Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Meesi Tomusoni pea mo e Fakahā ki he Malí


“Meesi Tomusoni pea mo e Fakahā ki he Malí,” Puipuituʻa ʻo e Ngaahi Fakahaá (2016)

“Meesi Tomusoni pea mo e Fakahā ki he Malí,” Puipuituʻa ʻo e Ngaahi Fakahaá

Meesi Tomusoni pea mo e Fakahā ki he Malí

T&F 132

Meesi Filitingi Tomusoni

Ko Meesi Filitingi Tomusoní naʻe ʻi he tumutumu ʻo ʻene moʻuí ʻi he taimi naʻe mate fakafokifā ai ʻi he mofi malēliá ʻi he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1841, ʻa ia naʻe tofanga ai siʻi Kāingalotu tokolahi ʻi he feituʻu ano namua ʻi he ongo kauvai ʻo e Vaitafe Misisipí. Ko e sekelitali fakataautaha ia ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo e kaungā ʻētita ʻo e nusipepa ʻa e Siasí, Times and Seasons, pea naʻe hangē ka ʻi ai ha kahaʻu lelei ʻo Tomusoní. Naʻá ne moʻui lelei pē. Hili ha ʻaho ʻe hongofulu mei ai kuó ne siʻi mālōlō, ʻo fakangata ai ʻene moʻuí ʻi hono taʻu tolungofulú, kae siʻi teunoa hono uaifí mo e ʻofefine kei taʻu tolú.

Ko Tomusoní naʻe ʻikai ko ha tangata faingataʻa ia ke ʻofaʻi. Naʻe manatua ia ʻe he ngaahi kaungāmeʻá ko ha “husepāniti ʻofa, ko ha mātuʻa angalelei mo ha kaungāmeʻa moʻoni mo faivelenga.” Naʻe tanganeʻia siʻono uaifi ko Mēsí ʻi heʻene toʻá, ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo ʻene moʻuí. “Naʻá ne ʻūkuma hono faingataʻaʻiá ʻi he Kātaki lahi, ʻo ʻikai haʻane teitei lāunga.” Naʻá ne pehē naʻá ne fakaʻaongaʻi hono ngaahi momeniti fakaʻosí ke fakamoʻoniʻi “naʻe ʻikai ke ne muimui ki he ngaahi talanoa faʻu ʻo e ngaahi Fepalé, ka naʻe omi ia mei Tangihila [Dunghill] ʻo ʻai ke nofo ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau Pilinisí.”

Ko e mate fakafokifā ʻa ha mēmipa ʻo ha fāmili, naʻe hoko ia ko ha meʻa naʻe lahilahi angamaheni ʻene hoko ʻi he hisitōlia kotoa ʻo e tangatá. Naʻe faʻa meimei ke hoko ia ʻi he kakai fefiné, ʻi haʻanau mālōlō ʻi hano fanauʻi ha valevale pea tuku ai siʻi longaʻi fānaú ke nau tupu hake taʻe te nau ongoʻi e nima tauhi ʻofa ʻa ʻenau faʻeé. Naʻe toki aʻu ki he senituli 20 ʻa e malava ha ngaahi fāmili lahi ʻi he ngaahi fonua fakalakalaká ʻo ʻamanaki he ʻikai toe mate ha kiʻi valevale pe ko ha fānau kei iiki ʻi ha fakatuʻutāmaki pe mahaki. Talu mei he kamataʻanga ʻo e taimí, mo e hoko ʻa e maté ko ha fakamanatu ki he pelepelengesi ʻo e moʻuí pea mo ʻetau fakaʻānaua ke kei hokohoko atu peé.

ʻI he faʻahinga tūkunga fehangahangai ko ʻeni mo e tukufakaholo ʻo e maté, naʻe talaʻofa ai ʻi ha fakahā naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ko ʻetau ngaahi vā fetuʻutaki ʻoku fakamahuʻingaʻi lahi tahá ʻe lava ke hokohoko atu ia ʻi he moʻui ka hokó. ʻE lava ke toe fakataha ʻa e faʻeé mo e tamaí, ʻa e uaifí mo e husepānití, ʻa e mātuʻá mo e fānaú, ʻa ʻetau feohi fakakāingá mo e feʻofaʻakí ʻo aʻu ki he taʻengatá. Ko e ngaahi tūkunga fakaofo ʻo e ngaahi talaʻofa ko ʻení ʻoku maʻu ia ʻi he fakahā ko ʻení, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻiloa he ʻahó ni ko e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132.

Ko Langi mo Māmani

Naʻe tuʻuloa mai ha ongo fakakaukau ʻe ua fekauʻaki mo e langí ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e taʻu ʻe 2,000 ʻo e hisitōlia ʻo e Kalisitiané. Ko e fakakaukau angamaheni tahá ʻoku pehē ʻoku ʻi ai ha kau ʻāngelo taautaha mo ʻikai mali ʻoku nau moihū mo fakahīkihikiʻi ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi he leʻo pē taha. ʻOku ʻomai ʻe he fakakaukau ko ʻení ha tuʻunga faikehekehe lahi ʻi he māmani ko ʻení pea mo e maama ka hokó pea ʻokú ne fakamonūʻiaʻi ai e tufakanga ʻo e ʻatamaí ʻi he moʻui hili ʻa e maté. ʻOku nofo ʻa e tokangá ʻi he fakalaulauloto ki he ʻOtuá mo Hono māfimafí, kae ʻikai ʻi he vā fetuʻutaki ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. ʻOku fakataimi pē ʻa e ngaahi fehokotaki fakaemāmaní pea naʻe fakataumuʻa ke ngata pē ia ʻi he maté.

