Ko e Kau Paionia ʻi he Fonua Kotoa Pē
Ko e Kāingalotu ʻi ʻĪtalí Ko ha Tukufakaholo ʻo e Tuí
ʻOku nofo ʻa e tokotaha naʻá ne faʻú ʻi ʻIutā, USA.
ʻOku kamata ʻa e hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí ʻi ʻĪtali ʻi he taimi ʻo e Fuakava Foʻoú, ʻi he taimi ne hoko ai e kolomuʻa ʻo e Puleʻanga Lomá ko e ʻapi ki ha kau Kalisitiane faivelenga. ʻOku ʻikai lekooti he Tohi Tapú pe ko hai naʻá ne fuofua ʻave e ongoongoleleí ki Lomá, ka kuo ʻi ai ha kolo ʻo e Siasí ʻi ha “ngaahi taʻu lahi” (Loma 15:23) ʻi he taimi ne ʻave ai ha tohi e ʻAposetolo ko Paulá ki he kau Lomá fakafuofua ki he 57 a.d..
Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe Paulá e kau Kalisitiane ʻi Lomá ʻo pehē ʻoku nau “fonu … ʻi he angalelei” (15:14). Naʻá ne maheni mo ha niʻihi ʻo kinautolu, pea naʻe kau ʻi heʻene tohí ha lisi lōloa ʻo ha Kāingalotu ʻofeina naʻá ne pōpoaki talamonū ki ai (vakai, 16:1–15).
Ne fakamāloʻia ʻe Paula e tui ʻa e kau Kalisitiane ko iá pea fakahā ʻokú ne lotu fakamātoato maʻanautolu. Naʻá ne fakaʻamu ke sio kiate kinautolu pea ʻamanaki ʻe foaki he ʻOtuá ke vavé ni haʻane ʻaʻahi kiate kinautolu (vakai, 1:8–15).
ʻI he faifai peá ne ʻalu ki Lomá, ne ʻalu ko ha pōpula, ka naʻe ʻikai faʻa tatali e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ki heʻene aʻu atú ʻo fononga ai ha kau tangata ʻi ha maile ʻe 43 (69 km) ke fakafetaulaki kiate ia ʻi he malaʻe ʻo ʻApió. ʻI heʻene vakai kiate kinautolú, “[naʻá ne] fakafetaʻi ki he ʻOtuá mo loto mālohi ai” (Ngāue 28:15).
Naʻe fakapoongi ʻa Paula ʻi Loma, ʻa ia ne fakatangaʻi lahi ai e kau Kalisitiané ʻe Nelo mo ha kau ʻemipola kehe. Ne fakaʻau pē ʻo tō e Siasí ki he hē mei he moʻoní, ka naʻe tuku mai ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻi Lomá ha tukufakaholo ʻo e tuí ʻi he uhouhonga ʻo e puleʻangá, pea fokotuʻu e feituʻu ke mafola mei ai ʻa e tui faka-Kalisitiané ʻi he māmaní.
Ko ha Kakai ne Fūfuuʻi ʻe he ʻEikí
ʻI he 1849, naʻe uiuiʻi ai ʻa ʻEletā Lolenisou Sinou (1814–1901) ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ke fokotuʻu ha misiona ʻi ʻĪtali. ʻI heʻene fakakaukauloto ki he feituʻu ke kamata aí, naʻá ne ako ʻo kau ki he kau Uolotení, ʻa ia ko ha kolo fakalotu ʻi he ʻotu moʻunga Pitimoní he tokelauhihifo ʻo ʻĪtali.
