tui fakalotú, neongo ʻoku mavahe mei he puleʻangá, ke ʻoua ʻe fakatangaʻi.1
Ko e puleʻanga naʻe fakahā fakalangi ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ʻi he Tohi ʻa Molomoná ʻoku foaki ai ʻa e tauʻatāina ʻo e tui fakalotú mo hono fakahokó ki hono kakaí.
“Ko ʻeni, kapau naʻe loto ha tangata ke tauhi ʻa e ʻOtuá, ko hono faingamālie ia ʻoʻona; kae kehe, kapau ʻokú ne tui ki he ʻOtuá, ko hono faingamālie ia ke tauhi kiate ia; ka ʻo kapau ʻoku ʻikai te ne tui kiate ia naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha lao ke tauteaʻi ai ia. …
“He naʻe ʻi ai ha fono ke fakamāuʻi ʻa e tangatá ʻo fakatatau ki heʻenau ngaahi hiá. “Ka neongo ia, naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha lao ʻoku taʻofi ʻa e tui ʻa ha tangata” (ʻAlamā 30:9, 11).
ʻI heʻetau hoko ko ia ko e kakai tuí ʻoku totonu ke tau fakamālō ki he ngaahi maluʻi ʻa e puleʻanga ʻoku nau tuku mai ke tau tali mo fakahoko ʻetau ngaahi tui fakalotú ʻo fakatatau mo hotau lotó.
Ko e Fatongia Mahuʻinga ʻo e Tui Fakalotú
Mahalo ʻoku ʻikai fuʻu mahino ki ha niʻihi ʻoku fakahoko ʻe he tui fakalotú mo e angamaʻá ha fatongia mahuʻinga ʻi he pukepuke mo e paotoloaki ʻo e puleʻanga lelei mo lavameʻá. Ko e fakalelei pē taha ki he ngaahi palopalema faingataʻa lahi ʻoku fehangahangai mo hotau māmani ʻo e ʻaho ní ko e tuʻunga fakalaumālié, kae ʻikai ko e fakapolitikalé mo e fakaʻekonōmiká. Hangē ko ʻení, ko e laulanú, fekeʻikeʻí, mo e ngaahi hia tupu he tāufehiʻá, ko ha ngaahi palopalema fakalaumālie kinautolu, pea ʻoku taha moʻoni pē honau founga fakaleleiʻiʻangá, ko e founga fakalaumālie. Naʻe akoʻi ʻe ʻEletā Tāleni H. ʻOakesi ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá:
“Ko e lahi ʻo e ngaahi fakalakalaka mahuʻinga fakaangamaʻa ʻi he sosaieti ʻo e Hihifó kuo fakatupu ia ʻe he ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni fakalotú pea fakalotoa ke tali fakapuleʻanga ʻe he malanga mei he tuʻunga malangá. ʻOku kau ʻi hono ngaahi sīpingá ʻa hono taʻofi ʻo e fefakatauʻaki ʻo e kau pōpulá pea mo e Tuʻutuʻuni Fakafonua ʻo e Tauʻatāiná (Emancipation Proclamaiton) ʻi he [ʻIunaiteti Siteití]. Ko e meʻa tatau pē mo e ngaahi teke ʻo e Ngaahi Totonu ʻa e Tangataʻi Fonuá (Civil Rights) he taʻu ʻe nimangofulu kuo hilí.”2
ʻOku fakafalala ʻa e ngaahi sosaietí ʻi ha ngaahi meʻa lahi ki he tui fakalotú mo e ngaahi siasí ke fokotuʻu ha tuʻunga maau fakaangamaʻa. He ʻikai teitei lava ʻe he puleʻangá ke langa ha ngaahi fale-fakapōpula feʻunga ke tauhi ai ʻa e kau faihia ʻoku ʻomi ʻe ha sosaieti ʻoku ʻikai ʻi ai ʻa e angamaʻá, ʻulungaanga leleí, mo e tuí. Ko e ngaahi ʻulungāngá ni ʻoku poupouʻi lelei ange ʻaki hono tauhi ʻo e tui fakalotú ʻo laka ange ʻi ha tuʻutuʻuni fakafalealea pe fakamālohiʻi ʻe he kau polisí. ʻOku ʻikai malava ʻe ha puleʻanga ke puleʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakakaukau, ngaahi holi, pea mo e ngaahi fakaʻamu ʻoku ake mei he loto ʻo e tangatá. Ka ko e ngaahi tenga ʻeni ʻoku tupu ʻo hoko ko e ʻulungaanga kuo pau ke fakatonutonu ʻe he puleʻangá.
