Ko e Kau Paionia ʻi he Fonua Kotoa Pē
Ko e Siasí ʻi Palāsila Kuo Faifai Pea Aʻusia e Kahaʻú
ʻOku hoko ʻa Palāsila ʻi hono lahi ʻo e fonuá mo e tokolahi hono kakaí, ko e fonua fika nima lahi taha ia ʻi he māmaní. Ka ʻi he taʻu ʻe 100 kuohilí, naʻe tokosiʻi pē hono kakaí, pea maʻu faingamālie ha tokosiʻi ʻi hono mahu fakanatulá: ko ha ʻea fakatalopika, fonua tuʻumālie, pea lahi ai e makakoloá mo e vaí.
Naʻe saiʻia ʻa Mākisi mo ʻAmelia Saafi ʻi Palāsila ʻo na loto ke na nofo ai. Naʻá na kau ki he Siasí ʻi Siamane ʻi he 1908 peá na hiki ki Palāsila ʻi Māʻasi ʻo e 1913. ʻI heʻena hoko ko e fuofua kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke nofo ʻi Palāsilá, naʻá na fiefia ke nofo ʻi ha fonua ʻoku lahi hono ngaahi faingamālié. Ka naʻe teʻeki ai ke fokotuʻu ʻa e Siasí ʻi ʻAmelika Saute, pea naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻe Mākisi mo ʻAmelia ʻena ongoʻi taʻelata ʻi he ʻikai ha faingamālie ke ʻalu ki he lotú mo feohi mo ha kāingalotu kehé.1
Hili ha taʻu ʻe 10 ʻena ʻi Palāsilá, ne ʻilo ʻe Mākisi mo ʻAmelia Saafi ʻoku ʻi ai ha mēmipa faivelenga ʻe taha ko ʻAkosita Lūpeti, naʻe hiki mai mei Siamane ʻi he 1923 mo ʻene fānau ʻe toko fā mo hono husepāniti ne teʻeki Siasí ki he siteiti fakatonga ʻo Palāsila ko Sanitā Kataliná. Naʻe hiki leva e fāmili Sāfí ki Sanitā Katalina ke ofi ki he fāmili Lūpetí.
Hili ha taʻu ʻe ua mei ai naʻe fakaava e Misiona ʻAmelika Sauté ʻi Puenosi ʻAealesi ʻi ʻĀsenitina. Naʻe ueʻi fakalaumālie e palesiteni fakamisiona hono uá, ko K. B. Leiniholo Situfi mei Siamané ke fokotuʻu e Siasí ʻi he fakatonga ʻo Palāsilá ʻoku ʻi ai ha kakai tokolahi ne hikifonua mei Siamane. Naʻá ne vahe ha ongo faifekau ʻi he 1928, ko Viliami Feleti Haini mo ʻĒmili A. J. Sinilā ki Soinivila, ko ha kolo ʻoku tokolahi ai e kau hikifonua mei Siamané. Naʻe ʻaʻahi mai ʻa Palesiteni Situfi ʻi he 1930, ki he fāmili Sāfí mo e fāmili Lūpetí ʻo fokotuʻu ha kolo ʻo e siasí, ʻa ia ne lava ai e ongo fāmilí ʻo maʻu lotu fakataha mo maʻu ai e sākalamēnití.
Kuo hoko ha liliu lahi ʻi he taʻu ʻe 100 kuohilí. Kimuʻa pea tūʻuta mai e fāmili Sāfí ʻi he 1913, ne ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha kāingalotu ʻi Palāsila, ʻikai ha kau faifekau, pea ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha houalotu ʻa e Siasí. ʻI he ʻaho ní ʻoku laka hake he kāingalotu ʻe lauimiliona ʻoku nofo ʻi Palāsila, ʻo hoko ai ko e fonua fika tolu ʻoku ʻi ai e kāingalotu toko lahi taha ʻo e Siasí (mavahe mei he ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo Mekisikou). ʻOku ʻi ai ʻeni ha faiʻanga lotu ʻa e Siasí ʻi he ngaahi siteiti mo e ngaahi kolo lalahi kotoa ʻo Palāsilá. ʻOku fiefia e hako ʻo Mākisi mo ʻAmeliá ʻi he tāpuaki ʻo ha Siasi mālohi mo longomoʻui fakataha mo hano hisitōlia makehe mo fakaʻofoʻofa.
