“Ko e Foaki Fakahōifua ʻa e ʻApitanga ʻo Saioné,” Puipuituʻa ʻo e Ngaahi Fakahaá (2016)
“Ko e Foaki Fakahōifua ʻa e ʻApitanga ʻo Saioné,” Puipuituʻa ʻo e Ngaahi Fakahaá
Ko e Foaki Fakahōifua ʻa e ʻApitanga ʻo Saioné
Naʻe ʻohovale ʻa e tokotaha taʻu uofulu-mā-ua ko Nētane Polouiní ʻi he lolotonga ʻene malangaʻi ʻa e ongoongoleleí ʻi Konetikati ʻi Fēpueli 1834, ʻi heʻene ongoʻi hono ueʻi ia ke “ʻalu ki he hihifó.” Ko Nētané, naʻe fanauʻi ia ʻi he 1812 ʻi he Nofoʻanga ʻOkositaá ʻi he Vāhenga Kulenivilá, ʻi he tafaʻaki ki ʻOlunga ʻo Kānatá, mo ʻosi papitaiso ʻi he ʻaho 28 ʻo ʻEpeleli 1833, pea naʻá ne fakaʻaongaʻi ha taimi talu mei ai ke malanga ʻi he tafaʻaki fakahahake ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Naʻe fakavavevave ʻo talangofua ki he ueʻí ke ʻalu ki he hihifó. Naʻá ne tohi ʻo pehē, “Naʻá ku hanga leva ʻi he taimi ko iá ki he hihifó, pea kamata ke muimui ʻo foki, pea mo fehuʻi ʻi he taimi tatau, ko e hā kaú ka ʻalu ai ki he hihifó?” Ko e taimi naʻá ne aʻu ai ki Osiuekatisi, ʻi Niu ʻIoké, naʻe talaange ʻe ha talavou ko Lūpeni Futi kuo ʻosi kapusi ʻa e Kāingalotú ia mei he Vahefonua Siakisoni, ʻi Mīsulí, ʻi he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1833 pea naʻe palani ʻa e Palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá ke taki ha kulupu kongakau ke tokoniʻi ʻa e kau mēmpa ʻāuhē ʻo e Siasí. Naʻe ongoʻi ʻe Nētane kuo mahino ki ai ʻa e ʻuhinga naʻe fekauʻi ai ia ʻe he ʻEikí ki he hihifó—koeʻuhí ke lava ʻo kau ʻi he kongakaú.
Naʻe tonu pē ʻa e fakamatala naʻá ne maʻu ʻi ʻOsiuekatisí. ʻI he meimei taimi tatau naʻe ongoʻi ai ʻe Nētane hono ueʻi ke fononga ki he hihifó, mo e aʻu mai ʻa Paʻale P. Pālati mo Laimani Uaiti ki Ketilani, ʻi ʻOhaiō, mei Mīsuli ke fakamatala kia Siosefa Sāmita pea mo e fakataha alēlea ʻi Ketilaní ʻa e tuʻunga fakaʻofa ʻo e Kāingalotú, ʻoku nau meimei nofo kotoa he taimí ni ʻi he Vahefonua Kelei, ʻi Mīsulí. Naʻe fifili ʻa Pālati mo Uaiti pe ʻe founga fēfē pea ko e hā ʻa e taimi ʻe huhuʻi ai ʻa Saioné, ʻo ʻuhinga pe ʻe founga fēfē pea ko e hā ʻa e taimi ʻe toe maʻu ai ʻe he Kāingalotú honau kelekele ʻi he Vahefonua Siakisoní. Hili ʻa e fanongo ʻa Siosefa Sāmita kia Pālati mo Uaití naʻá ne talaange “te ne ʻalu ki Saione ke tokoni ʻi hono huhuʻí” pea mo kole ha niʻihi te nau loto-fiemālie ke ō mo ia.
