Igiterane Rusange
Kurinda Itegeko nshinga Ryacu Ryahumetswe n’Imana
Igiterane rusange Mata 2021


Kurinda Itegeko nshinga Ryacu Ryahumetswe n’Imana

Ukwemera kwacu m’uguhumekwa kw’Imana guha Abera b’Iminsi ya Nyuma inshingano idasanzwe yo gushyigikira no kurinda Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe n’amahame yo gukoresha itegeko nshinga aho turi hose.

Muri ibi bihe bihangayikishije, numvishe nshaka kuvuga ku Itegeko nshinga ryahumetswe rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe. Iri Tegeko nshinga ni iry’akamaro kihariye ku banyamuryango bacu bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe, ariko akaba n’umurage rusange w’itegeko nshinga ku isi yose.

I.

Itegeko nshinga ni umusingi w’ubutegetsi. Rizana imiterere n’imbibi zaho imbaraga z’ubutegetsi zikoreshwa. Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe niryo rishaje kurusha ayandi yose yanditse rikiri gukoreshwa uyu munsi. N’ubwo umwimerere waryo wafashwe n’umubare muto w’ibihugu byakolonijwe, byihuse ryabaye icyitegererezo ku isi hose. Uyu munsi, buri shyanga uretse atatu ryafashe amategeko nshinga yanditse.1

Muri aya magambo ntabwo mvugira ishyaka rya politiki na rimwe cyangwa irindi tsinda. Ndi kuvugira Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe, nizeho imyaka 60 irenga. Ndikuvuga ibyo mfitiye uburambe bw’akazi mu kazi kanjye ka mbere mu mwuga w’amategeko nk’umwanditsi w’amategeko w’Umuyobozi w’Ubutabera w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe. Ndavuga nkurikije imyaka 15 nk’umwarimu w’amategeko mu mashuri atandukanye y’amategeko, n’imyaka 3½ nk’umuyobozi w’ubutabera m’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Utah. Icy’ingenzi kurusha ibindi, ndavuga nkurikije imyaka 37 nk’Intumwa ya Yesu Kristo, mfite inshingano zo kwiga ubusobanuro bw’Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe ryahumetswe n’Imana kuko rikoreshwa mu kazi k’Itorero Rye ryagaruwe.

Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe ririhariye ubwaryo kubera ko Imana yahishuye ko “yarishyizeho” ku “bw’uburenganzira no kurinda abantu bose” (Inyigisho n’Ibihango 101:77; unarebe umurongo 80). Niyo mpamvu iri tegeko nshinga ari iry’umwitwarariko wihariye ku Itorero rya Yesu Kristo ry’Abera b’Iminsi ya Nyuma ku isi hose. Yaba cyangwa uko amahame yaryo akwiye gukoreshwa mu yandi mahanga y’isi nibo bireba kugira ngo banzure.

Intego y’Imana yari iyihe mugushyiraho Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe? Dushobora kubibona mu nyigisho y’amahitamo y’imico. Mu myaka icumi ya mbere y’Itorero ryagaruwe, Abera b’iminsi ya Nyuma bo ku mupaka w’iburengerazuba babazwaga n’itotezwa ryo mu bwiru hamwe n’iryo mu ruhame. Mu gice kimwe bino byari ukubera ko barwanyaga ubucakara bwabagaho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe muri icyo gihe. Muri iyi miterere, Imana yahishuye binyuze mu Muhanuzi Joseph Smith ukuri guhoraho ku nyigisho Ze.

Imana yahaye abana Bayo amahitamo y’ubupfura—ububasha bwo kwanzura no gukora. Icyifuzwa cyane kurusha ibindi mu gukoresha ayo mahitamo ni umudendezo uhagije ku muntu wo kwanzura no gukora agendeye ku mahitamo ye bwite. Uyu mudendezo uherekejwe n’ingaruka yo kubazwa inshingano, icyahishuwe gisobanura, “kugira ngo buri muntu azabazwe ibyaha bye ku munsi w’urubanza” (Inyigisho n’Ibihango 101:78). Nyagasani maze yahishuye ko atari byo ko umuntu yaba imbata y’undi (Inyigishon’Ibihango 101:79). Ibi ku bigaragara bivuga ko ubucakara bwa muntu atari bwo. Kandi, ugendeye kuri iryo hame, si byiza ku baturage kutagira ijwi mu gutoranya abategetsi babo cyangwa mu gushyirwaho kw’amategeko yabo.

II.

