2019
Sione, ko e Ākonga Naʻe ʻOfa ai ʻa Sīsuú
Sānuali 2019

Sione, Ko e Ākonga Naʻe ʻOfa ai ʻa Sīsuú

Fai ʻe Eric D. Huntsman

Palōfesa ki he Ngaahi Fofolola ʻo e Kuonga Muʻá, ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí

‘Oku fakamatala e ngaahi tohi ‘i he Fuakava Foʻoú ‘oku fekauʻaki mo Sione ʻOfeiná, ko ha faiako mo e sīpinga fakatouʻosi ia ki hotau tuʻunga fakaākongá.

John at the Last Supper

Toʻo mei he Ko e ʻOhomohe Fakaʻosí, tā ʻe Carl Bloch

Hili ʻa Pitá, mahalo ko Sioné ʻoku ʻiloa lelei taha ʻi he fuofua Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Ua ʻa Sīsuú. Naʻá ne nofo mo hono tokoua ko Sēmisí fakataha mo Pita ʻi ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi momeniti mahuʻinga taha ʻi he ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa e Fakamoʻuí he māmaní, pea ʻokú ne fakafekauʻaki mo e ngaahi tohi kehekehe ʻe nima ʻi he Fuakava Foʻoú.1 ʻOku fokotuʻu mai ʻene vāofi fakatāutaha mo e ʻEikí ʻi he Sione 13:23: “Pea naʻe faʻaki ki he fatafata ʻo Sīsuú ʻene ākonga ʻe toko taha, naʻe ʻofa ai ʻa Sīsuú.” ʻI he fakalau ʻa e taimí, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he tā valivali faka-Kalisitiané ʻa e tā ʻo Sioné, ko ha talavou ʻoku ʻolunga ki he uma ʻo e Fakamoʻuí. Ko e tupuʻanga ʻeni ʻo hono hingoa makehe, ko e Sione ʻOfeiná, ka ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe heʻene fakamoʻoní mo e ngāue fakafaifekaú ha ngaahi tafaʻaki ʻo e tuʻunga fakaākongá te tau lava kotoa ʻo vahevahe.

Sione, Foha ʻo Sēpetí

ʻOku ʻuhinga e hingoa faka-Hepelū ʻa Sione ko e Yohanan, “ʻOku ʻaloʻofa ʻa e ʻOtuá.” Ko e lahi taha ʻo e fakaikiiki ʻoku tau ʻilo kau kiate iá ʻoku maʻu ia mei he ʻuluaki Kosipeli ʻe tolú, ʻa ia ʻokú ne tala e talanoa ʻo e ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa e Fakamoʻuí ʻi he māmaní ʻo meimei mei he fakakaukau tatau. ʻOku nau loto taha kotoa ko Sioné ko e foha ia ʻo ha tangata toutai koloaʻia Kāleli ko Sēpeti, ʻa ia naʻe ʻi ai haʻane vaka pea naʻe lava ke ne fakangāueʻi ha kau ngāue lau ʻaho ke tokoni kiate ia mo hono ngaahi fohá ʻi heʻenau ngāué. Naʻe ngāue fakataha foki ʻa Sione mo hono tokoua ko Sēmisí, pea mo e ongo tautehina ko Pita mo ʻAniteluú, pea naʻe liʻaki kotoa ʻe he toko faá ʻenau pisinisi toutaí ʻi he taimi ne ui ai kinautolu ʻe Sīsū ke muimui kiate Ia ʻi he tuʻunga fakaākonga taimi kakató.2

Jesus calling fishermen

Christ Calling the Apostles James and John, Edward Armitage (1817–96) / Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust, UK / © Museums Sheffield / The Bridgeman Art Library International

