Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Ko Ha Ngāue Fakafaifekau ki Kānata

“Ko Ha Ngāue Fakafaifekau ki Kānata,” Puipuituʻa ʻo e Ngaahi Fakahaá (2016)

“Ko Ha Ngāue Fakafaifekau ki Kānata,” Puipuituʻa ʻo e Ngaahi Fakahaá

Ko Ha Ngāue Fakafaifekau ki Kānata

T&F 100

Eric Smith

ʻI he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1833, naʻe aʻu mai ʻi ha saliote ki Ketilani, ʻOhaiō ha mēmipa taʻu 54 ʻo e Siasí ko Filīmeni Nikasoni ʻo kumi mai kia Siosefa Sāmita. Naʻe toki papitaiso pē ʻa Nikasoni mo hono uaifi ko Hūlitá mei Pelisipeeki, ʻi Niu ʻIoké, ʻi ha ngaahi māhina siʻi pē kimuʻa. Naʻe kole ʻe Nikasoni ki he Palōfitá ke na fononga ki Mauni Pelēseni, Tafaʻaki ki ʻOlunga ʻo Kānatá, ke malanga ʻaki ʻa e ongoongoleleí ki hono ongo foha ko Mōsese mo ʻEliesa Filīmení. Ko Mauni Pelēsení ko ha kiʻi kolo naʻe maile nai ʻe 100 ki he fakahihifo ʻo Pafalou, Niu ʻIoké, ʻi he feituʻu ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Anovai ʻEalií mo e Anovai ʻOnitalioó.

Naʻe pehē ʻe Mōsese Nikasoni kimui ai kuó ne fakalotolahiʻi ʻa e kole ʻa ʻene tamaí: “ʻI he māhina ko Sune [1833], lolotonga haʻaku ʻaʻahi ki he ʻapi ʻo ʻeku ongomātuʻá [naʻá ku] fuofua fanongo ai ki he meʻa naʻe ʻiloa ʻi he taimi ko iá ko e tui faka-Māmongá; pea naʻá ku ongoʻi leleiʻia ʻi he tokāteline naʻe malangaʻí, peá u kole ai ki heʻeku ongomātuʻa ke ʻai ha kau faifekau ke nau ʻaʻahi mai kiate kimautolu ʻi Kānata. … ʻI he māhina ko Sepitema ʻo e taʻu ko ʻeni ʻo e 1833, naʻe ʻaʻahi ai ʻeku tangataʻeikí mo ʻeku fineʻeikí ki Ketilani, ʻi ʻOhaiō, ko e hetikuata ʻo e kakai ko ʻení, ʻo kole kia Siosefa Sāmita mo Sitenei Likitoni ke nau kaungā fononga mai ki Kānata.”

Ngaahi Meʻa Mahuʻinga Naʻe Tokanga ki ai ʻa Siosefá

ʻI Sepitema 1833, naʻe nofo ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻi Ketilani mo hono uaifi ko ʻEmá, mo ha fānau kei iiki ʻe toko ua—ko Sūlia, taʻu 2; mo Siosefa III, naʻe teʻeki ai ke taʻu taha. Naʻe ʻosi mālōlō kimuʻa siʻana fānau kei iiki ʻe toko fā. Kuo malanga ʻaki foki ʻe he Palōfitá, ʻoku taʻu 27, ʻa e pōpoaki ʻo e ongoongoleleí ʻi ha ngaahi fononga kimuʻa ka kuo teʻeki ai kimuí ni, kae tālunga ʻene fakahoko ko ʻeni ʻa e ngāue fakafaifekau malanga totonú.

