Ko e Mālohi ʻo e Tokolahí
Ko e Fono ʻo e ʻAukaí
Kuo fokotuʻu ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e fono ʻo e ʻaukaí ke faitāpuekina Hono kakaí mo ʻomai ha founga ke tokangaʻi ʻaki ʻa kinautolu ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá. Naʻá Ne fakahinohino e Kāingalotú ke “foaki mei hoʻomou ngaahi koloá ki he masivá, … pea ʻe tuku [ia] ʻi he ʻao ʻo e pīsopé … ke foaki ki he masivá mo e faingataʻaʻiá” (T&F 42:31, 34). Ko e ngaahi foaki ʻaukaí ko e ngaahi tefitoʻi maʻuʻanga tokoni ia maʻá e fale tukuʻanga koloa ʻo e ʻEikí. ʻOku poupouʻi e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke nau foaki ha paʻanga feʻunga mo ha houakai ʻe ua ʻoku ʻikai ke nau kai ai lolotonga ʻenau ʻaukaí. Naʻe kole foki mo Palesiteni Sipenisā W. Kimipolo (1895–1985) ki he kāingalotú ke nau “foaki lahi ange ʻaupito—ʻo liunga hongofulu hono lahí ʻo kapau ʻoku tau malava ke fai ia.”1
ʻI he taimi ʻoku mahino ai kiate kitautolu pea tau moʻui ʻaki e fono ʻo e ʻaukaí, ʻoku fakautuutu ange ai ʻetau ʻofa mo e manavaʻofa kiate kinautolu ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá. Ko e ʻaukaí, fakataha mo e lotú, ko ha founga ia ʻo e lotu moʻoní. ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau talangofua ai ki he fono ʻo e ʻaukaí, ʻoku tau maʻu ʻa e mālohi fakalaumālie, ngaahi tāpuaki fakatuʻasino, mo ha holi ʻoku lahi angé ke tokoni ki he niʻihi kehé.
Naʻe akonaki ʻa Palesiteni Tōmasi S. Monisoni ʻo pehē: [“Naʻe hā pē kimuʻa ʻi he taimi ʻo ʻĪsaiá ʻa e fakakaukau fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi foaki ʻaukaí ʻi he taimi naʻá ne lea ai kau ki he ʻaukai moʻoní, mo fakalotolahiʻi e kakaí ke nau ʻaukai pea ‘ke tufaki hoʻomou maá ki he fiekaiá, pea … ʻomi ʻa e masiva kuo lī ki tuʻá ki ho falé’ [ʻĪsaia 58:7]. Naʻe kamata ʻe he Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá hono tānaki ʻo e ngaahi foaki ʻaukaí maʻá e masivá ʻi Ketilani, ʻOhaiō; pea naʻe ʻave atu ʻe he Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá kimui ai ʻi Nāvū, ʻi ʻIlinoisi, ha tohi fakakātoa ki he Siasí ʻo fakamatalaʻi hono ʻuhinga ‘ ʻo e tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e ʻaukaí,’ ʻo nau pehē ai: ‘Tuku ʻa e meʻá ni ke hoko ko ha meʻa ke faʻifaʻitaki ki ai ʻa e kāingalotu kotoa pē pea he ʻikai ke toe ʻi ai ha masiva. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fiekaia ai ʻa e masivá, tuku kiate kinautolu ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e meʻakaí ke nau ʻaukai ʻi ha ʻaho ʻe taha pea foaki ʻa e meʻakai ko ia naʻe totonu ke nau kai ʻi he ʻaho ko iá ki he pīsopé ke tokoniʻi mo fafangaʻi ʻaki ʻa e masivá, pea [ka] pehē ʻe fiefia [mo] mākona ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pē. … Pea kapau ʻe tauhi ki ai ʻa e kāingalotú mo loto fiefia maʻu ai pē mo fofonga fiefia, ʻe lahi maʻu ai pē mo hulu ʻa e meʻakai te nau maʻú.’”2
Ko Hono Ngaohi mo Tokonaki e Meʻakaí
Kuo hoko ʻa hono tokonaki mo ngaohi ʻo e meʻakaí ke fafanga ʻaki ʻa e fiekaiá ko ha makatuliki ʻo e palani uelofeá talu mei he taimi naʻe fuofua kamata aí. Kuo hoko ʻa e ngaahi ngoueʻanga fakamovetevete mo e ngaahi ngāue naʻe fakahoko holo ʻi ʻIutaá ko ha ngaahi faama mo ha ngaahi ngāueʻanga lalahi ʻe 1,000 tupu mo ha ngaahi ngaohiʻanga meʻakai ʻoku fakalele ʻe he ngaahi siteiki mo e ngaahi uooti ʻo e Siasí. ʻOku fakalele ha ngaahi faama uelofea ʻi ʻAmelika Tokelau, ʻIulope, ʻAositelēlia, mo Polinisia. ʻI he ngaahi taʻu ʻo e 1980 naʻe fakamālohia, fakalahi, mo fakaleleiʻi ai e ngaahi faama ko ʻení. Naʻe fakatau atu leva e ngaahi ngāueʻanga iiki angé.
