Kamatataakin te Islam
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Te ka 19-n tienture ni maebora are e kaota tamnein Kaaba i Mecca, te kaawa are e bungiaki iai Muhammad n aban te Islam.
Ibukina aika a raoiroi ao aika a buakaka e kuri akea te bong teuana ae e na aki nako iai te Islam ao te Muslima n atuun rongorongo. N ataakina raoi ,a mwaiti aika tiaki kaain te Muslims—n ikotaki ma Aika Itiaki ni Boong aika Kaitira—a kan ataia, ao riki a raraoma. Iai bwaai aika ti katitebooaki iai ma raora aika kaain te Muslim? Ti kona ni maeka ao ni kaai ni mwakuri?
Te Moan, tabeua rongorongoia rimoa a kona n ibuobuoki:
Imwin maten te tia Kamaiu AD 610, te mwaane inuukan ana ririki ae te tia bobwai ae arana Muhammad e tamarake nako taubukin te maunga n ana kaawa ae Mecca bwa e na iango ao n tataro ibukin mangangaon aro ake a katobibia. Imwiina, e ribootinna bwa e karekea te mii are e weteia bwa e na riki bwa te burabeti nakoia ana aomata. Aio ngkanne are e a mwakena moan waakin te aro ae kinaaki ae te Islam (iss-LAAM), te taeka are nanona, “anga” (nakon te Atua). Are e kakoaua te Islam e aranaki bwa te Muslim (MUSS-lim), nanona “te tia anganano.”
Imwiin anne, Muhammad e taku bwa e karekei kaotioti aika a mwaiti ni karokoa matena e kaniia 25 te ririki imwiina. E moan tibwaia ma ngaia kaain ana kaawa, kauring n te motikitaeka mai karawa are e na roko, tuangiia naake a ongora bwa a rairinanoia ao n akoia aine ake akea buuia, ataei ake akea aia karo, ao kainnano, ao ni kabwarabwara nakon te aonaaba mangautiia mate ao ana motikitaeka te Atua n tokin te tai.
E ngae n anne, bwainingareaia ao bwainikirinakiia ngaia ma naake a iriria e a rikirake ni korakora ngaia are a birinako nakon te kaawa ae Medina, kaanga inanon aua te bong’ n toka iaon te kamero nako meang.
Ikekei, nakoan Muhammad e waekoa ni bitaki.1 Man nakoana n riki bwa te tia kabwarabwara ao te tia kauring, e riki bwa te tia anga tua; tia moti, ao te tia kairiiri n te tautaeka ni kaawan Arabia ao riki imwiina, n Tabokekeen Aban Arabia. Man moan tein te komiuniti irouia taan kakoaua n te aro aei kinaakin te aro e wakaa inanon te tua ao n tokina te motikitaeka are e tiku ibuakon anuana ae korakora ni karokoa taai aikai.
Uoua mwakoro aika a kakaawaki ake a otirake ibuakoia taan iriira Muhammad imwiin matena inanon AD 632, are e a bwenaua iaon te titiraki are antai ae e na oneamwiina irouia ana aomata n te aro n Islam.2 Te kabanea ni bubura are e otinako man aei a araniia bwa te Sunni (e taekinaki bwa ira te sunna, ke a karaoa katein Muhammad are kaireke te tokanikai iai). Are teuana, are e ikawai rake irarikin Muhammad are natin buuna, ‘Ali, e aranaki bwa shi‘at ‘Ali (mwakoron ‘Ali) ao ngkai e a rang ni kinaaki bwa te Shi‘a. Tiaki n aroia te Sunnis, the Shi‘a (kinaaki bwa Shi‘ite ke Shi‘i Muslims) a kakoaua bwa te inaomata n oneamwiin Muhammad bwa te mataniwi n te komiuniti tao bon ana bwai ana koraki ni kaan te burabeti ae Muhammad ae te mwaane, ‘Ali, ao ana taan bwaibwai.
N aki tarai nakobuaka aikai, ana aonaaba te Islam e a tia n rang katiteuanaaki, n taetae iaon te aro, nakoia Kiritian. Riki, inanon tabeua tienture imwiin tao AD 800, e rikirake kauntaekan te Islam bwa e a bon rang raka aron wanawanaia n te aonaaba n te rabakau iaon te tiaienti, bwainaoraki, numera, ao biraotiobii.