Naʻe ʻi ai ha ongo meʻa naʻe ʻi he fakakaukau ʻa e Palōfitá ʻi he taimi ko ʻení naʻá na mei lava ʻo ʻai ke faingataʻa ke mavahe mei hono ʻapí mo e fāmilí ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi lōloa. Naʻá ne ʻiloʻi ʻi he ʻaho 9 ʻo ʻAokosi 1833, kuo toloi fakaʻaufuli ʻa e feinga ko ia ʻa e Siasí ke langa ʻa e kolo ko Saioné ʻi Tauʻatāina, ʻi he Vahefonua Siakisoni, ʻi Mīsulí. Naʻe fakamālohiʻi ʻe he kau fakatangá ʻa e kau mēmipa ʻo e Siasí ke nau loto ke mavahe mei he Vahefonua Siakisoní ʻi he faʻahitaʻu failau ʻo e 1834. Naʻe faitohi hangatonu pē ʻa Siosefa mo e Kāingalotu faingataʻaʻia ʻi Mīsulí: “Kāinga kapau naʻá ku ʻi hena mo kimoutolu te u kau moʻoni mo kimoutolu ʻi homou faingataʻaʻiá & neongo ʻoku hōloa ʻa natula, ka ʻoku ʻikai tuku ʻe hoku laumālié ke u liʻaki kimoutolu ʻo aʻu ki he maté he ʻoku tokoni mai ʻa e ʻOtuá, ʻOiauē, ʻofa ke mou fiefia he ʻoku ofi mai hotau huhuʻí, ʻE ʻOtua fakahaofi muʻa siʻoku Kāinga ʻi Saioné.”

ʻI he taimi tatau, naʻe fefaʻuhi ʻa Siosefa mo e meʻa naʻe tuʻu fakatuʻutāmaki naʻe ofi ange ki ʻapí. Naʻe ʻi ai ha mēmipa kimuʻa ʻo e Siasí ko Toketā Filasitasi Helapati, naʻe hili hono tuʻusi mei he siasí ʻi Sune 1833 ʻi he feʻauakí, naʻá ne ukiʻi fefeka ke fakaongoongokoviʻi ʻa Siosefa mo e Siasí. Naʻe kau ʻi heʻene foungá hano fakaʻaiʻai fakalotofonua ʻa e fakatangá, mo fefonongaʻaki lahi ke tānaki ha ngaahi fakamatala fakaangaʻi ʻo Siosefa, pea mo fakamanamanaʻi ʻa e moʻui ʻa Siosefá. ʻOku hā mei he ngaahi pepa ʻoku kei maʻu mei he vahaʻa taimi ko ʻení ha hohaʻa lahi ʻaupito fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi ngāue ʻa Helapatí. ʻI ha tohi ki he kāingalotu ʻi Mīsulí ʻi ʻAokosi 1833, naʻá ne lipooti ai naʻe “loi ʻa [Helepati] ʻi ha founga mālie pea ʻoku muimui ki ai ʻa e kakaí mo ʻoange ha paʻanga ke ne fakangata ʻa e tui fakamāmongá he ʻoku fakatuʻutāmaki lahi ki heʻetau moʻuí.” ʻI haʻane tohi ʻi heʻene tohinoá ʻi ha ngaahi māhina kimui ai, naʻe pehē ai ʻe he Palōfitá naʻe feinga ʻa Helapati “ke fakaʻauha ʻa e kāingalotu ʻi he feituʻú ni ʻo tautefito kiate au mo hoku fāmilí.” Naʻe fakatuʻutāmaki ʻa e tūkungá pea taʻeʻiloa mo hono ikuʻangá.

Ko ha Lotu ke Maʻu ha Fakafiemālie

Neongo ʻa e ngaahi palopalema ko ʻení, naʻe tali ʻe Siosefa ʻa e fakaafe ʻa Nikasoni ke malangaʻi ʻa e ongoongoleleí ki hono kāinga ʻi Kānatá, pea loto mo Sitenei Likitoni ke nau kaungā fononga. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe he tohinoa ʻa Siosefá ʻi he ʻaho 4 ʻo ʻOkatopá: “Fai ʻa e teuteu ke ō ki he Hahaké mo Filīmeni Nikasoni.” Pea ʻi he ʻaho 5 ʻo ʻOkatopá: “Naʻe kamata ʻa e ʻahó ni ʻaki e fononga ki he feituʻu Hahaké.” Ko e ngāue fakafaifekau māhina ʻe taha ʻi he tokelauhihifo ʻo Penisiliveniá mo e fakatongahihifo ʻo Niu ʻIoké pea hū ki he feituʻu ʻoku ʻiloa ʻi he ʻahó ni ko ʻOnitalio, Kānatá, ʻe fakahoko ia ʻi ha maile ʻe 500 pea kau ai ha tuʻu ʻi ha ngaahi kolo ʻe 10 pe lahi ange, mo e ngaahi ʻapoinimeni malanga ʻi ha tokolahi ʻo kinautolu. Naʻe haʻu ʻa e Palōfitá mo ʻene kiʻi tohinoa feʻunga mo hono kató, peá na taufetongi leva mo Sitenei Likitoni ʻi he hiki ai ha kiʻi fakamatala nounou ki he hokohoko ʻena fonongá mo ʻena malangá.