Naʻe tohi ʻe he fai-hisitōlia mo e tangata falealea Falanisē ko ʻĀleki Ti Tokuvilí (Alexis ti Tocqueville) ʻo pehē, “ʻE lava ʻe he pule fakaaoaó ke pule taʻe ʻi ai ha tui, pea he ʻikai ke pehē ʻa e tauʻatāiná ia.”3 Kae naʻa mo e pule fakaaoaó he ʻikai ke lava ʻo pule moʻoni taʻe kau ai ʻa e tuí. He hangē ko Polisi Ietisiní (Boris Yeltsin), ko e fuofua palesiteni ʻo e Puleʻanga Fakatahataha ʻo Lūsiá, naʻá ne pehē, “Te ke lava ʻo langa ha taloni fakatuʻi ʻaki e pēnetí, ka ʻe faingataʻa ke ke heka ai.”4
Naʻe fakafehoanaki ʻe Sīsū ʻi he Malanga he Moʻungá ʻa e fono kuo tohi ʻi he tohí mo e fono kuo tohi ʻi he lotó.
“Kuo mou fanongo naʻe pehē kiate kinautolu ʻi muʻá, ʻOua naʻá ke fakapō; pea ko ia ia ʻe fakapoó ʻe tuʻutāmaki ia ki he fakamāú:
“Ka ʻoku ou tala atu kiate kimoutolu, ko ia ʻe ʻita noa pē ki hono kāingá ʻe tuʻutāmaki ia ki he fakamāú” (Mātiu 5:21–22).
Neongo ʻoku tokangaʻi ʻe he ngaahi puleʻangá ʻa e lao kuo tohi ʻi he ngaahi tohí, ka ʻoku akoʻi mo poupouʻi ʻe he tui fakalotú ke talangofua ki he lao kuo tohi ʻi he lotó. Ko kinautolu ʻoku talangofua ki he fono kuo tohi ʻi he lotó ʻoku hāhāmolofia ke faifaiangé pea nau maumauʻi ʻa e lao kuo tohi he ngaahi tohí. Hangē ko ʻetau lau ʻi he Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá, “Ko ia ia ʻokú ne tauhi ʻa e ngaahi fono ʻa e ʻOtuá, ʻoku ʻikai ʻaonga ke ne maumauʻi ʻa e ngaahi lao ʻo e fonuá” (58:21).
Ka ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku taʻe-tokangaʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻo e lotó, he ʻikai leva ke toe lava ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni fakalaó pea mo e faʻunga pulé. ʻOku aʻusia ʻa e fefakaʻapaʻapaʻaki ʻi he sosaietí ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakahoko ai ʻe ha tokolahi ange ʻo e kakaí ʻa e meʻa ʻoku totonú he ʻoku nau tui ʻoku totonu ke nau fai pehē, kae ʻikai koeʻuhí he ʻoku fakakounaʻi kinautolu ʻe he laó pe kau polisí.
ʻOku tokangaʻi ʻe he puleʻangá ʻa e ʻulungaanga ʻo hono kakaí. ʻOku nau feinga ke ʻai kinautolu ke nau ʻulungaanga maʻa mo totonu. Ka ʻoku feinga ʻa e tui fakalotú, ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ke ʻai kinautolu ke nau holi ke ngāue ʻi ha founga taau mo maʻa. Naʻe akoʻi ʻe Palesiteni ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni (1899–1994), ko ha mēmipa ʻo e kapinetí ʻi he malumalu ʻo e Palesiteni ʻo ʻAmelika ko Tuaiti D. ʻAisenihaoá (Dwight D. Eisenhower), ʻa e meʻa mātuʻaki mahuʻinga taha ko ʻení:
“ʻOku ngāue ʻa e ʻEikí mei loto ki tuʻa. ʻOku ngāue ʻa māmani mei tuʻa ki loto. ʻE ʻave ʻe he māmaní ʻa e kakaí mei he feituʻu masivá. Ka ʻoku toʻo ʻe Kalaisi ʻa e feituʻu masivá mei he kakaí, pea nau toki toʻo ʻe kinautolu ʻa kinautolu mei he masivá. ʻOku oʻi ʻe māmani ʻa e kakaí ʻaki e liliu honau ʻātakaí. Ka ʻoku liliu ʻe Kalaisi ʻa e kakaí, pea nau toki liliu ʻe kinautolu honau ʻātakaí. ʻE ala liliu ʻe māmani e ʻulungaanga ʻo e tangatá, ka ʻe lava ʻe Kalaisi ke liliu ʻa e natula ʻo e tangatá.”5
