Fakatōtamá: Ko Hono ʻOhofi ʻo e Faʻahinga ʻOku ʻIkai Ke Nau Malava ʻo Maluʻi Kinautolú
ʻI he kamata ʻeku leá, tuku muʻa ke u kole fakamolemole atu kiate kinautolu kau lau makasiní ʻi heʻeku fakaʻaongaʻi ha ngaahi lea ʻoku ʻikai ongo lelei. He ko e natula ia ʻo e feingatau ʻoku ou fakamatala ki aí, ʻoku fie maʻu ke fai ha fetuʻutaki mātuʻaki mahino ʻaupito.
ʻI heʻetau hoko ko e ngaahi foha mo e ngaahi ʻofefine ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻoku tau mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he moʻuí he ko ha meʻaʻofa ia meiate Ia. ʻI Heʻene palani taʻengatá ʻoku maʻu ai ʻe Heʻene fānaú ha faingamālie ke maʻu ha sino fakamatelie, ke nau aʻusia e ngaahi meʻa ʻi he māmaní, pea ke nau ʻiloʻi ai ʻa honau ngaahi ikuʻanga fakalangi ko e kau ʻea hoko ki he moʻui taʻengatá.1
Tokolahi ʻo e Mate ʻi he Ngaahi Taú
ʻI he mahino kiate kitautolu mo ʻetau fakaʻapaʻapaʻi e moʻuí, ʻoku tau loto-mamahi ʻi he ngaahi moʻui ʻoku mole tupu mei he taú. ʻOku fakaʻulia e fakamatala fekauʻaki mo iá. Ne laka hake ʻi he kau sōtia ʻe toko 8 miliona ne mate ʻi he ʻUluaki Tau Lahi ʻa Māmaní. ʻI he Tau Lahi hono II, naʻe mate ai ha kau tangata mo ha kau fefine ngāue fakakautau ʻe toko 22 miliona tupu.2 ʻI hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e ongo tau ko ʻení ʻa ia ne feʻunga mo ha taʻu ʻe 14, ko e tokosiʻi taha ʻo e moʻui ʻa e kau sōtia naʻe mole ai ʻi māmani kātoá ko e toko 30 miliona. ʻOku ʻikai kau ʻi he fika ko ʻení ʻa e kakai siviliane ʻe toko lauimiliona ne nau maté.
Ka ʻoku fuʻu tokosiʻi ʻaupito ʻeni ia ʻi hono fakatatau ki he mate ʻi ha feingatau ʻe taha ʻa ia ʻoku tokolahi ange ai ʻa kinautolu ʻoku mate ʻi he taʻu kotoa peé ʻi hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e ʻUluaki Tau Lahi ʻa Māmaní mo e Tau Lahi hono Uá. ʻOku hā mei he ngaahi lipooti fakaemāmani lahí ʻoku laka hake he ngaahi fakatōtama ʻe 40 miliona ʻoku fakahoko ʻi he taʻu takitaha.3
Ko e feingatau ko ʻeni ʻoku ui ko e fakatōtamá ko ha feingatau ia ʻoku fakahoko ki ha niʻihi ʻoku ʻikai lava ke nau maluʻi ʻa kinautolu pea ʻikai lava ke nau lea mai. Ko ha feingatau ia ʻoku fakahoko kiate kinautolu ʻoku teʻeki fāʻeleʻi mai ki māmaní. Ko ha feingatau ʻeni ʻoku fakahoko ia ʻi māmani kātoa. Ngali fakaoli ka ko e ngaahi fonua sivilaise ko ia kuo nau faʻa taukaveʻi hono maluʻi ʻo e moʻui ʻa e tangatá kuo nau paasi ha ngaahi lao ke fakangofua hono fakahoko ʻení.