Booki ibukin ana Reirei te Muslim ao Mwakuriana
Te kaotioti are e karekei Muhammad a ikotaki inanon te boki ae aranaki bwa Koran (e nako man te weabe n te taetae n Arabia ae qara’a, “ni warekia” ke “ni kamamate nanoa”) inanon tebwina te ririki ke man matena aika uoua. Iai manna aika114 mwakorona, te Koran tiaki karakinan Muhammad. N aekan raoi Reirei ao Berita aika a Tabu, tiaki te karaki raoi; Muslims a aranna bwa ana taeka (ao taeka) te Atua ake e angan Muhammad.3
Kiritian ake a warekia a kunei botoniango aika a tia ni kaitibo ma ngaia. E taekina, n te katoto, ana karikibwai te Atua n te aonaaba inanon itiua te bong. Kamaekaia Atam ao Ewa n te Onaroka are i Eten, kaririakiia iroun te riaboro, bwakaia, ao weteakiia burabeti temanna imwiin temanna (angiina ake a nooraki naba n te Baibara). Burabeti aikai a kabwarabwaraaki inanon te Koran bwa muslims, ake a tia n anga nanoia nakon ana kantaninga te Atua.
Aberaam, e kabwarabwaraki bwa raoraon te Atua, ao tabeman riki aika a kakannato n te koroboki.4 (Ibuakon bwaai riki ake tabeua, e kakoauaki bwa e a tia ni karekei kaotioti ake e korei ma akanne ake a tia ni bua.5) Mote, Bwarao, ao Otinakoia tibun Iteraera a koreaki naba n te koroboki.
Ae rang ataaki, Maria, tinan Iesu, e taekinaki 34 te tai n te Koran, ni kabotauaki ma 19 te tai n te Nu Tetemanti. (Neiei, ni koauana, ti ngaia te aine ae mwaneweaki n te Koran.)
Teuana are e teimatoa n toki man te Koran bon ana reirei te tawhid (taw-HEED), te taeka are e kona n rairaki bwa te “monotheism” ke, nanonaki riki, bwa “karikan teuana.” E tei ibukin teuana ana reirei ae kakaawaki te Islam, are bon iai te aomata ae te anuan n aomata ae kain karawa. “E aki kariki, ma bon natin temanna,” e kabwarabwara te Qur’an, “ao akea ae aekakina”6 Tera are e rimwiin aei bon moan te kakaawaki ae onoti imarenan te Islam ao te aro ni Kiritian: Kaain te Muslim a aki kakoaua Iesu Kristo bwa te Atua ke te Tamnei ae Raoiroi. E kabwarabwara bwa, ngkai aomata ni kabane a bane ni karikaki iroun te Atua, ni kaineti ma ana reirei te Islam tiaki ngaira Natina.
Ma Muslim a kakoaua Iesu bwa e a tia n riki bwa ana burabeti te Atua ae akea ana bure, e bungiaki iroun te kibono are Nei Maria ao tokin kawaina are e karaoia bwa e na karaoa te tibwanga ae kakaawaki ni waaki ni boong aika kaitira. E taekinaki n tainako ao e karineaki n te Koraan.
Ana Reirei aika Bebete te Muslim ao Waaki aika Kakaraoi
Te bwai ae e aranaki bwa “Nimaua ana Boua n reirei Islam”—ni kabanean uarereken taekana tiaki n te Koran ma n aia kabwarabwara n aia katei nakon Muhammad—e katei reirein te Islam aika beebete:
1. Koaua
Ngkana ana koaua te Islam n te aonaaba, bon te shahada (sha-HAD-ah), “n ana mwakuri te onimaki,” ke “koaua.” Te taeka aio e kaineti nakon ana waaki Arabia, rairaki, biri n iraki: “I kakoaua bwa akea te atua ma te Atua [Allah] ao bwa Muhammad bon ana Tia Uarongorongo te Atua.” Te shahada bon te kawai n rinnako inanon te Islam. Ni kamatenanoa ni kakoaua n riki bwa te Muslim.