Tupu ʻo Hangē ha Fuʻu ʻOké
Naʻe fakahoko ʻe ʻEletā Melevini J. Palāti (1873–1939) ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ha kikite ʻi ʻĀsenitina he 1926 ʻo ne pehē ʻe tupu māmālie pē ʻa e vahefonuá ka ʻe ʻi ai ʻa e ʻaho ʻe mālohi ai. Naʻá ne kikiteʻi ʻo pehē: “ʻE māmālie pē e tupu e ngāue ʻa e ʻEikí ʻi ha taimi ʻi heni ʻo hangē pē ko e tupu māmālie ʻa e fuʻu ʻoké mei he tengaʻi ʻoké. He ʻikai ke vave ʻene tupú ʻo hangē ko e siolaʻá ʻo tupu vave pē pea toe mate.”2
Ne tokosiʻi pē ha niʻihi ne kau mai ki he Siasí ʻi he ngaahi fuofua taʻu ʻo e Misiona Palāsilá, ʻa ia naʻe fakaava ʻi he 1935. Naʻe meimei ke ngāue ʻaki pē ʻe he Siasí e lea faka-Siamané ʻo aʻu ki he 1940, mo hono toki liliu e lea fakapuleʻanga ʻa e fonuá ki he lea faka-Potukalí. Ne tokolahi ha kau faifekau ne nau ngāue ʻi he ngaahi kolo lahi ʻi he fonuá naʻe fie maʻu ke nau mavahe mei he fonuá ʻi he Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono Uá. Ne toe foki mai e kau faifekaú ʻi he hili ʻa e taú, pea toe kamata leva e ngāué.
Ne tokolahi ha kau talavou mo ha kau finemui ne nau kau ki he siasí ʻi he kolo ʻo Kemipiná ʻi he siteiti ko Sā Pauló, pea naʻa nau tuʻu maʻu mo faivelenga. Ko e taha ʻo e kau fuofua kāingalotu ko iá ko ʻAtonio Kālosi Kamako. Naʻá ne kau kei siʻi mai ki he siasí ʻi he 1947, pea fai kaumeʻa mo mali mo ha mēmipa ʻo e Siasí, pea ʻi he 1954 naʻá ne ako ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí pea ako kimui ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo ʻIutā. Naʻe foki leva mo hono uaifí ki Palāsila ʻi he 1963 ki haʻane ngāue mo ha kautaha tupenu pea naʻá ne ʻohovale ʻi he tupulaki ʻa e Siasí. ʻI heʻena mavahe ʻi he 1954, naʻe siʻisiʻi pē e ngaahi kolo ʻo e siasí, ne tokangaʻi pē ʻe ha kau faifekau ʻAmelika. Ka ʻi he taʻu ʻe hiva naʻá na mavahe aí, kuo meimei aʻu ʻo toko 16,000 e kakai Palāsila ne kau mai ki he Siasí, kau ai ha ngaahi fāmili kei talavou ne nau malava ke maʻu ha tuʻunga fakatakimuʻa mālohi mo ha tukupā ke faivelenga. Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻAtonio, “Ko ha ngaahi laumālie maʻongoʻongo mo anga fakaʻeiʻeiki ne fili ʻe he ʻEikí mei heni ʻi Sā Pauló.”3
ʻI he 1966, hili ha taʻu ʻe 31 mei hono fakaava ʻo e Misiona Palāsilá, naʻe fokotuʻu leva ʻi Sā Paulo e fuofua siteiki ʻi ʻAmelika Sauté. Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe ʻEletā Sipenisā W. Kimipolo (1895–1985), ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, ʻa e siteikí ʻo palesiteni ʻa Uolotā Sipati pea tokoni ua ki ai ʻa ʻAtonio.
Ko ha niʻihi tokosiʻi pē ʻo e kau taki foʻoú kuo nau mamata ʻi ha siteiki ʻoku lolotonga ngāue. Ka naʻe teuteuʻi ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa ʻAtonio, ʻa ia naʻe ʻi ai haʻane aʻusia mahuʻinga ʻi he Siasí ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití pea naʻá ne lava ke tokoni ki he kau palesitenisī fakasiteikí. Mei he tuʻunga fakatakimuʻa ʻo e ngaahi uooti mo e kolo ʻo e siasí ʻi he ʻuluaki siteiki ko iá ne maʻu ai ha kau taki ki ha ngaahi siteki kehekehe. Ne ongo ʻenau tākiekiná ʻi hono kotoa ʻo e fonuá ʻi he kamata ke vave ange hono fokotuʻu ʻo e ngaahi siteikí.