ʻI he ʻaho 12 ʻo ʻOkatopá, naʻe kolosi ai ʻa e kau fononga toko siʻi ko ʻení ʻi he konga fakatokelau hihifo ʻo Penisiliveniá ki Niu ʻIoke, ʻo nau aʻu atu ai ki he ʻapi ʻo Filīmeni mo Hilita Nikasoní ʻi Pelisipeeki. Naʻe tohi ʻe Siosefa Sāmita naʻá ne ongoʻi “lelei ʻaupito” ʻi heʻene fakakaukaú ka naʻe “hohaʻa lahi” ki hono fāmilí, mahalo ko hano konga ko e fakafepaki ko ia naʻe fakatupu ʻe Helapati ʻi Ketilaní. Mahalo naʻe makatuʻunga mei he hohaʻa ko iá ʻa hono fai ʻe Siosefa mo Sitenei ha lotu ki ha fakafiemālié. Naʻe pehē ʻe ha fakahā ʻi he ʻaho ko iá (ʻoku hoko he taimí ni ko e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 100), “Ko e moʻoni ʻoku folofola peheni ʻe he ʻEikí kiate kimoua, ʻa hoku ongo kaumeʻa ko Sitenei & Siosefa, ʻoku moʻui lelei ʻa homo ongo fāmilí; ʻoku nau ʻi hoku nimá, pea te u fai kiate kinautolu ʻo fakatatau ki he meʻa ʻoku hā ngali lelei kiate aú; he ʻoku ʻiate au ʻa e mālohi kotoa pē.” Naʻe ʻikai ke mole kakato ai ʻa e hohaʻa ʻa e Palōfitá—ʻi he ʻaho hono hokó naʻá ne kole ai ki he ʻEikí ke “tāpuekina [hono] fāmilí pea fakahaofi kinautolu”—ka naʻá ne maʻu moʻoni ha fakafiemālie ʻi he ngaahi leá ni ʻo hangē ko ʻene hā ʻi he meʻa naʻá ne lekooti ʻi heʻene tohinoá ʻi he taimi naʻe aʻu ai ki hono ʻapi ʻi Ketilaní ʻi he ʻaho 4 ʻo Nōvemá, ʻi he ʻosi ʻene ngāue fakafaifekaú: “Naʻá ku ʻiloʻi ʻoku lelei kotoa pē hoku fāmilí ʻo hangē ko e palōmesi ʻa e ʻEikí, ʻa ia ko ha ngaahi tāpuaki ʻoku ou loto ke u fakafetaʻi ai ki hono huafa toputapú; ʻĒmeni.”

Naʻe toe fakamatala ʻa e fakahā ʻo e 12 ʻo ʻOkatopá ki ha meʻa kehe ʻe ua. Fekauʻaki mo iá, “Ko au ko e ʻEikí naʻá ku fakangofua ke mou haʻu ki he feituʻú ni he naʻe ʻaonga ia kiate au ki hono fakamoʻui ʻo e ngaahi laumālié,” naʻe talaʻofa ai ʻa e ʻEikí kia Siosefa mo Siteneí “ʻe fakaava ha matapā ʻaonga ʻi he ngaahi potu fonua takatakaí ʻi he fonua fakahahaké ni.” Kapau ʻe hanga ʻe he kau faifekaú ʻo “hiki hake” honau leʻó ʻaki ʻa e “molumalu ʻo e lotó ʻi he laumālie angavaivai” pea fakahā e ngaahi lea ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻoku ʻi honau lotó, ʻe “fekauʻi atu ʻa e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní [ke] ne fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa kotoa pē” te nau lea ʻakí. Naʻe toe fakapapauʻi ange foki ʻe he fakahaá kia Sitenei mo Siosefa, “ʻe huhuʻi ʻa [Saione], neongo kuo tauteaʻi ia ʻo kiʻi fuofuoloa siʻi.”