ʻI he ʻaho tatau pē, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe Siosefa ha fakahā, ʻoku hoko he taimí ni ko e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 103, ʻo fakahinohinoʻi ia ke ne uki ʻo aʻu ki ha toko 500 “ʻo e kakai mālohi ʻo e fale [ʻo e ʻEikí]”—ʻa e kau mēmipa kei talavou mo taʻu 45 ki he 65 ʻo e Siasí—ke nau ō ki Saione, ʻa ia te nau toe fakafoki mai ai ʻa e ngoue vaine ʻa e ʻEikí. ʻI ha ngaahi māhina siʻi kimuʻa atu, ʻi Tīsema 1833, naʻe fakaʻali ange ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e ngāue ko ʻeni ke huhuʻi ʻa Saioné ʻi he fakahā ʻoku hoko he taimí ni ko e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 101. Naʻe ʻi he fakahaá ha tala fakatātā ʻo ha ʻeiki naʻe fakaʻauha ʻe hono ngaahi filí ʻene ngoue vainé, peá ne fekau ʻene tamaioʻeikí ke uki ha kautau ke toe fakafoki mai hono kelekelé. ʻI he fakahā ʻo Fēpueli 1834, naʻe fakamahinoʻi ai ʻe he ʻEikí ko Siosefa Sāmita ʻa e tamaioʻeiki ʻi he tala fakatātaá pea mo fokotuʻu ia ke ne taki ʻa e kongakaú ki Saione.
Naʻe tali ʻe Nētane Polouini ʻa e kole ki ha kau tokoní. ʻI he ʻaho 3 ʻo Mē 1834, naʻe aʻu atu ai ki Ketilani, ko ha ʻaho pē ia ʻe ua kimuʻa pea mavahe ʻa Siosefa mo ha kau tangata ʻi ha kongakau ki Mīsulí. Naʻe ʻi ai foki mo ha niʻihi fakafoʻituitui kehe ʻe toko 20 nai, naʻa nau mavahe mei he Vāhenga Mikisikení ʻi he ʻaho 5 ʻo Meé, ʻo taki kinautolu ʻe Laimani Uaiti mo Hailame Sāmita. ʻI he tātānaki ʻo e kau ako sōtia foʻoú ʻi he halá, naʻe fāifai pea aʻu ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kongakau—naʻe ʻiloa ʻi he taimi ko iá ko e ʻApitanga ʻo ʻIsilelí pea ui kimui ange ko e ʻApitanga ʻo Saioné, ki ha kakai tangata ʻe meimei toko 205 mo ha kakai fefine mo e fānau ʻe toko 25 nai.
Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe Sitenei Likitoni mo ʻŌliva Kautele ʻa e taumuʻa ʻo e fonongá ʻi ha tohi naʻe ʻave ki he Kāingalotu ʻi he kotoa ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ʻo kole ha tokoní. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe he tohi ko iá ʻe laka ʻa e kulupú ki he Vahefonua Keleí, ʻi Mīsuli, ʻa ia ʻe kole ai ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ki he kōvana ʻo Mīsulí ko Taniela Tangikiliní ke ui tokoni ki he kau tau ʻa e puleʻangá, ko ha faʻahinga meʻa naʻe tui ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo ha niʻihi kehe te ne fie fakahoko. ʻE fakafeʻao leva ʻe he kau taú ʻa e Kāingalotú ki honau kelekele ʻi he Vahefonua Siaksoní pea nau toki ʻatā. ʻE kei ʻi ai pē ʻa e ʻApitanga ʻo Saioné, ke hoko ko ha kau tau maluʻi ke fakapapauʻi he ʻikai toe tuli ʻa e kau mēmipa ʻo e Siasí.
Neongo ia, naʻe ʻikai ke ʻilo ʻe ha taha pe ko e hā ʻa e meʻa ʻe fai ʻe kinautolu ʻi Mīsulí ʻi he taimi ʻe hū ai ʻa e ʻApitangá ki he siteití. Naʻe ʻosi ʻamanaki pē ʻa Nētane Polouini ke tau, ʻi heʻene hoko ko e mēmipa ʻo e ʻapitangá, pea ʻi heʻene hoko ko ha taha ʻoku tokanga ki he melinó, naʻá ne hohaʻa ai. Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Polouini, “ʻOku tātā-taha ha meʻa ʻe toe taʻe-fakafiemālie ange te u ongoʻi ka ko hono fakaʻaliʻali ʻo e ngaahi meʻafaná, ka naʻá ku fakatau ha laifolo, ngaahi mahafu tau, mo feinga ke akoʻi pē au ʻi hono fakaʻaongaʻí.”