Tokāteline Faka-ʻOtua
ʻOku mātuʻaki mahuʻinga ʻeni kiate kitautolu he kuo toutou folofolaʻaki ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e fekau faka-ʻOtua ko ʻení: “ ʻOua naʻá ke fakapō.”4 Peá Ne toe folofola pē, “Pe fai ha faʻahinga meʻa pehē.”5 Ki muʻa pea toki fakafoki mai ʻa hono kakato ʻo e ongoongoleleí, ne ʻosi mahino pē ki he niʻihi fakafoʻituitui ne ʻosi fakamāmaʻí ʻa e toputapu ʻo e moʻui ʻa e tangatá. Naʻe tohi ʻe he tangata fokotuʻu lotu foʻou ko ia he senituli hongofulu mā onó ko Sione Kalavini ʻo pehē, “Kapau ʻoku ngali fakalilifu ange ke tāmateʻi ha tangata ʻi hono fale pē ʻoʻoná ʻi hano tāmateʻi ia ʻi ha malaʻe tau, … ta ʻoku totonu ke tau pehē ʻoku toe fuʻu kovi ange ʻaupito ke tāmateʻi ha pēpē ʻoku ʻi he manavá ki muʻa hono fāʻeleʻi mai ia ki he māmaní.”6
Kuo hanga ʻeni ia ʻe he ngaahi lao kuo faʻu ʻe he tangatá ʻo ʻai ke fakalao ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ko ia naʻe tapui ʻe he ʻOtuá mei he kamataʻangá! Kuo hanga ʻe he fakaʻuhinga ʻa e tangatá ʻo mioʻi, mo liliu e moʻoni haohaoá ke hoko ko ha kupuʻi lea fakatenetene, ʻa ia ʻokú ne tuʻuaki ʻa e founga ʻoku mātuʻaki hala ʻaupito.
Ngaahi Tokanga Makehe
ʻOku mahuʻinga ke fai ha tokanga ki he moʻui lelei ʻa e faʻeé. Ka ʻoku tātātaha ke hoko ha ngaahi tūkunga ʻoku fie maʻu ai ke fakangata ʻa e feitamá koeʻuhí ke fakahaofi e moʻui ʻa e faʻeé, kae tautautefito ʻeni ki ha ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku lava ke maʻu ai ha tokoni fakafaitoʻo fakaeonopōní. ʻOku ʻi ai mo e tokanga ki he ngaahi feitama ʻoku hoko tupu mei he tohotohó pe angahala fakamalaʻiá. ʻOku kovi ange ʻení he naʻe ʻikai maʻu ʻe he fefine naʻe tonuhia hení ʻa ʻene tauʻatāina ke fai haʻane fili ʻi he meʻa naʻe hokó. ʻI he ngaahi tūkunga pehení, ʻoku faʻa tali pē ke fai ha fakatōtama ke kei tauhi e moʻui lelei fakaesino mo fakaʻatamai ʻa e faʻeé. ʻOku faʻa tātātaha foki ke fakahoko ha ngaahi fakatōtama koeʻuhí ko e ngaahi ʻuhinga ko ʻení.
ʻOku faʻa vili e niʻihi ke fakahoko ha fakatōtamá ʻi heʻenau manavasiʻi naʻa fāʻeleʻi mai e pēpeé ʻoku hoko ha faʻahinga meʻa ki hono sinó. Ko e moʻoni ʻe faʻa hoko ha ngaahi meʻa ʻoku kovi ki he pēpeé ʻi he fuofua māhina ʻe tolu ʻo e feitamá tupu mei ha puke ʻa e faʻeé pe ha faʻahinga faitoʻo ʻoku kona ʻi hono sinó, ka ʻoku fie maʻu ia ke fai e tokanga ʻi hono fakakaukauʻi pe ʻe fakangata ha feitama. ʻOku mahuʻinga e moʻuí ki he kakai kotoa pē, kau ai ʻa kinautolu ʻoku fāʻeleʻi mai mo ha ngaahi faingataʻaʻia fakaesinó. ʻIkai ngata aí, kae mahalo he ʻikai fuʻu fēfē fau e meʻa ia ʻe hoko ki he pēpeé ʻo hange ko e anga ʻo e meʻa naʻe fai ki ai e fakakaukaú.