Ne kātekina ʻe he kau Uolotení e ngaahi fakatanga lahi fuoloa ange he senituli ʻe fitú koeʻuhí ko ʻenau tui fakalotú. ʻI he kamata ʻa hono Toe Fokotuʻutuʻu Foʻou ʻo e tui Faka-Palotisani ʻi ha taʻu ʻe laungeau, ne nau malangaʻi ne hē mei he moʻoní ʻa e fuofua Siasi ʻo Kalaisí. Ne nau fakamavaheʻi kinautolu mei he Siasi Katolika Lomá pea lau kinautolu ko e kau taʻe lotu, tuli mei he ngaahi koló, fakamamahiʻi, pea tāmateʻi. Kae ne ʻikai ke taʻofi ʻenau tuí, naʻa nau hola ki he ʻotu moʻunga māʻolungá.1
Naʻe lekooti ʻe ʻEletā Sinou ʻo pehē, “Naʻe hangē naʻe maamangia hoku ʻatamaí ʻi ha fuʻu maama ngingilá [ʻi heʻeku fakakaukau ki he kau Uolotení.” Naʻá ne fai ha tohi ʻo pehē, “ʻOku ou tui kuo fūfuuʻi ʻe he ʻEikí ha kakai ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ʻotu moʻunga ʻAlapainí.”2
ʻI he ngaahi vahefonua kehe ʻo ʻĪtalí, ne ʻikai fakangofua ʻe he laó e ngāue fakafaifekaú. Ka ʻi he taʻu ʻe ua ki muʻa pea toki aʻu atu ʻa ʻEletā Sinoú, ne foaki ki he kau Uolotoni ʻi he vahefonua Pitimoní e tauʻatāina ki he tui fakalotú hili ha senituli ʻo e fakatangá.3 ʻIkai ngata aí, ne maʻu ʻe ha niʻihi ʻo kinautolu ha ngaahi misi mo e vīsone fakaofo ʻo teuteuʻi kinautolu ke maʻu e pōpoaki ʻa e kau faifekaú.4
Naʻe fakatapui ʻe ʻEletā Sinou, fakataha mo ha ongo hoa ngāue fakafaifekau kehe ʻa ʻĪtali ki hono malangaʻi ʻo e ongoongoleleí ʻi he ʻaho 19 Sepitema 1850. Naʻe lekooti ʻe ʻEletā Sinou ʻo pehē, “Ne kamata mei he ʻaho ko iá ke ʻi ai e ngaahi faingamālie ke malangaʻi ʻemau pōpoakí.”5
ʻI he taʻu ʻe fā hokó, ne lavameʻa mo fetaulaki e ngāue fakafaifekaú mo e fakafepakí fakatouʻosi. Naʻa nau pulusi ha tohi tufa ʻa e kau faifekaú ʻe ua mo ha liliu faka-ʻĪtali ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná. Ne nau papitaiso ha kau ului tokolahi. Ka ʻi he 1854, ne hōloa e ngāué—ne ui e kau faifekaú ki ha ngaahi ʻēlia kehe, ne hiki e kau ului mālohí ki ʻIutā, pea fakautuutu e fakatangá. ʻI he 1862 ne fakangata kotoa e malangá, pea tāpuni e misioná ʻi he 1867.
Ne ngāue e Misiona ʻĪtalí ʻi ha taʻu pē ʻe 12, ka ʻi he lolotonga e taimi ko iá, ne papi ha fāmili ʻe toko 12 mo ha niʻihi fakafoʻituitui ʻe toko fitu pea nau hiki ki ʻIutā. Ne fakamālohia ʻe he kau UOLOTENÍ ne nau moʻui ʻaki e ongoongoleleí ʻa e Siasí ʻi ʻIutā ha mālohi, pea ʻi he ʻahó ni ʻoku lauiafe ha kāingalotu ʻoku nau fakatotoloʻi honau fāmilí ʻo aʻu ki he kau Uoloteni faivelenga ʻe toko 72 ne liʻaki e ʻapi ʻo ʻenau ngaahi tamaí ke kau mo e Kāingalotu ʻi he ʻOtu Moʻunga Maká.6
Ko Hono Fakavaveʻi ʻo e Ngāué
Hili hono tāpuni e Misiona ʻĪtalí, ne ʻikai fai ha ngāue fakafaifekau fakaʻofisiale ʻi ʻĪtali ʻi ha meimei taʻu ʻe teau. ʻI he kamata ke toe ulo e maama ʻo e ongoongoleleí ʻi ʻĪtalí, ne hoko ia lolotonga e Tau Lahi ʻa Māmani Hono II, ʻi he taimi ne ʻapitanga ai e kau sōtia Siasi mei he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he tukui kolo ʻi ʻĪtali. Ne faʻu ʻe he kau mēmipa ko ʻení ha ngaahi kulupu ne fakataha he Sāpaté, pea ne hokohoko atu e ngaahi kulupú hili ʻa e tau ʻi hono vahe ha kāingalotu ki he ngaahi ʻapitanga tau ʻi ʻĪtali.