Ukwemera kwacu ko Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe ryahumetswe n’Imana ntibivuga ko icyahishuwe kiva ku Mana aricyo cyavuze buri jambo na buri nteruro, na buri ngingo ishyiraho umubare w’abahagararira abandi muri buri Leta cyangwa imyaka ntarengwa ya buri wese.2 Itegeko nshinga ntabwo ryari “inyandiko yuzuye neza,” byavuzwe n’Umuyobozi J. Reuben Clark. “Ahubwo,” yasobanuye, “twizera ko rigomba gukura kandi rigatera imbere kugira ngo rihure n’impinduka zikenewe z’isi ijya imbere.”3 Urugero, ivugururwa ryahumetswe ryaciye ubucakara kandi buha abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora. Ntitubona uguhumekwa nk’uku muri buri mwanzuro wa buri Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rurisobanura.

Nziko Itegeko nshinga rya leta zunze ubumwe rifite byibuze amahame yahumetswe mu Bumana4

Irya mbere ni ihame ry’uko inkomoko y’imbaraga z’ubutegetsi ari abantu. Mu gihe imbaraga z’ubusugire zari zizwi muri rusange ko ziva ku burenganzira buva ku Mana bw’abami cyangwa imbaraga za gisirikare, byari impinduramatwara guha abaturage imbaraga z’ubusugire. abafilozofe bari baraburaniye ibi, ariko Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe ryabaye irya mbere mu kubishyira mu bikorwa. Imbaraga z’ubusugire mu baturage nti zivuga ko udutsiko cyanga andi matsinda y’abantu ashobora kuza ngo yivange cyangwa ngo ashyire imbaraga ku butegetsi kugira ngo bugire icyo bukora. Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe ryashyizeho repubulika ya demokarasi igendera ku itegeko nshinga, aho abaturage bakoresha imbaraga zabo biciye mu babahagarariye bitoreye.

Ihame rya kabiri ryahumetswe ni igabanya ry’ububasha bwahawe hagati mu gihugu n’amaleta agishamicyiyeho. Mu nkorane y’ubutegetsi bwa buri leta, iri hame ritigeze ribaho ryahinduwe n’ubugororangingo bwahumetswe, nka bumwe bwakuragaho ubucakara n’ubwaramburaga uburenganzira bw’abagore bwo gutora, bwavuzweho kare. Mu buryo bugaragara, Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe rishyiriraho ubutegetsi imipaka m’ukuntu bukoresha ububasha bwahawe mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa ubuziguye kandi rikarinda ubundi bubasha bwose bw’ubutegetsi “ku ma Leta akurikiranye cyangwa ku bantu.”5

Irindi hame ryahumetswe ni ugutandukanya ububasha. Hejuru y’ikinyejana mbere y’Amasezerano y’Itegeko nshinga mu 1787, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Abongereza yabaye iya mbere mu gutandukanya ubushobozi nshingamategeko n’ubushobozi nshingwabikorwa igihe bakaga ububasha bumwe Umwami. uguhumekwa mu masezerano y’Amerika kwari uguha inshingano imbaraga nshingwabikorwa, nshingamategeko, ni iz’ubutabera zigenga kugira ngo ayo mashami atatu abashe gushyira mu bikorwa igenzura hagati yayo.

Ihame rya kane ryahumetswe ni agatsinda k’ingwate z’ibintu bikomeye by’uburenganzira bw’abantu n’imbibi ku buyobozi bw’ubutegetsi mu mushinga w’itegeko, ryakozwe imyaka itatu nyuma y’Itegeko nshinga ryashyizwe mu bikorwa. Umushinga w’Uburenganzira ntabwo wari mushya. Hano, uguhumekwa kwari mu gushyira mu bikorwa amahame yatangiriye mu Bwongereza bwa mbere, duhereye kuri Magna Carta. Abanditsi b’Itegeko nshinga bari basanzwe bamenyereye ibi kubera ko bumwe mu buzima gatozi bwatanzwe n’abakoloni bwari bufite izo ngwate.

Nta Mushinga w’Uburenganzira, Amerika ntabwo yari kubasha guhabwa icyubahiro cyo kugira ngo abe ari ho Ukugarurwa kw’inkuru nziza kubera, byatangiye nyuma y’imyaka mirongo itatu. Hari uguhumekwa kw’Imana mu ngingo y’umwimerere ko nta suzuma ry’amadini mu biro rusange,6 ariko kongeramo umudendezo w’iby’amadini n’ibyo kurwanya ingwate mu ivugurura rya Mbere ryari kamara. Tubona na none uguhumekwa kw’Imana mu ijambo n’itangazamakuru ry’umudendezo w’Ubugororangingo bwa Mbere no kurinda umuntu bwite byari biri mu bundi bugororangingo, nk’ubushinjacyaha bw’inkozi z’ibibi.