Ko e ngaahi fakamole ki he ʻapitangá naʻe meimei ke fai kotoa pē ia ʻe kinautolu naʻe kaú. Naʻe foaki ʻe he kau mēmipa ʻo e Siasí ha meimei $300 ki he fonongá ka naʻe ʻikai ke feʻunga. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa mei heʻenau mavahe mei Ketilaní, kuo fakatapui ʻe he kau mēmipa ʻo e ʻapitangá ʻa ʻenau paʻangá mo fokotuʻu ha sinoʻi paʻanga fakalūkufua ki he ngaahi fakamolé. Naʻe ʻi ai ha kau mēmipa ia ʻe niʻihi naʻe ʻikai haʻanau meʻa ke fakatapui; naʻe ʻi ai ha niʻihi kehe, hangē ko Sione Tená, naʻá ne foaki ʻo aʻu ki he $170. Naʻe ongoʻi lāngilangiʻia ʻa Nētane Polouini ia ke ne fakatapui haʻane $14. Naʻe toe fokotuʻutuʻu foki ʻa e ʻapitangá ki ha fanga kiʻi kulupu tautau toko 12, ʻo ʻi ai ha fatongia pau ʻo e tangata takitaha ʻi he kulupú. Naʻe vahe ange kia Nētane ʻa e fatongia ʻo e ʻutu vaí.
ʻI he māhina ʻe taha mo e konga hono hokó, naʻe laka atu ai ʻa Nētane mo e toenga ʻo e ʻApitanga ʻo Saioné ʻi ʻOhaiō, ʻInitiana, mo ʻIlinoisi ki Mīsuli. Naʻe vave ʻa e fonongá, he naʻe fononga ʻa e ʻapitangá ʻi ha maile ʻe 40 ʻi he ʻaho. Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Nētane kimui, “Koeʻuhí naʻe meimei fakafonu kotoa ʻa e ngaahi salioté ʻaki e ngaahi utá, naʻe pau ai ke mau lue lalo.” Naʻe fakaiku ʻeni ki he felāngaaki e vaʻé, fā, pea aʻu ki he “mamulumulu lahi ʻa e ʻuluʻuluʻi vaʻé ʻo viviku ai homau sitōkení ʻi he totó.” Neongo naʻe hanu ha niʻihi ʻi he ʻapitangá, ʻo hangē ko Silivesitā Sāmitá, ʻi he fonongá kotoa, mo fakaliliʻa ʻi he meʻakai naʻe pau ke kai ʻe he ʻapitangá pea mo e siʻi ʻa e vaí, ka naʻe kei kītaki pē ʻa Nētane (fakataha mo e tokolahi taha ʻo e ʻapitangá) ʻo ʻikai lāunga—ʻo aʻu ki ha taimi ko e meʻa pē naʻe lava ke ne inú ko e hahau naʻe tānaki “ʻaki hano epuʻi fakavave ha tisi ʻi he musié.”
ʻI he konga kimuʻa ʻo Sune 1834, naʻe kolosi ai ʻa e ʻapitangá ʻi he Vaitafe Misisipí ki Mīsuli. ʻI he ʻaho 7 ʻo Suné, naʻa nau aʻu atu ki he Vaitafe Māsimá, ʻa ia naʻe tuʻu ai ha kiʻi kolo ʻo e Siasí. ʻI he ʻaho 8 ʻo Suné, naʻe kau fakataha ai ʻa e kulupu mei Ketilaní mo e kulupu mei he Vāhenga Mikisikení, pea hili hanau fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou, naʻe hoko atu leva ʻa e fononga ʻa e ʻapitangá ki he Vahefonua Keleí.
Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Nētane ko e ʻaho 19 ʻo Suné, naʻe kiʻi “mālōlō ai ʻa e kulupú ʻi ha foʻi tafungofunga ʻo ha mangaʻi vai ʻo e Vaitafe Fāngotá (Fishing River), ʻo ofi ki ha falelotu ʻo e Siasi Papitaisó, naʻe langa ʻaki pē ha ngaahi sinoʻi ʻakau naʻe tā.” ʻI he teuteu ko ia ʻe he kulupú ʻa e nofoʻangá ki he efiafí, “naʻe haʻu ha kau tangata kuo nau ʻosi fakamahafu” ʻo talaange ki he kulupú te nau “aʻu ʻi heli ʻoku teʻeki ke pongipongí.” Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Nētane naʻe ʻi ai ha kulupu ʻo ha kau tangata tokolahi—fakafuofua ki he toko 1,600, ka naʻe pehē ʻe he niʻihi ia naʻe meimei toko 500 pē—naʻa nau tatali ke ʻohofi ʻa e ʻapitangá ʻi he tō ʻa e laʻaá. Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Nētané, naʻe ʻikai hano taimi mei hono fai ʻo e fakamanamana ko ʻení, “kuo tuʻulaki mai ha konga ʻao fakapōpōʻuli ʻi he fakahihifó pea fakalalahi ai pē hono lahí pea taimi nounou pē kuo pulia ʻa e lanu pulū ʻo e langí kae ʻuliʻuli, ʻo hangē ʻoku tafihú, pea lolotonga ʻa e ʻuha lōvaí, naʻe tō-takutaku ʻa e matangí pea ko e faʻahinga tapa ʻa e ʻuhilá mo e ʻuʻulu ʻa e maná ʻoku hāhāmolofia ke sio ai mo ongona.” Naʻe tō foki mo e ʻuha maka, naʻe “fuo lalahi [ha niʻihi] ʻo hangē ha ngaahi ipu inu sioʻatá,” ʻo mafesifesi ai ʻa e ngaahi vaʻa ʻo e ʻuluʻakaú pea mafahifahi mo e ngaahi pou ʻaá. Naʻe fakatupu ʻe he matangi mālohí ʻa e vaitafé “ke fā, ʻo ʻikai ai ke nau toe lava ʻo hoko atu pe lava honau ngaahi filí ʻo aʻu kiate kinautolu, kapau naʻa nau fakakaukau ke fai pehē.”
Naʻe lau ʻe Nētane mo e kau mēmipa kehe ʻo e ʻapitangá ko e matangi mālohí ko ha fakamoʻoni ia ki hono maluʻi kinautolu ʻe he ʻOtuá, he naʻá ne taʻofi ʻa e kau tangatá mei haʻanau ʻohofi ʻa e ʻapitangá. Naʻe pehē ʻe Nētane, “Naʻe ʻosi folofola kimuʻa ʻa e ʻEikí te Ne fai ʻa e tau ʻa Hono kāingalotú, pea naʻe hangē naʻe haʻu tonu ʻa e tuʻutuʻuní mei Hono ʻaó, ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e meʻatau ʻa e Langí ke maluʻi ʻEne kau tamaioʻeikí.”
Hili ha ʻaho ʻe ua mei he matangí, kuo hū mai ha kau tangata naʻa nau fakafofongaʻi ʻa e Vahefonua Leí mo Keleí ʻo talaange kia Siosefa Sāmita kuo hanga ʻe he ōmai ʻa e ʻapitangá ʻo fakaʻitaʻi ha konga lahi he fakahihifo ʻo Mīsulí. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻe lipooti ʻe ha ngaahi nusipepa ʻe niʻihi kuo fakatahataha ha kau tangata tokolahi ʻi he Vahefonua Siakisoní, ʻo mateuteu ke lilingi toto, ʻo ka kolosi ʻa e ʻapitangá ʻi he Vaitafe Mīsulí. Naʻe fakahā ange ʻe he kau fakafofonga mei he Vahefonua Leí mo Keleí ki he ʻapitangá “ʻa e meʻa ke fai mo muimui ki ai [ʻa e ʻapitangá] ke lava ʻo maʻu ai” ʻa e “angaʻofa mo e maluʻi” ʻo e kakai he fakahihifo ʻo Mīsulí. Naʻe toe ʻilo foki ʻe Siosefa Sāmita naʻe ʻikai ke loto ʻa e kōvana ia ʻo Mīsulí, ʻa Taniela Tangikilini, ke ui mai e kautau ʻa e puleʻangá ʻi he taimi ko iá, ʻa ia ko hono ʻuhingá he ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha kautau ia ke maluʻi pea mo fakafeʻao fakafoki ʻa e Kāingalotú ki honau ngaahi konga fonua ʻi he Vāhenga Siakisoní.