ʻOku ou manatuʻi lelei pē ha ongomeʻa ne hoko kiate kinaua ha meʻa tatau pē mo ʻeni. Naʻe taʻu 21 pē ʻa e fefiné he taimi ko iá—ko ha uaifi fakaʻofoʻofa mo moʻui mateaki. ʻI he māhina tolu ʻene feitamá, naʻá ne puke ʻi he mīsele Siamané. Naʻe faleʻi ia ke toʻo ʻene pēpeé he kuo pau pē ke hoko heni ha palopalema ki he kiʻi pēpē ʻi manavá. Koeʻuhí ko e ʻofa mo e tokanga ʻa ha niʻihi ʻo hono fāmilí, naʻa nau poupou mālohi ke fai ha fakatōtama. Naʻe fekumi faivelenga e ongomeʻá ki ha faleʻi mei heʻena pīsopé. Naʻá ne fekau ke na ō ki heʻenau palesiteni fakasiteikí, pea hili ha fanongo ʻa e palesiteni fakasiteikí ki he meʻa ne na hohaʻa ki aí, naʻá ne faleʻi kinaua ke ʻoua naʻá na fakangata e moʻui ʻa e kiʻi pēpeé neongo ʻoku ngalingali pē ʻe ʻi ai ha palopalema ʻe hoko ki ai. Naʻá ne lau mei he potufolofola ko ʻení:
“Falala ki [he ʻEikí] ʻaki ho lotó kotoa; pea ʻoua naʻá ke faʻaki ki ho poto ʻoʻoú.
“Ke ke fakaongoongo kiate ia ʻi ho hala kotoa pē, pea ʻe fakatonutonu ʻe ia ho ngaahi ʻalungá.”7
Naʻá na fili ke muimui ʻi he faleʻi ko iá ʻo tuku ke fāʻeleʻi mai ʻena pēpeé—ʻa ia ko ha kiʻi taʻahine fakaʻofoʻofa, ʻo ʻikai ha meʻa ʻe hoko ki ai tuku kehe pē naʻe tuli. Hili hono sivi ʻo e kiʻi taʻahiné ʻi he akoʻanga maʻá e kakai tulí, naʻe fakahā ki he ongomātuʻá ko ha kiʻi taʻahine ʻeni ʻe ʻatamai poto ʻaupito. Naʻe ʻi ai ʻene sikolasipi ke ako ʻi ha ʻunivēsiti ʻiloa ʻe taha. Ko e taʻu ʻeni ʻe 40 mei ai, pea ko e taimi ní ʻokú ne maʻu ha moʻui fiefia.
Ko ha meʻa mamafa moʻoni ia ke toʻo e moʻui ʻa ha tokotaha koeʻuhí pē naʻa hoko kiate ia ha faingataʻaʻia fakaesino. Ka ʻi ai ha tuʻutuʻuni fekauʻaki mo e fakaʻuhinga ko ʻení, ʻe tala mai ai ʻoku totonu ke tāmateʻi mo kinautolu ʻoku nau lolotonga moʻuí ka ʻoku ʻi ai hanau ngaahi faingataʻaʻia fakaesino peheé. Ka toe kiʻi hoko atu e faʻahinga fakakaukau ko iá ʻe iku ia ki ha aofangatuku ke tāmateʻi foki mo kinautolu ʻoku puke ʻikai ke nau lava ha meʻá. Meʻa fakaʻulia moʻoni ʻa e taʻefakaʻapaʻapa pehē ki he moʻuí!
Ko e Kole ke Fai ha Fakatōtamá
ʻOku siʻisiʻi ʻaupito ha ngaahi fakatōtama ʻoku fakahoko koeʻuhí ko e ngaahi tūkunga makehe ko ia ne u lau ki aí.8 Ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi fakatōtamá ko ha kole ke fakahoko koeʻuhí ko ha taʻe fie maʻu ha ngaahi feitama kuo hoko. Ko e ngaahi fakatōtama ko ʻení ko ha founga fakavahavaha fanau pē ia ʻe taha.