Neongo ʻoku ʻikai toe fakamatala e Ngaahi Kosipelí kia Sēpeti, ka naʻe hoko e fāʻe ʻa Sēmisi mo Sioné ko ha muimui ʻo Sīsū, ʻi heʻene tautapa kia Sīsū koeʻuhí ko hono ongo fohá pea mo ʻene ʻi ai ʻi he Tutukí.3 Naʻe faʻa ʻiloa e faʻē ʻa Sēmisi mo Sioné ko Sālome, pea mahalo ko ha tokoua ia ʻo Mele, ko e faʻē ʻa Sīsuú, ʻo na tokoua ʻaki ʻa Sīsū pea hoko ko ha kāinga ʻo Sione Papitaiso.4

Taimi nounou pē hili hono fuofua uí, naʻe mamata tonu ʻa Sione ki he ngaahi mana mo e ngaahi akonaki lahi ʻa e ʻEikí he kuongamuʻá.5 ʻI he mamata ki he ngaahi mana ko ʻení mo fakafanongo ki he ngaahi malanga hangē ko e Malanga ʻi he Moʻungá, ʻoku ʻikai ha toe veiveiua naʻe teuteuʻi ai ʻa Sione ki he momeniti naʻe ui ai ia ʻe Sīsū ke hoko ko ha taha ʻo ʻEne Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá.6 ʻI he ngaahi fakamoʻoni makehé ni, naʻe faʻu ai ʻe Pita, Sēmisi, mo Sione ha feohiʻanga ʻo e kau ākonga vāofi ne nau ʻi ai ʻi he ngaahi taimi mahuʻinga ʻo e ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa Sīsū he māmaní:

  • ʻI hono fokotuʻu e ʻofefine ʻo Sailosí, naʻe mamata tonu ki he mālohi ʻo e ʻEikí ki he maté.7

  • ʻI he Moʻunga ʻo e Liliú, ʻa ia naʻá na mamata ai ki hono fakahā ʻa Sīsū ʻi Hono nāunaú mo fanongo ki he leʻo ʻo e Tamaí ʻoku fakamoʻoní ko Hono ʻAlo ʻa Sīsū ʻa ia naʻá Ne fiemālie lahi ki aí.8

  • ʻI he Moʻunga ʻŌlivé ʻi Heʻene kikite fakaʻosi fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi ʻaho fakaʻosí.9

  • ʻI he Ngoue ko Ketisemaní, ʻa ia naʻa nau nofo ofi ki ai ʻi he kamata ʻe he Fakamoʻuí ʻa ʻEne ngāue maʻongoʻonga ʻo e Fakaleleí.10

Hangē pē ko hono foaki ʻe Sīsū Kalaisi kia Saimone ha toe hingoa ko Kīfasi pe Pita, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻuhinga ko e “maká,” naʻá Ne foaki foki kia Sēmisi mo Sione ʻa e hingoa ko e Poaneasesi, pe “ngaahi foha ʻo e maná.”11 Koeʻuhí naʻá na fehuʻi kia Sīsū pe ʻoku totonu ke nau fekauʻi hifo ʻa e afi ki ha kiʻi kolo ʻo e kau Samēlia ʻa ia naʻa nau fakafisingaʻi Iá (vakai, Luke 9:51–56), mahalo naʻe fokotuʻu mai ʻe he hingoa fakatenetene ko ʻení naʻá na ʻita vave pe loto lahi. Ka neongo ia, ʻoku ngalingali ko e hingoá ko ha hanganaki atu ia ki he ngaahi fakamoʻoni mālohi te nau hoko ki aí, mahalo ko e hingoa ʻo Pitá naʻe ʻikai ke ne fakahaaʻi hono natula mateaki kae fefeká ka ko ʻene tuʻu maʻu mo e mālohi hili e Toetuʻu ʻa Sīsuú.12