Naʻe fakahoko leva ʻe Siosefa ʻi he ʻaho 22 ʻo Suné ha fakataha alēlea “ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa” ʻoku totonu ke fai ʻe he ʻapitangá. Naʻá ne tala-kae-tohi ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e fakatahaá ʻa e meʻa ʻoku hoko ʻi he taimí ni ko e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 105—ko ha fakahā, ʻo fakatatau ki he lau ʻa e tokotaha ʻi he ʻapitangá ko Siosefa Holopuluki, “naʻe [fakahā] ai ʻa e fakakaukau ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻo fekauʻaki mo hono huhuʻi ʻo Saioné.” Naʻe fakahinohinoʻi ʻe he fakahaá ʻa kinautolu ʻi he ʻapitangá ʻoku ʻikai ke toe fiemaʻu ke nau huhuʻi ʻa Saione he taimi ko iá, mo fakamamafaʻi ʻe fakahoko ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa e ngaahi tau ʻa Saioné pea kuo fiemaʻu ʻa e kau kaumātuʻa ʻo e Siasí ke fakakoloaʻi ʻaki ʻa e mālohí kimuʻa pea toki hoko ʻa e huhuʻi ʻo Saioné. Naʻe toe fakapapauʻi ange foki ʻe he fakahaá kiate kinautolu naʻe kau aí kuo tali ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa honau taimi mo e paʻanga feilaulauʻi ki he ngāue ʻo Saioné. Kia Nētane Polouini, ko e fakahaá ni “ko e meʻa tali lelei taha ia kiate [ia] ʻi ha toe meʻa kuo fanongo ai kimuʻa, tukukehe pē ʻa e ongoongoleleí.” Naʻe ʻikai ke tui tatau mo ia ha kau mēmipa ʻe niʻihi ʻo e ʻapitangá. Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Nētane naʻe hē ha niʻihi mei he tuí koeʻuhí he naʻa nau taʻefiemālie ʻi he ʻikai tuku ke nau taú.
ʻI he ʻikai ke toe fiemaʻu ʻa e ʻapitangá ke nau huhuʻi ʻa Saioné, naʻe kamata leva ke nau mātuku. Naʻe fakavaveʻi ʻa e tukuange ko ʻení ʻi he taimi naʻe tō ai ʻa e kōlelá ʻi he ʻapitangá, ʻi he fakaʻosinga ʻo Suné. Naʻe mate ha kau mēmipa ʻe toko hongofulu mā tolu ʻo e ʻapitangá, pea pehē mo ha ongo mēmipa ʻo e Siasí naʻá na nofo ʻi Mīsulí. Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Nētane, “Ko ha niʻihi ʻo e kau tangata lelei taha ʻi he ʻapitangá” naʻa nau mate ʻi he mahaki fakaʻauhá. Ko Nētane mo kinautolu kehe naʻe kau ka naʻe ʻikai ke nau puke ʻi he mahakí, naʻe moʻua ʻi hono tokangaʻi ʻo kinautolu naʻe puké.
ʻI he ʻaho 1 ʻo Siulai ʻo e 1834, naʻe tukuange fakaʻofisiale ai ʻa Nētane mei he ʻapitangá, fakataha mo ha konga ʻo ʻene paʻanga naʻe fakatapui ka naʻe teʻeki ai fakaʻaongaʻí. Naʻe tonu ke fakafoki ange ʻa e $1.16 ka naʻá ne maʻu pē ʻa e paʻanga ʻe taha he naʻe ʻikai ke nau maʻu ʻa e vete totonú. Naʻá ne fononga foki leva ki Ketilani ʻi he ngaahi uike hono hokó mo e paʻanga pē ʻe taha ko iá ke moʻui ai.
Neongo naʻá ne foua ʻa e fiekaiá mo e ngaahi faingataʻá ʻi he fonongá, ka naʻe fakatoka ʻe he taimi ʻo Nētane Polouini mo e ʻApitanga Saioné ha fakavaʻe ki he toenga ʻo ʻene moʻuí. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuó ne maʻu ʻa e faingamālie ke kau ʻi he Akoʻanga ʻo e kau kaumātuʻá ʻi Ketilani, fakataha mo Siosefa Sāmita mo ha kau ako kehe. Naʻá ne toe kau foki ʻi he kau mēmipa ʻo e ʻapitangá naʻe ui ke ngāue ʻi he ʻuluaki Kōlomu ʻo e Kau Fitungofulú. Te ne manatuʻi maʻu ai pē ʻa e meʻa naʻe folofola ʻaki ʻe he ʻEikí ʻi he vahe 105 fekauʻaki mo kinautolu naʻe kau ʻi he ʻapitangá: “Kuó u fanongo ki heʻenau ngaahi lotú, pea te u tali ʻa ʻenau feilaulaú.”