ʻI he taʻu ʻe 20 tupu hono hokó, naʻe fakavaveʻi ai he ʻEikí ʻEne ngāué. Ne kamata ke kau ʻa e kau ʻĪtalí ki he Siasí hili ʻenau fetaulaki mo e kau faifekau ʻi he ngaahi fonua ofi maí. Ne fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi kulupu ʻo e kāingalotu ngāue fakakautau ʻi Neipolo mo Velona ki ha ngaahi kolo ʻi he malumalu ʻa e Misiona Suisalaní. Ne toe liliu ʻe he misioná ʻa e Tohi ʻa Molomoná ki he lea faka-ʻĪtalí pea pulusi. Ne ofi e taimi ke ʻave ai ha kau faifekaú ki ʻĪtalí.
ʻI he 1964, ne fokotuʻu ai ʻa ʻĪtali ko ha vahefonua ʻo e Misiona Suisalaní, pea vave pē ki hano ui ha kau faifekau lea faka-ʻĪtali ki ha ngaahi kolo lahi. ʻI he 1966, ne fokotuʻu ai e Misiona ʻĪtalí, hili ha taʻu ʻe 99 mei hono tāpuni e fuofua Misiona ʻĪtalí. Ne fai ʻe ʻEletā ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni (1899–1994) ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ha lotu ʻo toe fakatapui ʻa ʻĪtali ki hono malanga ʻaki e ongoongoleleí.
Hili ha taʻu ʻe hongofulu mei hono fakaava ʻo e misioná, kuo tupu e tokolahi ʻo e kāingalotu ʻi ʻĪtalí mei he 300 ki he toko 5,000. Ne liunga ua e fika ko iá ʻi he 1982. ʻI he ngaahi taʻu kimui maí, kuo fakaofo e tupulakí. Mei he 2005 ki he 2010, kuo fokotuʻu ha siteiki foʻou ʻe fā, pea ko e ngaahi siteiki fakakātoa ʻe fitu. ʻI he ʻahó ni, ʻoku meimei toko 25,000 e tokolahi ʻo e Kāingalotú ʻi ʻĪtali.
Ko Hono Fokotuʻu ʻo e Siasí
Ko ʻEletā Kuleki A. Kātoni ʻo e Kau Fitungofulú ko e taha ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻe lauiafe kuo fakatotoloʻi honau hakó ʻo aʻu kia Filipe Kātoni, ko ha Uolotoni papi ului ne hiki fonua ki ʻIutā ʻi he 1854. Kuo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe ʻEletā Kātoni e ngāue ʻa e ʻEikí ʻi he fonua ʻo ʻene ngaahi kuí, ʻuluakí, ʻi heʻene hoko ko ha faifekau ʻi hono fuofua fakaava ʻo e Misiona ʻItali ʻi he 1960 tupú pea ko ha palesiteni ʻi he Misiona ʻĪtalí ʻi he 1980.