Te taeka are titebo raoi ma Atua bon Allah. Uarereken te taeka ae al- (“te”) ao ilah (“god”), bon tiaki te ara raoi ma te nakoa, ao e kaan nakon te taetae n Ebera Elohim.
Ngkai akea ana nakoanibonga te aro n Islam, akea aia otenanti te nakoanibonga. Ke bon akea riki teuana ana “ekaretia.” Ma, kakaotan te shahada bon, ae ataaki, e katiteboa te Islam ma te bwabetito. Ibukin kabwakan ngkai n teina, katiteuanaaki, tein ana kairiiri n te aonaaba iai rotakina tabeua. Te katoto, akea te tia kairiiri iaon n ana aonaaba te Muslim, akea ae e kona n taetae ibukin te komiuniti ae bwanin. (Muhammad e aranaki n te aonaaba bwa te kabanea ni burabeti.) Aio are e nanonaki naba bwa ai akea te ekaretia are taan tia iowawa ke “te tia kaitara te onimaki” a kona ni kamaunaaki man kaainakin te aro.
2. Te Tataro
Angiina aika tiaki kaain te Muslim a ataa tein te tataro ni Muslim ae aranaki bwa te salat (sa-LAAT), are e onoti mwaitin teina n taromauri, nimaua te tai n tebongina. Kamatean kibu ake a taekinaki man te Koran ao katokoan te ramwa i aontano e kaota te nanorinano ao te anga nakon te Atua. Mwaitin te tataro ae aki iangoaki, e aranaki bwa te du‘a, ko kona ni karoaia ni bon am tai ao e aki kainnanoa te katorobubua.
Ibukin te tataro n te tawanou n te Kanimabong, Muslim mwaane a kantaningaaki ao aine a kaungaaki bwa a na tataro n te mosque (mai Arabic masjid, ke “tabo n taromauri ni katorobubua”). Ikekei, n tannako ni kurubu irouia aine ao mwaane, a kateiraain, tataro are e kairaki iroun te mosque’s imam (ee-MAAM, man Arabic amama, nanona “i matan te”), ao n ongora nakon te kabwarabwara ae kimototo. Kanimabong, tiaki titebo ma te Tabati; e ngae ngke te “wiikente” n angiin aban te Muslim a boboto iaon yawm al-jum‘a (“te bong ni ikotaki”) ke Kanimabong, te mwakuri n te bong anne e aki warekaki bwa te bure.
3. Te Angabwai
Zakat (za-KAAT, nanona “are e kaitiaki”) kaira karaoan anganano nakoia kainnano, n aroia naba nakoia mosques ao waaki tabeua n te aro n Islam. E numeraaki bwa te mwaiti ae 2.5 te batienti ni mwaitin kaubwaia kaain te Muslim iaon katautau n te mwaiti ni mwaitin kaubwai. N tabeua aban te Muslim, e ikotaki irouia bootakin te tautaeka. Irouia tabeman, aki kabooaki.
4. Te Aki Mamatam
Ni katoa ririki Muslims ake a taua ma nanoia a toki man te amwarake, mooi, ao te wene n taanga man otintaai ni karokoa bungintaai inanon te namwakaina n Ramadan. A kabanei nanoia nakon anganano aika onoti aika a ataaki nakoia kainnano ao ni wareka te Koran inanon te namwakaina.7
5. Te Mwananga
Muslim ake a marurung ao bwaai ni buobuok ni karaoia a riai ni karaoa te mwananga nako Mecca teuana te tai inanon maiuia. (Te roko i Medina, te kauoua ni kaawa ae tabu n Islam, e riai ni karinaki ma tiaki te bwai ae kainnanoaki.) Irouia Muslim aika kakaonimaki, karaoana e bon rangi n nano n te maiu n tamnei ao e riinga te nano, te bwai ae kaanga irakin te maungatabu ni kabuta are e iria temanna ke te rin n te tembora n te moan tai.
Tabeua Kangaanga aika riki Ngkai
Teniua bwaai irouia aika tiaki kaain te Muslim a raraoma bwa Islam bon aro ni kakeru, te aro n Islam, ke shari‘a, tua; ao aroia Islam nakoia aine.
Tabeman taan kakaitara a kabongana te taeka ae jihad ni kaineti riki nakon te “buaka ae tabu,” ma te taeka e bon kananona “karaoan te mwakuri,” are e kaitaraaki n “tii” te tataro ao kamatebwaian koroboki aika tabu.