Kuo ʻosi fakalao ʻi he ngaahi fonua lahi hono fakahoko ʻo e fakatōtamá ʻi ha fili fakatāutaha pē ke fai ʻeni, ʻi he ʻuhinga ʻoku tauʻatāina pē ha fefine ke ne fili e meʻa ke fai ki hono sino ʻoʻoná. ʻOku moʻoni ʻeni kiate kitautolu takitaha, ʻa e tangata pe fefine. ʻOku tau tauʻatāina ke fakakaukau. ʻOku tau tauʻatāina ke palani. Pea ʻoku tau tauʻatāina ki ha meʻa ke tau fai. Ka ko e taimi pē kuo fakahoko ai e meʻa ko iá, he ʻikai ʻaupito te tau teitei ʻataʻatā mei hono ngaahi nunuʻá.
Ke toe mahino lelei ange ʻa e foʻi fakakaukau ko ʻení, ʻe lava ke tau ako mei he tokotaha puna vavaá. ʻOkú ne tauʻatāina ia ke holomui ʻo ʻikai ke kau ki he polokalamá ʻi ha taimi pē lolotonga ʻene fai e filí pe ko ʻene teuteú. Ka ko e taimi pē kuo mavahe ai ʻa e vaka vavaá, ʻoku haʻisia leva ʻa e tokotaha puna vavaá ia ki he ngaahi nunuʻa ʻo ʻene fili ki muʻa ke kau he puna ki he vavaá.
ʻOku hoko pehē pē ki he kakai ʻoku fili ke kamata ha faʻahinga meʻa te nau hoko ai ko ha faʻeé. ʻOku nau tauʻatāina pē ki heʻenau filí—ke kamata pe ʻoua naʻa kamata e meʻa ko iá. Ko ʻene hoko pē ʻa e feitamá, kuo ʻosi fai leva e fili ko iá.
ʻIo, ʻoku tauʻatāina pē ha fefine ki he meʻa ʻokú ne fili ke faiʻaki hono sinó. Pe ʻoku fekauʻaki ʻene filí mo haʻane puna ki he vavaá pe ki ha pēpē, ka ʻoku haʻi ia ʻe heʻene fili ke kamata e meʻa ko iá ki he ngaahi nunuʻa ʻo e fili ko iá. He ʻikai te ne lava ʻo “fetongi ʻa e fili kuó ne faí.”
ʻI he taimi ʻoku faʻa fai ai hono fakakikihiʻi ʻo e fakatōtamá, ʻoku toʻo hake leva ʻa e “totonu fakafoʻituitui ke filí” ʻo hangē ko e foʻi moʻoni taupotu tahá ia. ʻE moʻoni pē ʻeni ʻo kapau ko e toko taha pē ʻe kaunga ki aí. ʻOku ʻikai hanga ʻe he ngaahi totonu ʻa ha tokotaha fakafoʻituitui ʻe toko taha ʻo maumauʻi e totonu ʻa ha tokotaha fakafoʻituitui ʻe taha. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha meʻa fakafoʻituitui e fakatōtamá ia, pe ʻoku fakahoko ʻeni ʻe ha taha teʻeki mali pe ʻosi mali. Ko hono toʻo e moʻui ʻa ha kiʻi pēpē ʻoku kei ʻi manavá, ʻoku ʻi ai e kaunga ki ai ʻa ha toko ua, ʻa ia ʻokú na mavahevahe ʻo takitaha e sino, ʻatamai, mo e loto. ʻOku ʻikai kau ʻi he fili ʻe ha fefine ʻa e meʻa ke faiʻaki hono sinó ha totonu ke ne toʻo e moʻui ʻa ʻene pēpeé—pea mo e ngaahi fili ʻe fai ʻe heʻene kiʻi tamá ʻi heʻene moʻui pē ʻaʻaná.