Ko ha Taimi ʻo e Tupulakí
Ko e taha e ngaahi fakahā fakatuʻupakē ne hoko ai ha tupu lahi ange ʻa e Siasí ʻi Palāsilá: ko hono langa ʻo ha temipale. Naʻe ʻilo ʻe he kāingalotú e mahuʻinga ʻo e ngaahi temipalé, ka ko e tokolahi taha ʻo kinautolú ko e sio pē ʻi ha ngaahi tā ʻo e temipalé. Ko e ngaahi temipale ofi tahá ʻa ē ʻoku ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ʻoku maile ʻe lauafe hono mamaʻó. Ne ʻaʻahi ʻa Palesiteni Kimipolo ki Palāsila ʻi Māʻasi ʻo e 1975 pea naʻá ne fakahā ʻi ha konifelenisi fakavahelahi ʻa hono langa ʻo ha temipale ʻi Sā Paulo. Ne ʻi ai ha fuʻu vēkeveke mo ha feilaulau lahi fakapaʻanga ʻo lava ke ʻosi ʻi he 1978. Ne tokoni e kāingalotú ʻaki ʻenau ngaahi foakí ke totongi hono langa ʻo e temipalé. Ne tokolahi ha kakai ne fakatau ʻenau kaá, siuelí, mo e kelekelé ke maʻu ai ha paʻanga ke fai ʻaki ʻenau foakí.
Naʻe ʻuluaki maʻu e fakahā ko ia ʻi Sune kau ki he lakanga fakataulaʻeikí pea toki fakatapui e temipalé ʻi ʻOkatopa mo Nōvema ʻo e 1978 (vakai, Fanongonongo Fakamafaiʻi 2). ʻOku ʻuhinga e fakahā ko ʻeni ʻe lava ke kau e kau mēmipa kotoa pē ʻi Palāsila ʻoku tāú ki he ouau fakatapui mo hono tāpuakiʻi ʻo e temipalé.
Ko e fakahā ko ia ki he lakanga fakataulaʻeikí mo hono fakatapui ʻo e temipalé ʻa e meʻa naʻá ne fakatupu e lavameʻa lahi taha ʻo e ngāue fakafaifekaú kuo hoko ʻi he Siasí: ko e kau mai ki he Siasí ha kau Palāsila ʻe toko 700,000 tupu ʻi he taʻu ʻe uofulu hono hokó.
Naʻe toe ʻi ai mo ha ngaahi meʻa kehe naʻe hoko ai e tupulaki ko ʻení. Ne fou atu e fonuá ʻi ha ngaahi liliu fakapolitikale mo fakasōsiale mahuʻinga ʻo hoko ai e tupulaki ko iá. Ne tokolahi ha kakai Palāsila ne hiki ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻi koló ʻo nau tali lelei ange ai e ngaahi lotu foʻoú. ʻI he taimi tatau, naʻe kole ʻe Palesiteni Kimipolo ki he kau palesiteni fakasiteikí ke fokotuʻu haʻanau taumuʻa ke fakatokolahi e toʻu tupu Palāsila ʻe ō ʻo ngāue fakafaifekaú. Ne vave ʻaupito e laka hake he vaeua ʻo e kau faifekau ʻoku ngāue ʻi Palāsilá, ko e kakai tuʻufonua pē ʻo Palāsila. Ne hoko kimui e kau faifekau ne ʻosi ngāue fakafaifekaú ko ha kau taki fakalotofonua ia ʻo e Siasí.
Ka naʻe ʻi ai ha faingataʻa ʻi he tupu tokolahi ʻa e Siasí: ko e ʻikai ke fuʻu taukei e kāingalotú. Neongo ia, naʻe hoko e faingataʻa ko ʻení ko ha meʻa lelei: naʻe fie maʻu ai ha tui ʻoku lahi ange mo ha tataki fakalaumālie ʻi he kāingalotú. Hangē ko ʻení, ʻi Nōvema ʻo e 1992 ne fokotuʻu ha siteiki ʻi ʻUlukaiana, ʻi he tafaʻaki fakahihifo ʻo Palāsilá, ʻo mamaʻo ia mei he ngaahi siteiki ne ʻosi fokotuʻu ʻe he Siasí. ʻI hono ui ha mēmipa fuoloa mo faivelenga ʻo e Siasí ko Hōsea Kenitito Felila tosi Sanitosi ke hoko ko ha pēteliake ʻo e siteiki foʻoú, naʻá ne kiʻi hohaʻa. Naʻá ne fakamatalaʻi ki he Taki Māʻolungá ʻo pehē: “He ʻikai ke u lava ʻo hoko ko ha pēteliake. ʻOku ʻikai ke u ʻiloʻi pe ko e meʻa fēfē ia. ʻOku ʻikai pē ke u manatuʻi ʻe au haʻaku feʻiloaki mo ha pēteliake pea ʻoku teʻeki ai ke maʻu hoku tāpuaki fakapēteliaké.” Naʻe fokotuʻu ange leva ʻe he Taki Māʻolungá e meʻa ke faí. ʻOku ʻi ai ha pēteliake foʻou ko Lui ʻAtonio Tavila ʻi he kolo hoko mai ko ʻAleketí, naʻe toki ui foʻou pē pea ʻoku na ʻi he tuʻunga tatau pē. ʻE fie maʻu ke hanga ʻe he ongo pēteliaké ʻo fefoakiʻaki hona tāpuaki fakapēteliaké.