Muslim ae a ataibwai n te tua ao taan iango a riai ni kairengana otaia n te jihad. Bwaai ake a bwainaki n te tua a uneakinna, te katoto, bwa te buaka ae butimwaeaki e riai ni katanna ao kaitaraaia a riai ni kaman kauringaki ao n anganaki aia tai bwa a na katoka aia mwakuri ni katoka te itabarara. Tabeman taan atatai n te tua ao taan iango ake tabeman n te Muslim n te bong aei a uneaki bwa jihad a kona n rinea te mwakuri teuana are e kainnanoaki bwa e na kabwaia iai te botanaomata n Islam ke ni katamaroa te aonaaba riki ni kabuta. Muhammad e taekinaki bwa e a tia n ata te “jihad ae korakora riki” nakon “jihad .” Te kabane, e taku, bon kabonganaan bwai ni buaka. Ma te jihad are e korakora riki e buakana te aki momotiraoi n aron naba rawan temanna ni maiuakina te etieti.
Ni bong aikai tan iowawa aika kain te Islam a taekinna bwa waakan te aro, e kona ni kauntaekaaki bwa e kaota te aroaro, tautaeka, ao te nanokawaki ni kaubwain te aba are e nang uarereke ke bon akea rekerekena nakon te aro ni koauana.8 Riki, e kakaawaki ataakina bwa mwaitin angiina n ana aonaaba te Muslim a aki reitaki ma taan iowawa n tain aia kakiriwe.9
Shari‘a bon teuana naba te raraoma irouia aika tiaki kaain te Muslim. Anaaki man te Koran ao te hadith—te ribooti ae n te bwai are e karaoia Muhammad ao raona ake e rang kaan nakoia e taku ao e karaoa anne bwa e na karekea tamnein anuaia Muslim ma raona ao ni kabwarabwara taekan te Koran—are kabwarabwaraan aroia kaain te Muslim.10 Tuua ibukin kunnikaia mwaane ao aine (n aron te hijab, ke te rabuna) a kuneaki n te shari‘a; ngkai a kamatoaki irouia tabeman aban te Muslim, a katukaki nakoia aomata aia rineirne irouia tabeman. Shari‘a e roko naba iaon aei bwa te kakaitiaki i bon iroum, te tai ao kanoan te tataro; ao tuua n te mare, raure, ao te bwaibwai. Anne, ngke e kaotaki te Muslim n te kakae are a tangiria n tautaekanaki irouia shari‘a, a kona ke aki karaoa te taetae iaon te tua. A kona n ti taekinna bwa a tangiria ni maiuakina te maiu ni Muslim ae ataaki.
Angiina aika tiaki kaain-Muslims, ngkana a iangoa aroia aine, a waekoa n iangoa te iein are e rawata buuia ao te rabuna. Ma aron taraan te katei e rangin mwaiti arona Angiina koroboki iaon te Koran a taekinna bwa aine titebo aroia ma mwaane, ngkai tabeman a taraa n anganaki nakoa aika a memeere. E koaua iai waaki n angiin aban te Islam—ake a wakaa ni katein te Islam are ngkoa ke tabeua katei ake a waakinaki rimoa rimoa—are e araniia aine bwa a ongotaeka. Ma e ngae n anne, aron te Muslim n taraan tabeia aine e kakaokoro man te aba teuana ma teuana riki n aaba nako
Aia Taratara Aika a Itiaki ni Boong aika Kaitira iaon te Islam
Ma ibukin kakaokoron ara koaua a kanga Aika Itiaki ni Boong Aika Kaitira ni karekea te reitaki ma Muslims.