ʻI he hā ʻa Sione ʻi he tohi ʻa Ngāué, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ia ai ko ha kaungā ngāue taʻeueʻia mo mālohi ʻo Pita. Naʻe ʻi ai ʻa Sione mo Pita ʻi heʻene fakamoʻui e tangata naʻe pipiki ʻi he temipalé, pea naʻá na malangaʻi lototoʻa fakataha ki he kau taki ʻo e kau Siú ʻi Selusalemá. Naʻe fononga fakataha e ongo ʻAposetoló ki Samēlia ke foaki e meʻafoaki ʻo e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní ki he kau Samēlia naʻe akoʻi mo papitaiso ʻe Filipé.13

Ka ʻoku ʻiloʻi lelei taha ʻi he ngaahi tohi fekauʻaki mo Sioné ko ha fakamoʻoni mālohi ia ki he fakalangi ʻo hono ʻeiki mo e kaungāmeʻa, ko Sīsū Kalaisí. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻe he ngaahi tohi ko ʻeni he Fuakava Foʻoú ʻa Sione ko ha faiako mo ha faʻifaʻitakiʻanga kiate kitautolu ʻi hotau tuʻunga fakaākongá.

Ākonga ʻOfeina

Ko e mālié, ʻoku ʻikai teitei ʻasi ʻa Sione ʻi he Kosipelí ʻa ē ʻoku pehē talu mei muʻa ko ia. ʻOku fakamatala tuʻo taha pē e Kosipeli ʻa Sioné ki he ongo foha ʻa Sēpetí, ʻi he vahe fakaʻosí, ʻa ia naʻe fetaulaki ai e toko ua ʻi he kau ākonga ʻe toko fitú pea mo e ʻEiki toetuʻú he veʻe Tahi Kālelí. Ka naʻa mo ia, naʻe ʻikai fai ha lau hingoa kiate kinaua. Ka kuo fakahā ʻe he tukufakaholó, ʻo poupouʻi ʻe he ngaahi fakamoʻoni folofola ʻi he folofola hono Fakafoki mai ʻo e ongoongoleleí,14 ko Sione ʻa e “ākonga ʻe toko taha, naʻe ʻofa ai ʻa Sīsuú” ʻa ia naʻe ʻi he ʻOhomohe Fakaʻosí, ko e Tutukí, ko e ngeʻesi fonualotó, pea mo e hā fakaʻosi ʻa Sīsū ʻi he Tahi Kālelí.15

Mahalo naʻá ne hoko foki ko e “ākonga kehe” ʻa ia naʻe muimui fakataha mo ʻAnitelū kia Sione Papitaisó pea fanongo ki heʻene fakamoʻoni ko Sīsū ʻa e Lami ʻo e ʻOtuá (vakai, Sione 1:35–40), pea ʻoku ngalingali ko ia ʻa e ākonga naʻe fakafeʻao kia Pitá hili hono puke pōpula ʻa Sīsuú mo tokoni kia Pita ke lava ʻo hū ki he fakamaauʻanga ʻa e kau taulaʻeiki lahí (vakai, Sione 18:15–16).

ʻI he Kosipeli ʻa Sioné, ʻoku fakamatalaʻi e ākonga ʻofeiná ko ha kaungāmeʻa fakatāutaha mamae ʻa e ʻEikí. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻa Sione, fakataha mo Māʻata, Lāsalosi mo Mele ʻi he Kosipeli ko ʻení ko e tokotaha naʻe ʻofa ai ʻa Sīsuú (vakai, Sione 11:3, 5). Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻi hono nofoʻanga he tēpilé lolotonga e ʻOhomohe Fakaʻosí, ʻa e fakaʻapaʻapa mo e vāofi foki.

Mahulu atu ʻi heʻene feohi fakakaungāmeʻa mo e Fakamoʻuí, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ia ʻe he ngaahi potufolofola kehe ko ha fakamoʻoni mālohi ki he ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga ne hoko ʻi he ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa Sīsuú: naʻá ne tuʻu ʻi he veʻe kolosí ke mamata ki he pekia ʻa e ʻEikí ko ha feilaulau ki he angahalá, mo mamata ki he toetuʻu ʻa e Fakamoʻuí.