ʻOku tokoniʻi e ngaahi faama mo e ngaahi ngāueʻanga ko ʻení ʻe he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻa ia ʻoku nau fai e konga lahi ʻo e ngāué ʻo hangē pē ko ia ʻi he kuohilí—ko e kau ngāue taʻetotongi kātoa. ʻOku foaki ʻe he kāingalotú ha ʻaho ʻe laungeau mo lauiafe ʻi he taʻu takitaha ki hono tokonaki, ngaohi, mo tufaki ʻo e meʻakai ko ia ʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ke tokoniʻi ʻaki ʻa e kakai faingataʻaʻiá. ʻOku ngaohi ha pauni ʻe 100 miliona tupu (kilo ʻe 45 miliona) ʻo e keleni, piini, kakanoʻi manu, fuaʻi ʻakau, vesitapolo, mo ha ngaahi koloa kehe pē ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku maʻu ʻe he kau pīsopé ha meʻakai feʻunga ke tokoniʻi ʻaki ʻa kinautolu ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá. ʻI he ngaahi feituʻu ko ia ʻo e Siasí ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi fale tukuʻanga koloa pe ofi ki aí, ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi leva ʻe he kau pīsopé mo e kau palesiteni fakakoló ʻa e foaki ʻaukaí ke fakatau ʻaki e ngaahi koloa mo e tokoni ʻoku fie maʻú.
Ko e Fale Tukuʻanga Koloa ʻo e ʻEikí
Talu mei hono kamata ʻo e polokalama uelofeá ʻi he 1936 mo e ngāue fakataha e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke fakafiemālieʻi e mamahi ʻa kinautolu ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá. ʻI he ngaahi tōlalo fakaʻekonōmiká, ngaahi fakatamaki fakanatulá, taʻemaʻu ngāué, puké mo e faingataʻaʻia fakaesinó, pe taimi ʻoku hoko ai ha maté, ʻoku fie maʻu ke ngāue fakataha kotoa e Kāingalotú ʻi he fakahinohino ʻa e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku feau e ngaahi fie maʻú pea ʻoku faitāpuekina e fakafoʻituituí mo e ngaahi fāmilí. ʻI he ngaahi taʻu kuo maliu atú, kuo foaki loto fiemālie ʻe he kāingalotu ʻe lauimiliona honau taimí mo e ngaahi talēnití ke faitāpuekina e niʻihi kehé, pea hangē ko e lea ʻa Palesiteni Monisoní, ke fetongi “ʻa e vaivaiʻanga ʻo e tokotaha ʻoku tuʻu ʻiate ia peé [ʻaki] ʻa e mālohi ʻo e tokolahi ʻoku nau tokoni fakatahá.”3
ʻI he lea ʻa Palesiteni Hiipa J. Kalānite ʻi he 1936 ʻo kau ki he founga ‘o e uelofeá, naʻá ne pehē he ʻikai fie maʻu “ha ngaahi mīsini foʻou maʻá e Siasí” ka ʻe “foaki ʻe he ngaahi houlotu ʻi he siteikí mo e uōtí, ngaahi kōlomu ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí, Fineʻofá, mo e ngaahi houalotu kehekehe ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e tokoni te [nau] lava ʻo fakahokó ki he uelofea fakakātoa ʻa e Siasí.”4 Kuo ʻosi fokotuʻu ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e kautaha ʻoku fie maʻu ke faitāpuekina ʻaki ʻa e masivá mo e faingataʻaʻiá—ʻosi fokotuʻutuʻu e ngaahi kōlomu ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí, fokotuʻu mo e ngaahi kautaha ʻa e Fineʻofá, pea kuo ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní ʻa e lakanga fakataulaʻeiki ʻo e ʻOtuá.