ʻI hono maʻu ʻe Misa Sanitosi hono tāpuaki fakapēteliaké meia Misa Tavilá, naʻá ne ofo ʻi heʻene fanongo ki he ngaahi tāpuaki ne tuku mai ʻo kau ki hono kuohilí mo e ngaahi fie maʻu fakatāutaha naʻe ʻikai ha ʻilo ki ai ʻa e pēteliaké. ʻI he taimi ne tuku ai ʻe Misa Sanitosi e tāpuakí ki he ʻulu ʻo Misa Tavilá, ne toe tafe e loʻimatá ʻi he hoko ʻa e meʻa tataú. Ne fefāʻofuaʻaki e ongo tangatá ʻaki ha mahino lahi ange ki he meʻa ne toki hokó.4 Pea hangē pē ko hono ueʻi fakalaumālie kinaua ke foaki hona ʻuluaki tāpuaki fakapēteliaké, naʻe ueʻi fakalaumālie kinaua ʻi heʻena foaki ha ngaahi tāpuaki lahi ange ʻe laungeau. Naʻe hanga ʻe he ʻEikí ʻo foaki ha ngaahi tāpuaki fakalaumālie lahi pehē ʻi ha fonua ʻoku aʻusia ai ʻe he Siasí ha taukei ʻoku fakangatangatá.
Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaako Tuʻumaʻú
Ko e pole ʻe tahá ko e siʻisiʻi e ako ʻa e kāingalotú. ʻI he faʻa foki mai ʻa e kau faifekaú ki ʻapi, ne nau mateuteu fakalaumālie kae siʻisiʻi e ako ke maʻu ai ha ngāue ʻoku feʻungá. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe Leinolo Paleto, ko ha palesiteni fakasiteiki ʻi Sā Paulo, “Ko ha meʻa faingataʻa moʻoni ke maʻu ha ngāue. Ne mole e ʻamanaki lelei ʻa ha kau faifekau tokolahi ki ha fakalakalaká, ʻo aʻu ki he mole ʻa e mālohi fakalaumālie ne nau maʻu ʻi he ngāue fakafaifekaú.” Ko e akó pē ʻa e kī ki hono ikunaʻi e faingataʻa ko ʻení.
Kuo hanga ʻe hono fokotuʻu ʻe Palesiteni Kōtoni B. Hingikelī (1910–2008) ʻi he 2001 e Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaako Tuʻumaʻú ʻo tāpuekina ha kau faifekau Palāsila ʻe lauafe ne ʻosi ngāue fakafaifekau. ʻOku nau maʻu ai ha faingamālie ako, ʻo maʻu ai haʻanau ngāue lelei ange. ʻOku lava e kāingalotú ʻo tokoniʻi lelei ange honau fāmilí pea toe hoko atu ʻenau akó ki ha tuʻunga māʻolunga ange. Naʻe pehē ʻe Palesiteni Paleto, ʻa ia naʻá ne tokangaʻi e polokalama PTFT ʻi Palāsilá, “Ko ha tāpuaki ke sio ki he kau mēmipa kei talavoú ʻoku ʻosi ʻenau akó pea maʻu ha ngāue lelei, ka ko e ola lelei ʻo e polokalamá ko e sio ki he tupulaki ʻenau falala pē kiate kinautolú. ʻOku nau maʻu ha ʻamanaki lelei lahi ange.”5
Kāingalotu Mateaki
Ko e mālohinga ʻo e Siasí ʻi Palāsilá ʻoku ʻikai ko e tokolahi ʻo e kāingalotú ka ko ʻenau mateakiʻi e ongoongoleleí. Hangē ko ʻení, Ko Kelesoni Pisilaní, ko ha tangata pule mālōlō he kautaha vakapuna, ne ʻoange kiate ia ha ngāue ʻoku ngali faingataʻa ka te ne maʻu ai ha paʻanga lahi: ko ʻene tokoni ke langa ha malaʻevakapuna foʻou ʻi Palāsila. ʻI he taimi tatau, naʻe ui ia mo hono uaifi ko Meliamé ke na tokangaʻi