ʻOku tuʻo ua e fakamatala ʻa e Kosipeli ʻa Sioné ʻoku fakatefito ia ʻi he mamata tonu ʻa e ākonga ʻofeiná mo fakamamafaʻi ange ʻoku moʻoni ʻa ʻene fakamoʻoní,16 ko ha meʻa ʻoku fenāpasi mo hono toe fakahingoa ʻe Siosefa Sāmita e Kosipelí ko e “Ko e Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sioné.”17

Ka ʻoku kei aleaʻi ʻe he kau mataotaó ʻa e ākonga ʻofeiná, pe ko e ʻAposetolo ia ko Sioné, pea kapau ko ia, ta ko ia ʻa e maʻuʻanga fakamatala ki he Kosipelí, ka ʻikai ko e tokotaha totonu naʻá ne faʻú.18 Ko e hā leva naʻe ʻikai fakahā ai hono hingoá, ʻo ʻikai fakahaaʻi fakahangatonu ko e ʻAposetolo ko Sioné? Mahalo ʻe fakakonga pē ʻa e talí koeʻuhí naʻe fakataumuʻa ʻene ngaahi aʻusiá ki he kakai tui mo e kau ākonga ʻi he kuonga kotoa pē. ʻI he ʻikai fakahā ia ke ʻiloʻí, te ne lava ʻo fakaʻatā kitautolu ke tau fakakaukauloto ki heʻene ngaahi aʻusiá, ʻo ako e founga ke ʻofa ai mo ʻofaʻi ʻe he ʻEikí pea maʻu pē ʻetau fakamoʻoní, ʻa ia ʻoku ui leva ke tau vahevahe mo e niʻihi kehé.

Ko e Ngaahi Tohi: 1, 2, mo e 3 Sioné

Hangē ko e Kosipeli ʻa Sioné, ko e ngaahi tohi ʻe tolu ne fakahingoa kia Sioné naʻe ʻikai fakahaaʻi fakahangatonu ai hono hingoá. Ka neongo ia, ko e 1 Sioné, ʻa ia ʻoku lahi ange ke hangē ha fakamatala fakatokāteline kae ʻikai ko ha tohí, ʻoku fekauʻaki vāofi ia mo e Kosipelí ʻi hono sīpinga tohí mo e ngaahi kaveingá, ʻa ia ʻoku kau ai e mahuʻinga ʻo e ʻofá mo e talaʻofá, ko e ngaahi kaveinga naʻe akoʻi ʻe he Fakamoʻuí ʻi he fakamatala ʻa Sione ki he ʻOhomohe Fakaʻosí.

ʻI hono tohi ʻosi e Kosipelí, ʻoku kamata e 1 Sioné ʻaki hono fakahā e fakamoʻoni ʻa e tokotaha faʻu tohí ki he ʻEiki ko Sīsū Kalaisí, “[‘a ia] naʻe ʻi ai talu mei he kamataʻangá, ʻa ia naʻa mau ongoʻi, pea mamata ki ai ʻaki homau matá, pea mau vakai pau ki ai, pea ala ki ai homau nimá ki he Folofola ʻo e moʻuí” (1 Sione 1:1; naʻe tānaki atu e fakamamafá). Makehe mei hono toe fakaʻaongaʻi e ngaahi lea kamata ʻo e Kosipeli ʻa Sioné, ʻoku fakamamafaʻi ʻe he tokotaha faʻu tohí ʻa ʻene fakamoʻoni mālohi, fakatāutaha, mo fakatuʻasino kia Sīsū Kalaisi, ʻa ia ko e Folofola ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻi he kakanó.