Twe abantu

Irya gatanu kandi ryanyuma, mbona uguhumekwa kw’Imana mu ntego kamara y’Itegeko nshinga ryose. Tuyoborwa n’ amatgeko atari n’ abantu, kandi ubudahemuka bwacu buri ku Itegeko nshinga n’amahame n’inzira byazo, atari kuri buri muntu uri mu mwanya w’ubutegetsi. Muri ubu buryo, abantu bose barangana imbere y’amategeko. Aya mahame arwanya ibyifuzo by’igitugu, byamunze demokarasi mu bihugu bimwe. Avuga kandi ko nta na rimwe mu mashami atatu y’ubutegetsi rigomba kuganza hejuru y’andi cyangwa rikabuza andi gukora neza imirimo yayo y’itegeko nshinga kugira ngo agenzurane.

III.

N’ubwo amahame yahumetswe n’Imana y’Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe, nk’uko yashyizwe mu bikorwa n’abantu batandukanye ntabwo bagiye bayakoresha buri gihe icyo yari agamije mbere hose. Ibivugwaho by’ingenzi mu ikorwa ry’amategeko, nk’amategeko agenga amasano yo mu muryango, yakuwe mu rwego rw’amaleta n’ubutegetsi bw’ibanze. ubugororangingo bwa Mbere bwemeza kwigenga mu kugira ijambo rijya rimwe na rimwe rivangirwa no gushyirwa hasi kw’amagambo adahuriweho na benshi. Ihame ryo gutandukanya ububasha ryahoze riri ku gitutu cy’imikorere ihindagurika y’ishami rimwe ry’ubutegetsi rikoresha cyangwa ribuza gukoresha ububasha bwaherewe inshingano irindi.

Hari ibindi bikangisho bitesha agaciro amahame yahumetswe y’Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe. Imiterere y’Itegeko nshinga rishyirwa hasi n’imihati yo kurihinduza ibigezweho muri sosiyete nk’impamvu yo kurirema, aho kugira ubwigenge no kwiyobora. Ubushobozi bw’Itegeko nshinga bupfobywa n’abiyamamaza cyangwa abayobozi birengagiza amahame yaryo. Ijabo n’ingufu z’Itegeko nshinga bigabanywa nabarivuga nk’aho ari isuzuma ry’ubudahemuka cyangwa intero ya politiki, aho kuba imimerere yaryo yo ku rwego rwo hejuru nk’inkomoko yo guha uruhushya n’imbibi ku bushobozi bw’ubutegetsi.

IV.

Ukwemera kwacu m’uguhumekwa kw’Imana guha Abera b’Iminsi ya Nyuma inshingano idasanzwe yo gushyigikira no kurinda Itegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe n’amahame yo gukoresha itegeko nshinga aho turi hose. Dukwiye kwizera muri Nyagasani tukanagira ukwizera n’imyumvire myiza kuri ejo hazaza h’iki gihugu.

Ni iki kindi abera b’iminsi ya nyuma dukwiye gukora? Tugomba kandi gusenga ngo Nyagasani atuyobore kandi ahe umugisha amahanga yose n’abayobozi bayo. Iki ni igice cy’ingingo y’ukwizera yacu. Kuba abayoboke b’abayobozi cyangwa abategetsi7 nta gushidikanya ntibitera inzitizi ku mategeko yacu bwite ahangana cyangwa ingamba. Bivuga ko dukwiye gushyira mu bikorwa uruhare rwacu mbonezamubano no mu mahoro mu miterereremezo y’Amategeko nshinga n’amategeko yacu atureba. Ku bibazo bitavugwaho rumwe, dukwiye gushaka guhosha ubwumvikane buke tukanunga.

Turabona byibura izindi nshingano ebyiri ziri mu gushyigikira Itegeko nshinga ryahumetswe. Tugomba kwiga tukanavugira amahame yahumetswe y’Itegeko nshinga. Dukwiye gushaka tukanashyigikira abantu beza n’ababanyabwenge bazashyigikira ayo mahame n’ibikorwa byabo rusange.8 Dukwiye kuba abaturage b’inzobere bitabira gutuma uruhare rwacu rwumvwa mu bintu mbonezamubano.