e Misiona Palāsila Palāsiliá. Ne ʻikai ha toe fehuʻia ki he meʻa ke faí. Talu mei hona papitaiso heʻena kei siʻí, mo hono fakatapui ʻena moʻuí ki he Siasí. Kimuʻa heʻena malí, naʻe ui ʻa Misa Pisilani ke hoko ko ha palesiteni fakakolo. Naʻe ui ia ke hoko ko ha palesiteni fakasiteiki ʻi hono taʻu 25 pea naʻá ne tali mo ha ngaahi uiuiʻi lahi kehe, kau ai e Fitungofulu Faka-ʻĒlia. Ne ngāue ʻa Sisitā Pisilani ia ʻi he Fineʻofa ʻa e siteikí mo e uōtí, ngaahi uiuiʻi ʻi he Kau Finemuí, mo e Palaimelí. Naʻá ne fakahaaʻi ʻene ongo kau ki he ngaahi tāpuaki ʻo e ongoongoleleí: “Kuo mohu tāpuekina ʻeku moʻuí koeʻuhí he ne u feinga ke tauhi e ngaahi fekaú. ʻOku ou maʻu ha tāpuaki mei he fekau kotoa pē ʻoku ou tauhí.”6
Hili ʻena ngāue fakafaifekau ʻi Palāsiliá, naʻe ʻikai ke hoko ʻena palani ke nofo hifo ʻi ʻapí koeʻuhi ko ha ui ke na hoko ko ha palesiteni taimi nounou ʻi he Misiona Kemipinasi Palāsilá. Hili haʻana mālōlō ʻi ha ngaahi māhina siʻi, naʻá na tali ha ui ʻi he 2013 ke hoko ko e palesiteni mo e metuloni ʻo e Temipale Lesifi Palāsilá. Naʻe toki uí ni e taha ʻo e kau faifekau naʻá ne papitaiso ʻa Misa Pisilaní mo hono uaifí ke ngāue ʻi he Temipale Lesifí, ʻo ngāue fakataha ai ʻa e faifekaú mo e papi uluí.
ʻOku fakaʻofoʻofa e sīpinga ʻa e fāmili Pisilaní ʻi heʻena tukuange e ngaahi faingamālie fakangāué ke ngāue maʻá e ʻEikí ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa ia ʻoku foʻou ki he kāingalotu faivelenga ʻi Palāsilá.
Kuo hoko ha ngaahi liliu lelei ʻi he taʻu ʻe 100 talu mei he tūʻuta ʻa e fāmili Sāfí ʻi Palāsilá ka ʻoku toe ʻi ai pē ha ngaahi meʻa ne ʻikai ke lelei. Neongo ia, naʻe ʻikai pē ke toe fakaveiveiua hono fakahā ʻe he kau palōfita ne nau ʻaʻahi ki he fonuá ʻa ʻenau tui ki he kahaʻu ʻo e fonuá. ʻOku hoko e ngaahi kikite ko iá ʻi he hoko ʻa Palāsila ko e taki ʻi he tuʻunga fakalakalaka mo tupulaki fakaʻekonōmika ʻi he māmaní. ʻOku fakatou utu ʻe he hako totonu ʻo e fāmili Sāfí mo kinautolu ne muimui ʻi heʻenau sīpinga ʻi he ongoongoleleí ʻa e ngaahi lelei ʻo e ngāue mālohi mo e faʻa kātaki ʻo e ngaahi ngāue ko ia kimuʻa ki hono tō e tenga ʻo e ongoongoleleí. Kuo hoko mo e konga hono ua ʻo e kikite naʻe fai ʻe ʻEletā Melevini J. Pālati ʻi he 1926: “ʻE lauiafe ha kakai ʻe kau ki he Siasí ʻi hení. ʻE laka hake ʻi he misiona ʻe taha ʻe vahevahe ki aí pea ʻe hoko ia ko e mālohi taha ʻi he Siasí.”
Tupulaki ʻa e Siasí ʻi Palāsilá
|
148 |
1935 |
|
216 |
1938 |
|
536 |
1948 |
|
1,454 |
1958 |
|
31,635 |
1968 |
|
54,410 |
1978 |
|
265,286 |
1988 |
|
703,210 |
1998 |
|
1,060,556 |
2008 |
|
1,239,166 |
2013 |