ʻI he taimi ne uiuiʻi ai ʻa ʻEletā Kātoni ko ha palesiteni fakamisiona ʻi he 1983, ko e falelotu pē ʻe taha ʻo e ngaahi falelotu ʻi Lomá ko ha fale nofo totongi. ʻI he ngaahi ʻaho ko iá ko e ngaahi fale foʻou ʻo e Siasí naʻe langá ne totongi ha konga mei he ngaahi foaki mei he kāingalotu ʻi he ʻēlia ko iá. Koeʻuhí ne fie maʻu ha paʻanga ke langa ha ngaahi fale, ne faingataʻa ʻi heʻete sio ki he lekōtí ki he kāingalotú ke lava ʻo tokoni lahi. Hili hano fakakaukauʻi ʻi he faʻa lotu e meʻá ni, ne fakaafeʻi e kāingalotu ʻi ʻĪtalí ke foaki e paʻanga ne nau mei fakamoleki he Kilisimasi ʻo e taʻu ko iá ki he paʻanga ki he langa falé. ʻE tuku ʻe he ngaahi fāmilí ha foʻi piliki ʻi he lalo ʻakau Kilisimasí kae ʻikai ko ha ngaahi meʻaʻofa ke fakafofongaʻi ʻenau feilaulaú.
Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā Kātoni, “Naʻe fakaofo e meʻa he hoko ʻi he taimi ko iá.” “Ne lahi e tokoní he meʻa ne fie maʻú. Koeʻuhí ko e meʻá ni mo e hokohoko atu e totongi vahehongofulu faivelenga ʻa e Kāingalotú, ne lilingi hifo ʻe he ʻEikí ha ngaahi tāpuaki fakalaumālie lahi ʻi he misioná mo e Kāingalotú ʻi he ʻēliá ʻi heʻenau tali fiemālie ke fai e meʻa te nau malavá ke fokotuʻu e Siasí. ʻOku ou tui ko ʻenau tukupaá ko ha konga mahuʻinga ia ʻo e lava ke tupu ʻa e Siasí ʻo aʻu ki ha tuʻunga ke fokotuʻu ha siteiki pea fokotuʻu ʻeni ha temipale ʻi Loma.”7
Kimuʻa pea ui ʻa ʻEletā Kātoni ko ha Taki Māʻolungá, ne foki ki ʻĪtali ʻi he 2005 ke ʻi ai ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻo e Siteiki Loma ʻĪtalí. Ko ha aʻusia fakafiefia. Naʻá ne pehē, “Naʻe ʻi heni e mālohi ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí, ngaahi kī ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí, ko e ngaahi ʻuhinga fakafolofola ʻo ha feituʻu hūfangaʻanga—ko ha siteiki—kuo fokotuʻu he taimí ni ʻi Loma.”
Ko ha Temipale ʻi Loma
ʻI he konifelenisi lahi ʻo ʻOkatopa 2008, ʻi hono fanongonongo ʻe Palesiteni Tōmasi S. Monisoni ʻe langa ha temipale ʻi Lomá, ne ʻi ai ha loto vēkeveke fakalongolongo ʻi he Senitā Konifelenisí. Ne kalanga fiefia e Kāingalotu mei he ngaahi fakatahaʻanga ʻĪtalí ne nau mamata ʻi he satelaité. ʻOku manatu ha fefine ʻe taha ʻo pehē, “Ne mau foki mo e fiefia homau lotó ki ʻapi ʻo hangē pē ʻoku mau ʻalu ʻeá.”