Mu miterere y’iki gihe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe n’izindi demokarasi, uruhare rwa politiki rukoreshwa mu kwiyamamariza kuyobora (tukaba tunabishishikariza), dutora, dutera inkunga, tuba abanyamuryango tunaha serivisi amashyaka ya politiki, kandi no ku mishyikirano ikomeza ku bategetsi, amashyaka n’abakandida. Kugira ngo ikore neza, demokarasi ikeneye ibi byose, ariko umuntu wese nk’umuturage ufite umutimanama ntakeneye gutanga ibyo byose.

Hari ibibazo byinshi bya politiki, nta shyaka, nta rubuga, nta n’umukandida ku giti cye washobora kunezeza ibyifuzo bya buri wese. Buri muturage agomba rero kwanzura, igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, ibibazo bimufitiye akamaro kurusha ibindi. Maze, abanyamuryango bakwiye gushaka uguhumekwa m’ukuntu bakwiye gutangamo amajwi y’itora kandi bakibanda mu gushyira ubundi bufasha bakurikije iby’ibanze byo ku giti cyabo. iyi nzira ntizoroha. Bishobora gusaba impinduka mu gushyigikira ishyaka cyangwa amahitamo y’umukandida, n’amatora ku matora.

Igihe kimwe bizasaba abatora gushyigikira abakandida cyangwa amashyaka ya politiki cyangwa imbuga zifite indi myanya batashobora kwemeza.9 Iyo ni impamvu imwe twigisha abanyamuryango bacu kwifata mu gucirana imanza mu bya politiki. Ntidukwiye kuzigera twemeza ko Umwera w’iminsi ya Nyuma adashobora kuba mu ishyaka runaka cyangwa gutora umukandida runaka. Twigisha amahame nyayo tukanareka abanyamuryango bacu bakihitiramo uko batondeka iby’ibanze no gushyira mu bikorwa ayo mahame ku bibazo byagaragajwe rimwe na rimwe. Turanakutiriza, kandi tugasaba abayobozi bacu b’aho dutuye gukutiriza, kugira ngo amahitamo ya politiki n’ibifitanye isano na byo ntibibe icyigwaho cy’inyigisho cyangwa ubuvugizi mu materaniro yacu y’Itorero.

Itorero rya Yesu kristo ry’Abera b’Iminsi ya Nyuma nta gushidikanya, rizakoresha uburenganzira bwaryo mu gushyigikira cyangwa kurwanya imishinga y’amategeko yihariye dufata nk’aho anyuranye mu kugira umudendezo w’iby’idini cyangwa iby’inyungu z’imiterere y’Itorero.

Ndahamya iby’iri Tegeko nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe ryahumetswe kandi nsenga ko twebwe twemera Ikiremwa cy’Imana cyarihumetse kizahora kirishyigikira kandi kikarinda amahame yaryo ahambaye. Mu izina rya Yesu Kristo, amena.

Aho byavuye

  1. See Mark Tushnet, “Constitution,” in Michel Rosenfeld and András Sajó, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law (2012), 222. The three countries with unwritten codified constitutions are the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Israel. Each of these has strong traditions of constitutionalism, though the governing provisions are not collected in a single document.

  2. United States Constitution, article 1, section 2.

  3. J. Reuben Clark Jr., “Constitutional Government: Our Birthright Threatened,” Vital Speeches of the Day, Jan. 1, 1939, 177, quoted in Martin B. Hickman, “J. Reuben Clark, Jr.: The Constitution and the Great Fundamentals,” in Ray C. Hillam, ed., By the Hands of Wise Men: Essays on the U.S. Constitution (1979), 53. Brigham Young held a similar developmental view of the Constitution, teaching that the framers “laid the foundation, and it was for aftergenerations to rear the superstructure upon it” (Discourses of Brigham Young, sel. John A. Widtsoe (1954), 359.

  4. These five are similar but not identical to those suggested in J. Reuben Clark Jr., Stand Fast by Our Constitution (1973), 7; Ezra Taft Benson, “Our Divine Constitution,” Ensign, Nov. 1987, 4–7; and Ezra Taft Benson, “The Constitution—A Glorious Standard,” Ensign, Sept. 1987, 6–11. See, generally, Noel B. Reynolds, “The Doctrine of an Inspired Constitution,” in By the Hands of Wise Men, 1–28.

  5. United States Constitution, amendment 10.

  6. See United States Constitution, article 6.

  7. See Articles of Faith 1:12.

  8. See Doctrine and Covenants 98:10.

  9. See David B. Magleby, “The Necessity of Political Parties and the Importance of Compromise,” BYU Studies, vol. 54, no. 4 (2015), 7–23.