ʻOku hoko e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí, fakataha mo ʻenau ngāue fakatahá, honau ngaahi talēnití mo e ngaahi meʻa te nau lavá, ko ha konga mahuʻinga ʻo e fale tukuʻanga kotoa ʻo e ʻEikí. ʻE lava ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he kau taki lakanga fakataulaʻeikí ʻa e taimi, ngaahi talēnití, ngaahi meʻa ʻoku lava, mo e ivi ʻo e kāingalotú kātoa ke fakalahi atu ʻaki ki he ngaahi foaki ʻaukaí ʻi hono faitāpuekina ʻo kinautolu ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá.
ʻI heʻetau tali ʻa e faingamālie ke tokoniʻi ʻa e niʻihi kehé ʻi honau taimi faingataʻaʻiá, ʻoku tau fakahaaʻi ai ʻa ʻetau ʻofa ki he ʻOtuá mo ʻEne fānaú. Ko e uelofeá ʻeni ʻi he haohaoa taha ʻo hono māmá, pea ʻe hanga ʻe hono fakahoko ia ʻi he faivelengá ʻo fakatou hakeakiʻi ʻa e tokotaha ʻokú ne fai ʻa e foakí mo ia ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e foakí, ʻo hangē ko e meʻa naʻe vakai mai ki ai ʻa e kau palōfita ʻo hotau kuonga ní.
ʻOku fakatātā ʻaki e mālohi makehe ʻoku maʻu ʻi he taimi ʻoku tau kau fakataha ai ke tokoniʻi ha niʻihi kehé, ʻa e kau maʻu lakanga fakataulaʻeiki ʻi Luisiana, ʻi ʻAmeliká, ʻoku nau tokoni ke tā mo fetuku ha fuʻu ʻakau naʻe holo hili e Matangi ko Kataliná ʻa ia ne tō he 2005.
ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he ngaahi ngāue ki hono ngaohi ʻo e fuaʻi pīsí ha ngaahi meʻakai fakatupu ivi kehekehe ʻokú ne fakatolonga mo fakafiefiaʻi e moʻui ʻanautolu ʻoku fiekaiá.
ʻOku mahuʻinga e ngaahi foaki ʻaukaí, hangē ko ia ʻoku tānaki ʻe he kau tīkoní, ki hono tokoniʻi ʻo e faingataʻaʻiá.
ʻOku faʻo ʻe he kau finemui ʻi Hongo Kongó ʻa e koa mo e ngaahi meʻa fakahaisini kehe maʻá e kau faingataʻaʻia ʻi ha fakatamaki naʻe hoko, ko ha konga pē ʻo e ngāue ʻoku fakahoko ke feau e ngaahi tefitoʻi fie maʻu ʻa e kakaí.
ʻOku hanga ʻe he ngaahi ngāue ke tokoniʻi ʻaki ʻa e niʻihi kehé ʻo fakamālohia hotau vaá mo tokoni ke tau fakatupulaki ha ngaahi ʻulungāanga faka-Kalaisi. ʻOku fakamaʻa heni ha ʻapi ʻe ha toʻu tupu ʻo e Siasí ʻi Mekisikou, ʻa ia naʻa nau kau atu ki hono fakaleleiʻi honau feituʻú.
Mei toʻohemá: ʻū taá naʻe fai ʻe Jed Clark, Howard Collett, Norman Burningham, mo Craig Dimond