Tūʻuta ki Mauni Pelēsení

ʻI he ʻaho 18 ʻo ʻOkatopá, naʻe tūʻuta ai ʻa e kulupú ki he feituʻu ne fakataumuʻa ki ai ʻenau fonongá ʻi he kiʻi kolo ko Mauni Pelēsení, ʻi he konga ki ʻOlunga ʻo Kānatá. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi fakaikiiki ʻe Sitenei Likitoni ʻi he tohinoa ʻa Siosefá ʻo pehē: “Tūʻuta mai ki he ʻapi ʻo [ʻIliesa] Filīmeni Nikasoní ʻi he konga ki ʻolunga hake ʻo Kānatá, hili ia haʻamau hū ki Kānata ʻi ha fonua mātuʻaki lelei mo ngoueʻi lelei pea naʻe lahi ha ngaahi ongo makehe fekauʻaki mo e fonuá mo e kakaí fakatouʻosi pea naʻe talitali lelei kimautolu.”

Naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe Siosefa mo Sitenei ʻa e uike ʻe taha mo e konga hono hokó, ke malanga ʻi Mauni Pelēseni mo ha fanga kiʻi kolo ofi mai, ki ha ngaahi haʻofanga kakai tokolahi mo mātuʻaki fie fanongo. Naʻe hā mei he tohinoa ʻa e Palōfitá ʻa e fiemaʻu fakavavevave mo e vēkeveke fekauʻaki mo ʻenau palani femoʻuekiná. ʻI he ʻaho 24 ʻo ʻOkatopá, hili hano fakahoko ʻe Siosefa mo Sitenei ʻi Mauni Pelēseni ha fakataha, naʻe “fakahaaʻi ai [ʻe ʻIliesa Filīmeni Nikasoni] ʻa ʻene tui kakato ki he moʻoni ʻo e ngāué.” ʻOku lekooti ʻi he tohinoá, ko ia “fakataha mo hono uaifí ʻa ia kuo tui mo ia ke papitaiso ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté naʻe hoko ai ha fuʻu fiefia ʻi he potu kotoa kuó ma ʻi aí.” ʻI he ʻaho Sāpate ko iá, 27 ʻo ʻOkatopá, naʻe papitaiso ai ha niʻihi fakafoʻituitui ʻe toko hongofulu mā ua. Naʻe toe papitaiso mo ha toko ua kehe ʻi he ʻaho hono hokó. Naʻe kau ʻi he niʻihi naʻe papitaisó ʻa ʻIliesa Filīmeni Nikasoni, ko hono uaifi ko ʻIlisá, mo Mōsese Nikasoni.

‘I he efiafi ʻo e ʻaho 28 ʻo ʻOkatopá, naʻe fakahoko ai ʻe he kau faifekaú ʻenau fakataha fakaʻosi mo e kiʻi tākanga toko siʻi ʻi Mauni Pelēsení. Naʻe lekooti ʻe Sitenei ʻi he tohinoa ʻa e Palōfitá ʻi he pongipongi hono hokó ʻo pehē: “Naʻe fakahoko ha fakataha ʻi he efiafi ʻaneafí pea fakanofo ai ʻa brother ʻIliesa Filīmeni Nikasoni ki he tuʻunga Kaumātuʻá, fakataha lelei pea maʻu ai ʻe ha taha ʻo e houʻeiki fafiné ʻa e meʻafoaki ʻo e lea kehekehé ʻo ne ʻai ʻa e kāingalotú ke nau fiefia, ʻofa ke fakatupulaki ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa e ngaahi meʻafoakí ʻiate kinautolu maʻa hono ngaahi fohá, pea ʻi he pongipongí ni, ʻe hoko atu ʻemau fonongá ki ʻapi, ʻofa ke faitāpuekina ʻe he ʻEikí ʻemau fonongá, ʻĒmeni.” Naʻe foki ʻa Siosefa mo Sitenei ʻaki haʻana kolosi ʻi he Anovai ʻEalií ʻo tūʻuta ki Ketilani ʻi he ʻaho 4 ʻo Nōvemá.