Ko e hā ʻoku mahuʻingamālie ai ʻa e fakakaukau ki ha temipale ʻi Lomá? Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā Kātoni, makehe mei he ʻilo ʻo e mahuʻinga fakalaumālie lahi ʻo e temipalé, ʻoku ongoʻi ʻe he kāingalotú e mahuʻinga fakahisitōlia ʻo e koló: “ʻA hono puleʻi mo e mālohi lolotonga e taimi ko iá; hono kau fakatotolo fonuá, kau ʻātí, kau saienisí, mo e kau faʻu meʻa foʻou ʻoku nau tokoni lahi ki he māmaní; mo e tāpuaki ʻo e mālohi fakalotu ʻo Loma ʻi hono tokoni ke fakafeʻiloaki e tui faka-Kalisitiané ʻi he māmaní ko ha konga kotoa ia e hisitōlia ʻo Lomá, pea kuo tāpuekina ʻaki ha temipale ʻo e ʻOtuá.” ʻI hono tāpuakiʻi e kelekelé he 2010, naʻe pehē ai ʻa Palesiteni Monisoni, “Fekauʻaki mo e temipale ʻe langa ʻi he feituʻú ni, ʻoku matuʻaki mahuʻinga ki he Kāingalotu ʻa e e Siasí.”8
Ne taʻu ʻe 40 tupu e fononga e kāingalotu ʻĪtalí ki he Temipale Peeni Suisalaní pea ʻoku meimei ʻaho ʻe ua ke aʻu ki ai. ʻOku tui ʻa Masima Ti Feo, ko e palesiteni mālōlō ʻo e siteiki Lomá pea kuo hoko ʻeni ko ha Fitungofulu Fakaʻēlia, ko e Temipale Lomá ko ha fakaʻilonga kuo ʻafioʻi ʻe he ʻEikí ki he ngaahi taʻu ʻo e ngāue mo e feilaulau ʻa e Kāingalotú pea ʻafioʻi ʻenau holi lahi ki ha temipalé.
ʻI hono fai e fanongonongo kau ki he temipalé, ʻoku pehē ʻe ʻEletā Tī Feo ne hangē e fiefiá ko e ongo ʻoku ʻi he malaʻe vaʻinga ʻi he mālohi ha timi ʻi he sēkoni fakaʻosí; ne tatau e fiefiá mo ʻene fakakaukau atu ki he meʻa ne tau ongoʻi ʻi he maama fakalaumālié ʻi hono fanongonongo e palani ʻo e fakamoʻuí. Ne fāʻofua, malimali pea tangi e Kāingalotú. Ko e fiefia moʻoni.
Naʻe pehē ʻe ʻEletā Tī Feo, “ʻOku fakaofo ke ngāue maʻá e ʻEikí ʻi he ngaahi ʻahó ni, ʻoku makehe ki ʻĪtali mo Loma.” ʻOkú ne fakamoʻoni, “ʻOku ou ʻiloʻi ʻoku tāpuekina lahi ʻe he ʻEikí e konga ko ʻeni Hono puleʻangá.”9
Kāingalotu ʻi ʻĪtalí
|
1854 |
66 |
|
1965 |
287 |
|
1975 |
3,929 |
|
1985 |
12,000 |
|
1995 |
17,000 |
|
2005 |
21,791 |
|
2013 |
25,453 |
ʻOku tokoni ʻa e toʻu tupu ʻo e Siteiki Loma ʻĪtali Hahaké ke fakamaʻa mo vali ha nofoʻanga tukuhausia.
Naʻe fakataha ʻa ʻEletā ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni (ʻi lotó) mo e kau faifekau ʻo e Misiona ʻĪtalí ne toki fokotuʻú.
Ko e falelotu ʻo e Uooti Kataniá ʻi he matāfanga ʻo e Sisilií. Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻa e Kolo Kataniá ʻi he 1967, hili ha taʻu ʻe taha hono fokotuʻu e Misiona ʻĪtalí.
Ngaahi taá naʻe fai ʻe Masima Criscione, tuku kehe pē ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻilongaʻi atú; tā ʻo e Cinque Terre ʻe Daniel John Anderson; tā ʻo e ngaahi moʻungá © Corbis
Tā ʻo e maka fakamanatu ʻo Konisitinitaine ʻe he Tetra images/Thinkstock
Taupotu ki toʻohemá: taá naʻe fai ʻe Kimberly Reid mo e Masima Criscione; toʻomataʻú: Roman columns ʻe he hamai/iStockphoto/Thinkstock