ʻOku hā mahino naʻe ʻi ai ha mavahevahe ʻi he kau Kalisitiane he kuongamuʻá, ʻa ia ko e niʻihi ne ʻuluaki fakataumuʻa ki ai e tohí, tupu mei ha kulupu naʻa nau tali e ngaahi tui hala kau ki he mavahe ʻa Sīsū mei he Siasí.19 ʻI he 1 Sioné, ʻoku ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he hoko e tokotaha faʻu tohí ko ha fakamoʻoní; ka ko ha maʻu mafai foki ia naʻe ui ke fakatonutonu e tokāteline halá mo fepaki mo e ngaahi fakamanamana ki he tuí mei he ngaahi fili ʻo Kalaisí mo e ngaahi laumālie halá (vakai, 1 Sione 2:18–27; 4:1–6). Ko hono misioná foki ke fakalotolahiʻi ʻa kinautolu naʻe kei faivelengá ʻaki hono vahevahe ha ngaahi moʻoni mahuʻingamālie fekauʻaki mo e ʻOtuá mo Kalaisi pea mo e mahuʻinga ʻo e hokohoko atu ʻi he tuí mo e angamāʻoniʻoní.

ʻI he 2 mo e 3 Sioné, ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi ia “ko e motuʻa” pea hokohoko atu ke fakamamafaʻi e mahuʻinga ʻo e ʻofá mo e talangofuá pea mo e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e kau akonaki loí mo kinautolu ʻoku nau fakafisingaʻi e mafai totonu ʻo e Siasí.20

ʻOku akoʻi mai ʻe he ngaahi tohi kotoa ʻe tolu ko ʻení ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e līʻoa kia Sīsū Kalaisi kuo fakahaaʻi maí.

Ko e Fakahaá

Mei he ngaahi tohi ʻe nima naʻe fakafekauʻaki kiate iá, ko e tohi Fakahaá pē ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi tonu ai e hingoa ʻo Sioné, ko e tokotaha naʻá ne faʻú, ʻo ʻasi tuʻo tolu ʻi he ngaahi veesi he kamatá (vakai, Fakahā 1:1, 4, 9). Makehe mei hono fakahā ko e tamaioʻeiki ia ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻoku ʻikai ʻomi ʻe he tokotaha faʻu tohí ha toe fokotuʻu ki hono lakangá pe uiuiʻí, ka naʻe tui e kau Kalisitiane tokolahi ʻi he kuongamuʻá ko Sione ia, foha ʻo Sēpetí.

ʻOku fakapapauʻi mai ʻe he Tohi ʻa Molomoná mo e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá ko e ʻAposetolo ko Sioné naʻe tuku ki ai ha fekau makehe ke ne maʻu mo hiki e ngaahi meʻa-hā-mai naʻá ne maʻú.21 Naʻe fakataumuʻa e tohi Fakahaá, ko ha tohi faingataʻa mo fonu ʻi he fakataipé, ke fakanonga mo fakafiemālieʻi e kau Kalisitiane ne faingataʻaʻia ʻi he fakatangá pe ngaahi faingataʻa ʻi he kuonga kotoa pē kae fakahaaʻi he taimi tatau e fatongia ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí ʻi he kotoa ʻo e hisitōliá.

Neongo kuo fokotuʻu mai ha ongo ʻaho kehekehe ki he taimi naʻe hiki ai ʻe Sione e tohi Fakahaá—ko ha ʻaho kimuʻa ʻi he AD 60 tupú lolotonga e pule ʻa e ʻemipola ko Neló mo ha ʻaho kimui ange ʻi he AD 90 tupú lolotonga e pule ʻa e ʻemipola ko Tomitiané—naʻe hoko fakatouʻosi ia hili e fakapoongi ʻo Pitá, ʻo hoko ai ʻa Sione ko e ʻAposetolo pule naʻe kei moʻuí.