Hili ha uike ʻe ua mei ai, naʻe ʻave ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha tohi kia Mōsese Nikasoni ʻo fakahā kiate ia kuo tūʻuta lelei ki hono ʻapí pea mo fakahaaʻi ʻene ngaahi ongo ki he kiʻi kolo ʻo e Siasí ne toki kamakamata foʻou ʻi Mauni Pelēsení. Naʻe tohi ʻe Siosefa ʻo pehē, “Te u fiemaʻu haʻo fetuʻutaki mai ʻi haʻo maʻu ʻení, mo ʻamanaki te ke fai mai ha fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e kāingá, ʻenau tuʻunga moʻui leleí, ʻenau tuí, & ngaahi alā meʻa peheé.” Naʻá ne hoko atu: “Te u tala moʻoni atu, naʻá ku ui fakamātoato ki he ʻEikí koeʻuhí ko hotau kāinga ʻi Kānatá. Pea ko e taimi ʻoku ou fakakaukau ai ki he teuteu kuo nau fai ke maʻu ʻa e folofola moʻoní ʻi he ngāue ʻa brother Sitenei pea mo aú, ʻoku ou mātuʻaki ongoʻi haʻisia moʻoni ke u loto-fakatōkilalo ʻo fakafetaʻi ʻi hono ʻaó.”

Naʻe kole fakamātoato leva ʻa Siosefa kia Nikasoni ke tuʻu maʻu mo faivelenga ʻi heʻene tui foʻoú: “ʻOkú ke manatuʻi ʻa e fakamoʻoni naʻá ku fai ʻi he huafa ʻo e ʻEiki ko Sīsuú, ʻo kau ki he ngāue maʻongoʻonga kuó ne ʻomai ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho fakaʻosí. ʻOkú ke ʻiloʻi pē ʻa e founga ʻo ʻeku fetuʻutakí, ʻa ʻeku fakahā kiate koe ʻi hoku vaivaí pea mo mahinongofua ʻa e meʻa kuo ʻomai ʻe he ʻEikí maʻá e toʻutangatá ni, ʻo tokoniʻi au ʻe he kau ʻāngelo māʻoniʻoní. ʻOku ou fakatauange ʻe ʻai ʻe he ʻEikí ke ke lava ʻo fakamahuʻingaʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ni ʻi ho ʻatamaí; he ʻoku ou ʻiloʻi ʻe fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe hono Laumālié kiate kinautolu kotoa pē ʻoku fekumi faivelenga ke maʻu ha ʻilo meiate iá. ʻOku ou fakatauange te ke fekumi ʻi he ngaahi folofolá, ke ʻiloʻi pe ʻoku ʻikai ke fenāpasi ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ni mo e ngaahi meʻa ko ia naʻe tohi ʻe he kau palōfita mo e kau ʻaposetolo ʻo e kuonga muʻá.”

Naʻe hokohoko atu e tupulaki ʻa e haʻofanga lotu ʻo Mauni Pelēsení ʻi he hili ʻo e mavahe mai ʻa Siosefa mo Siteneí. ʻI Tīsema 1833, naʻe lipooti mai ʻoku ʻi ai ha kau mēmipa ʻe toko 34 ʻi ai. Mahalo naʻe aʻu ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kāingalotú ki he toko 50 ʻi he ngaahi taʻu siʻi hono hokó. Naʻe fāifai pē pea hiki mai ʻa e tokolahi taha ʻo e kakai tuí ke fakataha mo e Kāingalotu ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití pe hē mei he Siasí.