ʻI heʻetau hoko ko e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí, ʻoku totonu ke tau taukaveʻi ʻa ʻetau tauʻatāina ke filí—ʻa e fili ʻoku totonú–ʻo ʻikai ʻi haʻatau pehē pē ko ha totonu ia ʻoku ʻatautolu ʻi he tūkunga kotoa pē.9
Meimei ko e ngaahi lao kotoa pē fekauʻaki mo e fakatōtamá ʻoku fai ia ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he lahi ʻo e māhina ʻo e feitamá. Kuo ʻosi fakapapauʻi pē ʻe he tangatá ia ʻi heʻene fakakaukaú ʻa e taimi ʻoku kamata ai ʻa e “moʻuí”. ʻI he ngaahi ako kuó u fai ʻi heʻeku hoko ko e toketā fakafaitoʻó, ne u ʻiloʻi ai ʻoku kamata ha moʻui foʻou ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakataha ai ha ongo selo (cell) makehe ʻo hoko ko ha selo (cell) pē ʻe taha, ʻo ʻomi ai ha kolomosoumi ʻe 23 mei he tamaí mo e 23 mei he faʻeé. ʻOku ʻi he ngaahi kolomosoumi ko ʻení ha ngaahi sini (genes) ʻe lauiafe. Ko ha founga fakatupu fakaofo ʻeni ʻoku kau ai hano fakatahaʻi ʻo ha ngaahi sini ʻo maʻu mei ai ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi ʻulungāanga ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻe maʻu ʻe he pēpē ko ʻeni kuo teʻeki ai ke fāʻeleʻí, ʻo faʻu ai ha DNA foʻou. ʻOku fakatupu he taimi pē ko iá ha tangata moʻui foʻou. Fakafuofua ki ha ʻaho ʻe 22 mei he taimi ne fakataha ai e ongo seló, ʻoku kamata leva ke tā e kiʻi mafú. ʻI he ʻaho ʻe 26 kuo kamata ke fetafeaki e totó.10 ʻI heʻeku fakakaukaú, ʻoku taʻepau pea fuʻu fakamahamahalo ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e taimi ʻoku “kamata ai e moʻui” ʻa ha pēpē ʻi he manavá.
Kuo tali fakalao ʻe he kau taki ʻo e ngaahi puleʻanga ʻe niʻihi ʻa e fakatōtamá taʻe ʻi ai ha tokaʻi ʻo e ʻOtuá mo ʻEne ngaahi fekaú. ʻOku toutou fakahā mai ʻi he folofolá ʻe toki tuʻumālie pē ʻa e kakaí ʻo kapau te nau talangofua ki he ngaahi fekau ʻa e ʻOtuá.11 ʻE toki tuʻumālie pē ʻa e kakaí fakafoʻituitui ʻo ka nau ka ʻaʻeva ʻi he tuí mo talangofua ki he ʻOtuá, ʻa ia naʻá Ne folofola ʻo pehē:
“Ko au, ko e ʻEikí, … naʻá ku faʻu ʻa e māmaní, ko ʻeku ngāue pe ʻaʻaku ia; pea ko e ngaahi meʻa kotoa pē ʻi aí ʻoku ʻaʻaku ia.
“Pea ko ʻeku taumuʻá ke tauhi… .
“Ka kuo pau ke fai ia ʻi heʻeku founga pē ʻaʻakú… .
“He ʻoku fonu ʻa e māmaní, pea ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa feʻunga pea hulu ange.”12
Kuo fakafepakiʻi maʻu pē ʻe he Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻa hono fai ʻo e fakatōtamá. ʻI he senituli ʻe taha nai kuo hilí ne fai ai ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ha tohi ʻo pehē ai, “ ʻOku mau toe toʻo ʻa e faingamālie ko ʻení ke fai ha fakatokanga ki he Kāingalotú ke … . ʻoua naʻa nau tāmateʻi ʻa e pēpē ʻoku kei ʻi manavá mo e fanga kiʻi valevalé.”13