Ka neongo ia, ko hono uiuiʻí naʻe ʻikai ko e maʻu pē mo lekooti e ngaahi meʻa-hā-mai ʻi he tohí. ʻI he taha ʻo ʻene ngaahi meʻa-hā-maí, naʻe talaange ʻe ha ʻāngelo kia Sione Fakahā ke ne toʻo ha kiʻi tohi pe takainga tohi pea kai ia. Naʻe ʻuluaki melie ia ʻi hono ngutú, pea langa ai hono keté, ʻa ia naʻe fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ko hono fakafofongaʻi hono misiona ke tokoni ke tānaki fakataha ʻa ʻIsileli ko ha konga ʻo hono fakafoki mai e ngaahi meʻa kotoa pē (vakai, Fakahā 10:9–11; Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi fuakava 77:14). Naʻe malava e misiona ko ʻení koeʻuhí ko e hokohoko atu e ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa Sioné hili hono liliu iá. Neongo e māvahevahe e kau fakaangá, he kuongamuʻá mo onopōní, fekauʻaki mo e ʻuhinga ʻo e folofola ʻa Sīsū kia Pita fekauʻaki mo e ikuʻanga ʻo Sioné ʻi he fakaʻosinga ʻo e Kosipelí (vakai, Sione 21:20–23), naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha fakahā ʻo fakapapauʻi mai ai ʻe hoko atu e ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa Sioné ko ha tokotaha kuo liliu kae ʻoua kuo foki mai e Fakamoʻuí (vakai, Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 7:1–6). ʻI hono fakalea ʻe tahá, naʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi heʻene kikiteʻi e fakaʻosinga ʻo taimí, ka ʻoku kau ʻi heʻene ngāue fakafaifekaú ʻene tokoni ke fakahoko e ngaahi kikite ko ʻení pea pehē ki hono fakamoʻoniʻi hono fakahoko e ngaahi meʻa naʻe fakahā kiate iá.

Neongo he ʻikai fakaʻeiʻeiki pehē ʻetau ngaahi ngāue fakafaifekaú, ka ʻoku akoʻi mai ʻe he sīpinga ʻa Sioné ʻoku tataki kitautolu ʻe heʻetau ʻofa kia Sīsū Kalaisí ke tau tali hotau ngaahi uiuiʻi mo e ngaahi faingataʻa ʻi he moʻuí, neongo pe ʻoku ngali kai melie he taimi ʻe niʻihi.

John and Peter at the tomb

Ko ha fakamoʻoni mālohi ki he ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga ne hoko ʻi he ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa Sīsuú, naʻe tuʻu ʻa Sione ʻi he veʻe kolosí ke mamata ki he pekia ʻa e ʻEikí, naʻe lele ki he fonualotó hili e Toetuʻú ke fakapapauʻi naʻe ʻikai ha taha ai, peá ne mamata ki he Fakamoʻui kuo toetuʻú.

Sione mo Pita ʻi he Fonualotó, tā ʻe Robert Theodore Barrett

Ko e Hoko ko e Kau Ākonga ʻOfeiná Kitautolu

Naʻe hoko ʻa Sione ko e taki ʻi he fuofua kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Ua ʻa Sīsuú, ko e taha naʻe feohi vāofi mo e Fakamoʻuí mo fakahoko ha ngaahi fatongia mahuʻinga ʻi heʻene hoko ko ʻEne fakamoʻoní, ko ha taki ʻo e Siasí, pea mo ha tangata maʻu fakahā. Ka ko e founga naʻá ne fili ke fakahaaʻi ai ia ko e ākonga ʻofeina ʻi he Kosipelí ʻokú ne fakaʻatā ia ke hoko ko ha sīpinga kiate kitautolu hono kotoa ʻi hotau tuʻunga fakaākongá. ʻOku tau ako meiate ia ʻi heʻetau hoko ko e kau muimui ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí, te tau lava ʻo mālōlō ʻi he uma ʻo ʻEne ʻofá, ʻa ia ko e ʻofa ʻoku tau fakatokangaʻi lahi taha ʻi he ngaahi ouau hangē ko ia naʻá Ne fai ʻi he ʻOhomohe Fakaʻosí. Te tau lava foki ʻo tuʻu fakataipe ʻi he veʻe kolosí, ʻo fakamoʻoniʻi naʻe pekia ʻa Sīsū maʻatautolu, pea ʻamanaki lelei ke ako maʻatautolu ʻoku moʻui ʻa e ʻEikí. Hangē ko Sioné, ʻi heʻetau hoko ko e kau ākonga ʻofeiná ko hotau uiuiʻí ke vahevahe e fakamoʻoni ko iá mo e niʻihi kehé, ʻo fakamoʻoni ki he moʻoní mo fakahoko ha uiuiʻi pē te tau maʻu kae ʻoua kuo toe hāʻele mai ʻa e ʻEikí.