Naʻe kau ʻa Filīmeni Nikasoni, ʻa e tangata naʻe fononga ki Ketilani ke kole ki he Palōfitá ke malanga ki hono ongo fohá, kau ʻi he fononga ʻa e ʻApitanga ʻo Saioné ʻi he 1834 (mo hono ongo foha ko Ulia mo Līvaí), fakataha mo e Kāingalotu ʻi Nāvuú, pea siʻi toki mālōlō ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1847 ʻi he Vahefonua ʻAiouaá, ʻi heʻenau hiki ki he feituʻu fakahihifó.

Naʻe kau atu ʻa Mōsese Nikasoni mo ʻIliesa Filīmeni Nikasoni ki he Kāingalotú ʻi he fakahihifo ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ʻi ha kiʻi taimi he konga kimui ʻo e 1830 tupú, ka naʻá na toe foki fakatouʻosi pē ki Kānata ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1840 tupú. Naʻe mālōlō ʻa ʻIliesa ʻi he 1862, pea naʻe hangē naʻá ne kei lau pē ia ko ha Kāingalotú. Naʻe feohi ʻa Mōsese mo ha ongo tui fakalotu kehe kimuʻa pea toki mālōlō ʻi he 1871. ʻI ha tohi ongo naʻe toki hiki ʻi he konga kimui ʻo ʻene moʻuí, naʻá ne fakamatalaʻi ai ʻa ʻene laukauʻaki ʻa Siosefa Sāmita, ʻa ia naʻe feʻiloaki mo ia ʻi heʻene ʻaʻahi ki Nāvū ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1840 tupú: “Naʻá ku feʻiloaki heni mo Siosefa Sāmita ʻoku nofo ʻi ha tēniti, kuó ne foaki hono falé ke hoko ko ha falemahaki ki he kakai mahakí! Naʻá ne fai ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē te ne ala lavá ke huʻi atu siʻenau faingataʻaʻiá.”

Naʻe fakaava ʻe he ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki Kānatá “ha matapā ʻaonga” ki hono malangaʻi ʻo e ongoongoleleí mo e fakahaofi ʻo e ngaahi laumālié ʻi ha founga lahi ange ʻo ʻikai taha pē. Naʻe fononga ʻa e ʻAposetolo ko Paʻale P. Palatí ʻi he 1836 ki he konga ki ʻOlunga ʻo Kānatá ke malangaʻi ai ʻa e ongoongoleleí. ʻI heʻene fonongá, naʻe kaungā fononga ai ʻa Palati mo hono tokoua ko ʻOasoní pea mo ʻIliesa Filīmeni Nikasoni. ʻI Hemilitoni, ʻi he konga ki ʻOlunga ʻo Kānatá, naʻe maheni ai ʻa Paʻale P. Palati mo Mōsese Nikasoni. Naʻe ʻoange ʻe Mōsese kia Palati ha tohi fakafeʻiloaki ki ha taha fekumi fakalotu mei Tolonitō naʻe ui ko Sione Teila.

  1. Vakai, Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 5–18, josephsmithpapers.org; vakai foki, “Nickerson, Freeman,” josephsmithpapers.org; Richard E. Bennett, “A Study of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Upper Canada, 1830–1850” (master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 1975), 42; “Mount Pleasant, Upper Canada,” josephsmithpapers.org. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he tokotaha faʻu tohí ʻa ʻene fakamālō kia Melisa Leihoni Kouta mo Sēnoni Keli ki heʻena tokoni ʻi hono fai e fakatotolo ki he fakamatala ko ʻení.

  2. Moses Nickerson, “Autobiography of Moses C. Nickerson,” True Latter Day Saints’ Herald, vol. 17, no. 14 (July 15, 1870), 425; ʻoku ʻikai ke mahino mei he ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni kimuʻá pe naʻe ʻalu ʻa Hilitā ki Ketilani pea toe kaungā ō mo e kulupú ʻi he ngāue fakafaifekau ki Kānatá.

  3. Vakai, “Joseph Smith Pedigree Chart,” josephsmithpapers.org.

  4. Vakai, Joseph Smith postscript, “Letter to Church Leaders in Jackson County, Missouri, 10 August 1833,” 2, josephsmithpapers.org.