Te moanibwai, ti riai n ataa inaomataia Muslim bwa “a taromauri ni kanga, n te tabo ra, ke tera” (Taekan te Onimaki 1:11). Inanon 1841, Aika Itiaki ni Boong aika Kaitira n te kauntira n te kaawa ae Nauvoo a tibwa te tua iaon inaomatan te aro ni karekea “inaomata ni waaki, ao ni karekea te tibwanga ae katiteboaki” nakon “te Katorika, Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists, Aika Itiaki ni Boong aika Kaitira, Quakers, Episcopals, Universalists, Unitarians, Mohammedans [Muslims], ao ni kabane aro ake tabeua ake iai mwaangaia ao aia bootaki nako”11
Ti riai naba n uringa bwa ara mataniwi n Ekaretia a tia ni kataia n anga aia kaitau ae tamaroa ibukin kuneakin te Islam. Inanon 1855, te katotoo, n te tai are a mwaiti iai Kiritian ake a kabuakaka Muhammad bwa te tia kaitara Kristo, Unimwaane George A. Smith (1817–75) ao Parley P. Pratt (1807–57) man te Kooram n Abotoro ake Tengaun ma Uoman n anga te kabwarabwara ae abwabwaki tiaki tii ni kaota ao ni kaboraoa otaia n rongorongon te Islam ma ni kamoamoa naba Muhammad. Unimwaane Smith e taekinna bwa Muhammad “n aki nanouua e kaikawaaki rake iroun te Atua bwa iai bukina” bwa e na kabwarabwara ni kaitara taromauriian boua n anti, ao e kaota naba ana nanoanga ibukiia kaain te Muslims, ake, n aroia aika Itiaki ni Bong Aika Kaitira, e kangaanga bwa a na kona “ni karekea rongorongoia rimoa ni koaua” are e koreaki ibukiia. Ni waekoa n taetae imwiina, Unimwaane Pratt e kaota mataiakinan ana reirei Muhammad ao ibukin tamaroaia ao aia bootaki ni Muslim.12
Te maroro are e katanoataaki e roko inanon 1978 man te Moan Beretitentii. E onoti n taekina Muhammad ibuakoia “taan kairiiri n te aro n te aonaaba,” n taekinna bwa ai aekakiia, e “karekea mwakoron ana ota te Atua. Koaua n rabwata a anganaki [taan kairiiri aikai] iroun te Atua,” e koreia Beretitenti Spencer W. Kimball, N. Eldon Tanner, ao Marion G. Romney, “ni kaota te botannaomata ae bwanin ao ni uota tian te ota ae rietata riki nakoia aomata nako.”13
Katean Kinakina Iai
Ngkai aika Itiaki ni Boong Aika Kaitira ao Muslim e otara kaokoroia iaon bwaai aika a kakaawaki—ae ataaki iroun Iesu Kristo n atua, Tibwangana bwa te Tia Kamaiu, ao weteakiia burabeti aika ngkai—a mwaiti bwaai aika ti katiteboaki iai. Ti kaai ni kakoaua, n te katoto, bwa ti bane ni bukintaeka imatan te Atua, bwa ti riai ni karekei arora n etieti ao n raoiroi ao n riki bwa te botanaomata ae eti, ao bwa ti na manga kautaki ao n uotaki nako matan te Atua ibukin te motikitaeka.
Ni kauoua te Muslim ao aika Itiaki ni Boong aika Kaitira a kakoaua kakaawakin te utu ae korakora ao n te tua mai karawa e tua bwa a na buokaki kainnano ao rarikin ao ti kaota ara onimaki rinanon ara mwakuri n riki bwa ana reirei. Aikai are e taraa n akea bukina bwa a na aki kona aika Itiaki ao Muslim n aki kona n airi ao riki, ngkana iai tibwangaia, ni kaai ni mwakuri n te komiuniti, ae mwaiti riki, ti kunea bwa ni kaai ni mwakuri bwa rao n te aonaaba ae e rikirake te wanawana iai. N ikotaki, ti kona ni kaotia bwa te onimaki n aro e kona n riki bwa te korakora ae mwakaroiroi ibukin te raoiroi ao tiaki ibukin te kauntaba riki te kakeru, are a uneakinna tabeman taan kabuakaka.
Te Koran e taekina te kawai ni maeka inanon te rau n aki tarai kaokorora: “Ngkana ana kantaninga te Atua, e na karikira bwa te komiuniti ae tiiteuana. Ma e tangiria ni kan kataiko n te bwai are e a tia n anganiko. Ngaia are, kaiangatoa imarenami ni mwakuri aika raraoi. Kam na bane n oki nakokn te Atua, ao e na kaotia nakoimi bwaai ake kam aki booraoi iai.”14