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

  1. Ko e mālié, ko e tohi pē ʻa Fakahaá ʻokú ne fakamatala fakahangatonu ko Sione naʻá ne tohí (vakai, Fakahā 1:1, 4). ʻOku ʻikai fakahā ʻe ha taha ʻo e Ngaahi Kosipelí, kau ai ʻa Sione, pe ko hai naʻá ne tohí. Ka neongo ia, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he tukufakaholo faka-Kalisitiane he kuongamuʻá ʻa e ākonga ʻofeina ʻi he Kosipeli ʻa Sioné mo e ʻAposetolo ʻi he hingoa ko iá. Ke maʻu ha fealēleaʻaki ʻi he fakamoʻoní, fealēleaʻaki ʻa e kau mataotaó, mo e ngaahi fakakaukau ʻi he Fakafoki mai ʻo e ongoongoleleí fekauʻaki mo e meʻá ni, vakai ki he fakamatala fika 17. ʻOku pehē mo e tohi ʻa 1 Sioné, ʻoku ʻikai teitei fakahaaʻi e tokotaha naʻá ne hikí, ka ʻoku fakafehokotaki ʻe hono sīpinga tohí mo e kaveingá pea mo e Kosipeli ʻa Sioné. ʻOku fakamatala e tohi 2 mo e 3 Sioné ki he “ko e motuʻá,” ka naʻe fakafehokotaki kinaua ʻe he tukufakaholo faka-Kalisitiane he kuongamuʻá pea mo e tokotaha naʻá ne tohi e Sioné mo e 1 Sioné.

  2. Vakai, Maʻake 1:19–20; vakai foki, Mātiu 4:21–22; Luke 5:10–11. ʻOku lototaha e kau mataotao tokolahi naʻe ʻuluaki hiki e tohi ʻa Maʻaké, ʻi ha vahaʻataimi he konga loto ʻo e AD 60 tupú pea hiki e tohi ʻa Mātiu mo Luké ʻi ha vahaʻataimi ʻi he AD 70 tupú pe konga kimuʻa ʻo e AD 80 tupú. Ko hono olá, ʻoku ʻuluaki fakaʻatā ʻe he ngaahi fakamoʻoni laukonga mei he tohi ʻa Maʻaké ke tau vakai ki he founga naʻe fakalahi pe liliu ai ʻe Mātiu mo Luke ʻa e fakamatala kimuʻá.

  3. Neongo ʻoku lekooti ʻe he Maʻake 10:35–37 naʻe kole ʻe Sēmisi mo Sione ke na nofo ʻi he tafaʻaki toʻomataʻu mo toʻohema ʻo Sīsuú ʻi Hono puleʻangá, ʻoku tānaki mai ʻe he Mātiu 20:20–21 naʻe haʻu moʻoni e kole ko ʻení mei heʻena faʻeé. Ki ha fakamatala ki heʻene ʻi he Tutukí pea kimui ange ʻi he ngeʻesi fonualotó, vakai, Maʻake 15:40; 16:1–8; vakai foki, Mātiu 27:55–56; Luke 23:49, 55; 24:1–10; mo e Sione 19:25.