Kuo pau ke aʻu ʻo fakafalala ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga tauʻatāina kotoa pē ʻi ha ʻosi atu ha taimi ki he ngaahi lelei mo e poupou ʻoku foaki tauʻatāina ʻe honau kau tangataʻi fonuá. Hangē ko e lau ʻa e tokotaha falealea ʻiloa mo e filōsefa fakapolitikale ko ʻEtimani Pēkí (Edmund Burke), “Naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ʻi he konisitūtone taʻengata ʻo e ngaahi meʻá, he ʻikai ke lava ʻo tauʻatāina ʻa e kakai ʻoku ʻikai nonga honau ʻatamaí. ʻOku fakatupu ʻe heʻenau ngaahi holí ʻa ʻenau pōpulá.”6
ʻI he ʻuhinga ko iá, ta ʻoku maluʻi ʻe he puleʻanga leleí ʻa e tui fakalotú mo ohi mai ʻa e tauʻatāina fakalotú. Pea ʻoku poupouʻi ʻe he tui fakalotu leleí ʻa e hoko ko e tangataʻifonua leleí pea mo e talangofua ki he lao ʻo e fonuá.
ʻOku ʻikai fie maʻu ʻa e puleʻanga leleí ke kau ki ha tafaʻaki. ʻOku ʻikai totonu ke ne ohi mai pe saiʻia ʻi ha tui fakalotu ʻe taha ʻo laka ange ʻi he tahá. Kuo pau ke tauʻatāina hono kau fakafofongá ke tui mo fakahoko ʻo fakatatau mo e tuʻutuʻuni ʻa honau konisēnisí. Ko e meʻa tatau pē, ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke poupouʻi pe fakafepakiʻi ʻe he tui fakalotu leleí ha faʻahinga faʻahi pe tokotaha ʻoku fili fakapolitikale. Pea kuo pau ke tauʻatāina ʻa e kakai ʻoku tui ki aí, mo poupouʻi ke nau kau ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikalé pea mo poupouʻi ʻa e faʻahi pe tokotaha fili ʻoku nau pehē ʻoku lelei tahá.
ʻAi ke Ongona Ho Leʻó
Neongo kuo toutou fakamahino ʻe he Siasí, ʻi hono tuʻunga ko e kautahá, hono tuʻunga tauʻatāina fakapolitikalé, ka ʻoku poupouʻi ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ke nau kau ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikalé mo kau atu honau leʻó ʻi he tālanga fakatokolahí. Ko ha konga ia ʻetau tui fakalotú ke tau hoko ko e kau tangataʻi fonua lelei ʻi ha potu pē ʻoku tau nofo ai.
ʻOku pehē ʻe he Tohi Tuʻutuʻuni Fika 2: Ko Hono Puleʻi ʻo e Siasí, “ʻOku poupouʻi ʻa e kāingalotú ke nau lēsisita ke fili, ke nau siofi fakalelei ʻa e ngaahi kaveingá mo e kau kanititeití, pea nau fili ʻi he niʻihi ʻoku nau tui te nau ngāue angatonu mo fakakaukau leleí ʻo fakatatau mo e ngaahi lao ʻo honau ngaahi puleʻanga takitaha. ʻOku ʻi ai ha fatongia makehe ʻo e Kāingalotú ke nau kumi, fili, mo poupouʻi ʻa e kau taki ʻoku faitotonu, lelei, mo fakapotopotó (vakai, T&F 98:10).”7
ʻE toe hāʻele mai ʻa e Fakamoʻuí ʻi ha ʻaho. Ko ʻEne totonu ia ʻAʻana ke pule mo angi ko e Tuʻi ʻo e ngaahi tuʻí pea mo hotau Taulaʻeiki Lahi maʻongoʻongá. Hili ia pea ʻe toki fakatahaʻi ʻo taha ʻa e tokotoko ʻo e puleʻangá pea mo e mālohi ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí.
Kuo pau ke fetākinima fakataha ʻa e tui fakalotú mo e puleʻangá ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo e tangatá—ʻo takitaha fefakaʻapaʻapaʻiʻaki ʻa e tauʻatāina takitaha, mo fefakahoungaʻiʻaki ʻa ʻena tokoni mahuʻingá.