  5. Vakai, Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 45.

  6. “Letter to Church Leaders in Jackson County, Missouri, 18 August 1833,” 3, josephsmithpapers.org.

  7. Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 50.

  8. Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 5.

  9. Vakai, Richard Lloyd Anderson, “Joseph Smith’s Journeys,” ʻi he 2006 Church Almanac (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 2005), 141–42.

  10. Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 7.

  11. “Revelation, 12 October 1833 [D&C 100],” 1, josephsmithpapers.org; naʻe fakatonutonu ʻa e fakaʻilonga leá; vakai foki, Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 100:1.

  12. Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 8.

  13. Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 18.

  14. “Revelation, 12 October 1833 [D&C 100],” 1–2, josephsmithpapers.org; vakai foki, Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 100:3–5, 7–8, 13.

  15. Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 9; naʻe fakatonutonu ʻa e sipelá.

  16. Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 13–14, 16–17; vakai foki, Craig James Ostler and William Goddard, “A Brief Descriptive History of the Mormons in Mount Pleasant,” in Regional Studies in Latter-day Saint Church History: Ohio and Upper Canada, ed. Guy L. Dorius, Craig K. Manscill, mo Craig James Ostler (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2006), 125–57.

  17. Vakai, Susa Young Gates [Homespun, pseudonym], Lydia Knight’s History: The First Book of the Noble Women’s Lives Series (Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office, 1883), 22; vakai foki, Joseph Smith, “Journal, 1832–1834,” 18.

  18. “Letter to Moses Nickerson, 19 November 1833,” ʻi he Letterbook 1, 64–65, josephsmithpapers.org.

  19. Tohi ʻa M. C. Nickerson ki he ʻētitá, Evening and the Morning Star, vol. 2, no. 17 (Feb. 1834), 134.

  20. Vakai, Bennett, “Study of the Church,” 75.

  21. Vakai, Ostler and Goddard, “A Brief History.”

  22. “Nickerson, Freeman,” josephsmithpapers.org.

  23. “Nickerson, Eleazer Freeman,” josephsmithpapers.org.

  24. “Nickerson, Moses Chapman,” josephsmithpapers.org.

  25. Moses Nickerson, “Autobiography of Moses C. Nickerson,” 426; fakahihifí ʻi he tatau totonú.

  26. Vakai, Parley P. Pratt, The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt; One of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Chicago: Law, King, and Law, 1888), 142, 145–46; naʻe pehē ʻe Palati naʻe ʻi ai ha tokotaha naʻá na fononga fakataha ko “Misa Nikasoni,” pea ʻoku ʻi ai ha ʻapi ʻo Nikasoni ʻi Kānata, pea naʻe ʻi ai ha tokotaha kehe naʻá ne ʻoange ha paʻanga kiate ia mo ha tohi ko e fakafeʻiloaki mai ʻo Sione Teila. Vakai foki, Parley P. Pratt letter to the editor, Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate, vol. 2, no. 8 (May 1836), 319, ʻa ia naʻe ʻiloʻi ai ʻe Palati ko e niʻihi hono kaungā fonongá ko “O. Palati mo F. Nikasoni.” ʻI he nofo ʻa ʻIliesa Filīmeni Nikasoni he taimi ko ʻeni ʻi Kānatá (naʻe faʻa ui ʻaki ia hono hingoa lotó), pea ʻi he nofo ʻa Filīmeni Nikasoni (ko e tamaí) ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, mahalo ko ʻIliesa Filīmeni ʻa e “F. Nikasoni” naʻe ʻuhinga ki ai ʻa Palatí (vakai, “Nickerson, Freeman” mo e “Nickerson, Eleazer Freeman,” josephsmithpapers.org). Naʻe fakamahino mai ʻe Sione Teila ko e tangata naʻá ne ʻoange ʻa e tohi fakafeʻiloakí ko Mōsese Nikasoni (vakai, “John Taylor, autobiography, 1858,” ʻi he “Historian’s Office histories of the Twelve, 1856–1858, 1861,” Church History Library, Salt Lake City).