  4. Ke maʻu ha fakamatala lahi ange ki he ngaahi fakafehokotaki ko ʻeni kia Sālomé, pehē foki ki ha puipuituʻa lahi ange ʻi he fāmili mo e pisinisi toutai ʻa Sēpetí, vakai, R. Alan Culpepper, John, the Son of Zebedee: The Life of a Legend (2000), 7–23.

  5. Vakai, Maʻake 1:21–31, 40–45; 2:1–12; 3:1–6; vakai foki, Mātiu 8:1–4; 9:1–8; 12:9–14; Luke 4:33–39; 5:12–15, 17–26; 6:6–11.

  6. Ke maʻu e Malanga ʻi he Moʻungá, vakai, Mātiu 5–7. Ke maʻu e uiuiʻi ʻa Sione mo e kau fuofua ʻAposetolo kehé, vakai, Maʻake 3:13–19; vakai foki, Mātiu 10:2–4; Luke 6:13–16.

  7. Vakai, Maʻake 5:37; vakai foki, Mātiu 9:23–26; Luke 8:51, neongo ʻoku ʻikai fakamatala hingoa ʻa Mātiu kia Pita, Sēmisi, mo Sione.

  8. Vakai, Maʻake 9:2–10; vakai foki, Mātiu 17:1–8; Luke 9:28–36.

  9. Vakai, Maʻake 13:3–37.

  10. Vakai, Maʻake 14:32–34; vakai foki, Mātiu 26:36–38.

  11. Vakai, Maʻake 3:17. ʻOku mahino ko e Poaneasesí ko ha liliu faka-Kalisi ia ʻo e faka-Alamea bene regesh pe r’m, ʻoku ʻuhinga ko e “ngaahi foha ʻo e maná.”

  12. Vakai, Culpepper, John, the Son of Zebedee, 38–40, 50.

  13. Vakai, Ngāue 3:1–11; 4:1–21; 8:14–17.

  14. Vakai, Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 7; 77; 88:141.

  15. Vakai, Sione 13:23; 19:26, 34–35; 20:2–10; 21:1–14, 20–25; vakai foki, Culpepper, John, the Son of Zebedee, 57–69.

  16. Vakai, Sione 19:35; 21:24–25; vakai foki, Sione 20:30–31.

  17. Vakai, Joseph Smith’s New Translation of the Bible: Original Manuscripts, edited by Scott H. Faulring, Kent P. Jackson, and Robert J. Matthews (2004), 234.

  18. Ki ha ngaahi sīpinga ʻo e ngaahi fealēleaʻaki ʻa e kau mataotaó fekauʻaki mo e tuʻunga ʻo e ākonga ʻofeiná, vakai, Culpepper, John, the Son of Zebedee, 72–85, and Raymond E. Brown, An Introduction to the Gospel of John, edited by Francis J. Moloney (2003), 189–99. Ki he ʻAposetolo ko Sioné ʻi heʻene hoko ko ha maʻuʻanga fakamatala pe tokotaha naʻá ne hiki e Kosipeli ʻa Sioné, vakai, Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, Eric D. Huntsman, and Thomas A. Wayment, Jesus Christ and the World of the New Testament (2006), 126–27, and my own recent treatment in “The Gospel of John” in New Testament History, Culture, and Society (2018), ed. Lincoln Blumell.

  19. Vakai, Raymond E. Brown, The Epistles of John (The Anchor Bible, vol. 30 [1982]), 49–55, 71.

  20. Vakai, Culpepper, John, the Son of Zebedee, 90–95, and Holzapfel, Huntsman, and Wayment, Jesus Christ and the World of the New Testament, 274–77.

  21. Vakai, Holzapfel, Huntsman, and Wayment, Jesus Christ and the World of the New Testament, 281–82, pea tautautefito ki he 1 Nīfai 14:18–27; ʻEta 4:16; mo e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 7:1–3; 77.