ʻI he konga ki muʻa ʻo e hoko ʻa Palesiteni Sipenisā W. Kimipolo ko e palesitení, (1895–1985) naʻá ne pehē: “Kuo mau toutou fakapapauʻi atu ʻa e tuʻunga ʻoku ʻi ai e Siasí ʻi he ʻikai toe liliu ʻene fakafepakiʻi ʻa e fakatōtama kotoa pē ʻoku hokó, tuku kehe pē ʻa e tūkunga hāhāmolofia ko ʻeni ʻe ua: Ko e taimi ʻoku hoko ai ha feitama tupu mei ha tohotoho fakamālohi mo e taimi ʻoku pehē ʻi ha faleʻi fakafaitoʻo ala falalaʻanga ʻe uesia ai ʻa e tuʻunga moʻui lelei ʻo e faʻeé.”14 ʻOku kau ʻi he tuʻutuʻuni lolotongá ha ongo fakaʻatā makehe—ko e tupu e feitamá mei ha angahala fakamalaʻia pea kapau ʻe fāʻeleʻi mai pē ʻa e pēpeé ʻo mate, ʻo ka fakapapauʻi ʻeni ʻe ha faleʻi fakafaitoʻo ala falalaʻanga. Naʻa mo e ongo fakaʻatā ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai fakatonuhiaʻi ai e fakatōtamá. ʻOku “pau ke toki fakakaukauʻi pē ia hili ha feongoongoi ʻa e kakai ʻoku kau ki aí mo ʻenau pīsopé pea fakapapauʻi kiate kinautolu mei he langí ʻi haʻanau lotu ke fai ʻa e meʻa ko iá.”15
Ko e Ohí
Ko e hā ʻoku fakaʻauha ai ha moʻui te ne lava ʻo ʻomi ha fiefia lahi ki ha niʻihi kehe? ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi founga lelei ange ke fai ki ha feitama ʻoku ʻikai fie maʻu. ʻI he taimi ʻoku fakatupu ai ha moʻui ʻi ha faiangahala, ko e founga lelei taha pē ke kamataʻaki ʻa e fakatomala fakatāutahá ko hano fakamoʻui e kiʻi pēpē ko iá. ʻE toe lahi ange ai pē ʻa e mamahi ʻe hokó ʻi hano toe tānaki atu ha faiangahala mamafa ki ha angahala mamafa ʻe taha kuo fakahokó. Ko ha founga fakaʻofoʻofa moʻoni ʻa e ohí ke fetongiʻaki ʻa e fakatōtamá. ʻE fai tāpuekina fakatouʻosi ai ʻa e pēpeé mo e ongo mātuʻa te na ohi iá ʻi ha ʻapi ʻe tokangaʻi ai ia ʻi he ʻofa pea maʻu foki ai e ngaahi tāpuaki ʻo e ongoongoleleí.
ʻOku Lava Pē ʻa e Fakatomalá
ʻOku ʻi ai nai ha toe ʻamanaki lelei ki ha taha kuó ne kau ki ha fakatōtama? ʻOku ʻi ai nai ha toe ʻamanaki lelei kiate kinautolu kuo nau faiangahala peheé ka ʻoku loto-mamahi koeʻuhí ko e meʻa naʻa nau fakahokó? Ko e talí ko e ʻio! “Kae fakatatau mo ia kuo ʻosi fakahā maí, ʻe lava pē ke fakatomala ha taha pea fakamolemoleʻi mei he angahala ʻo e fakatōtamá.”16 ʻOku tau ʻiloʻi ʻe tokoniʻi ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e kakai kotoa pē ʻoku fakatomala moʻoní.17
ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻaupito e moʻuí! He ʻikai lava ʻe ha taha ʻo fuofua ha kiʻi valevale ʻoku taʻehalaia, ʻo ne vakai hifo ki hono kiʻi fofonga fakaʻofoʻofá, fāfā hono kiʻi loulouhiʻinimá, pea ʻuma ki he kouʻahe ʻo e kiʻi pēpē ko iá pea ʻikai toe lahi ange ai ʻene fakaʻapaʻapaʻi ʻo e moʻuí pea mo hotau Tupuʻangá. ʻOku tupu ʻa e moʻuí mei he moʻui. ʻOku ʻikai ko ha meʻa ia ʻoku tupukoso hake pē. Ko ha meʻaʻofa ia mei he ʻOtuá. ʻOku ʻikai te Ne tuku mai ha moʻui ʻoku taʻehalaiá ke fakaʻauha. Ko Ia naʻá Ne foaki e moʻuí pea ko Ia toko taha pē ʻoku totonu ke Ne toʻo iá.18 ʻOku ou fakamoʻoni ʻoku taʻengata ʻa e moʻuí ʻo hangē pē ko ʻEne taʻengatá.