Ko e tefitoʻi fakakaukau ʻe tahá ʻokú ne fakamamafaʻi ʻa e ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi kaungāmeʻa mo e fāmili ʻi he hili ʻa e maté. ʻOku kei hoko atu pē ʻa e moihū ki he ʻOtuá, ka ʻe hoko ʻa e feohi ʻa e ngaahi ʻofaʻangá ʻo mahuʻinga ki he fiefia taʻengatá. ʻOku fehulunaki ʻa e maama fakamāmaní mo e maama taʻengatá, pea ʻe hoko mo e moʻui angamahení ko e konga ʻo e ngāue toputapu ʻa e ʻOtuá. Naʻe tupulaki ʻa e manakoa ʻo e foʻi fakakaukau ʻo ha hēvani fiefiá ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e senituli 19. Naʻe maʻu ʻe he taha faʻu tohi ʻAmelika ko ʻElisapeti Situati Felipisí ʻa e manakoa lahi ʻo e fakakaukau ko ʻení maʻa ha toʻu tangata naʻe mole kei iiki ai honau kāingá ʻi he Tau Fakalotofonua ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. ʻOku fehuʻi ʻe he tohi talanoa ʻa Felipisi ko e The Gates Ajar ʻo pehē, “ʻE ngali nai mo Ia ke tuku ha moʻui ʻe ua ke na tupu fakataha heni, koeʻuhí ke fakamamahi ʻa e ʻaho ʻo e māvaé, pea toki fakamāvaeʻi kinaua ʻi hono kotoa ʻo ʻitānití?”

Naʻe ʻikai ke feinga ʻa e fakahā naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmita fekauʻaki mo e malí, ʻa ia naʻe lekooti ʻi Siulai 1843, ke fakatatau ʻa e moʻui ʻi he maama ka hokó ki he sīpinga ʻo e kuonga ʻo Vikatōliá ʻo hangē ko ia naʻe fai ʻe Felipisí. Naʻe fakamahinoʻi pē ʻe he fakahaá ʻe hokohoko atu ʻa e feohi ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ka ʻi ha makatuʻunga pau. Ko e ngaahi tukupā fakasōsiale kotoa pē ʻoku pau ke ngata ia ʻi he maté tukukehe kapau naʻe fakahoko kinautolu koeʻuhí ko ʻitāniti pea mo fakahoko ia ʻe ha taha ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e mafai lakanga fakataulaʻeikí ke silaʻi ʻi māmani ʻo hangē ko ia ʻi he langí. Ko e ngaahi mali ʻoku hoko atu ʻi he hili ʻo ʻetau maté, ʻoku pehē ʻe he vahe 132, ʻoku fakahoko ia “ki he nofo taimí pea mo e taʻengatá kotoa,” pea ʻoku “fakamaʻu ia ʻaki ʻa e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoni ʻo e talaʻofá, ʻo ia … ʻa ia kuó u fili ʻi māmani ke ne maʻu ʻa e mālohi ní.” Ko kinautolu ko ia ʻoku ʻikai ke kau ki he fuakava pehení, kimuʻa ʻi he Toetuʻu ʻa e kau pekiá, te nau hoko ko e “ʻāngelo ʻi he langí,” ʻo vahe ke nau “nofo tāutaha mo toko taha pē.”

Meesi mo Lōpeti

Naʻe fāʻeleʻi ʻa Meesi Lesieli Filitingi ʻi he 1807 ki he kau Metotisi mateaki naʻa nau faama ʻi ha kiʻi kolo ʻi he feituʻu ʻutá ne maile ʻe 60 ki he fakatokelau ʻo Lonitoní. ʻI hono taʻu uofulu mā faá, naʻa ne hiki ki ʻIoke (ko Tolonitō ia he taimi ní), ʻi Kānata, fakataha mo hono tuongaʻane lahi ko Siosefá. Naʻe vave pē ʻa e aʻu atu hona tokoua mo e tuofefine ko Melé, pea kamata ʻalu leva ʻa e toko tolu ko ʻeni mei he fāmili Filitingí ki he ngaahi fakataha ʻa e kulupu ʻo e kau Metotisí ʻa ia naʻa nau tui kuo hē kotoa ʻa e ngaahi siasi naʻa nau ʻiloʻí. Ko e taimi naʻe tūʻuta atu ai ʻa e faifekau ko Paʻale P. Pālatí ki ʻIoke ʻi he faʻahitaʻu failau ʻo e 1836, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe he fāmili Filitingí ʻa e tali ki heʻenau palopalemá. Naʻe papitaiso ʻa Meesi, Mele, mo Siosefa ʻi ha kiʻi anovai fakalotofonua pē, pea naʻa nau hiki ki he hetikuota ʻo e Siasí ʻi Ketilani, ʻOhaiō, ʻi he faʻahitaʻu failau hono hokó.

ʻI Kānatá, naʻe feʻiloaki ai ʻa Meesi mo Lōpeti Palaseli Tomusoni, pea naʻe faitatau pē ʻena palaní ʻi ha ngaahi founga lahi. Naʻe fanauʻi [ʻa Lōpeti] ʻi ʻIokesaea, ʻIngilani, pea naʻá ne kau pē ʻi heʻene kei talavoú ki ha kulupu ʻo ha kau fakafepaki naʻe ui ko e Sōsaieti ʻo e ʻUluaki Metotisí, ʻa ia naʻa nau feinga ke toe fakafoki mai ʻa e ngaahi meʻafoaki fakalaumālié. Naʻá ne hiki ki Kānata ʻi he 1834, ʻo fanongo ai ʻi he pōpoaki ʻa Paʻale P. Pālatí pea papitaiso ʻi he māhina tatau pē mo e kau Filitingí. Naʻe fakanatula pē ʻa e fehokotaki fakalaumālie ʻa Lōpeti Tomusoni mo Meesi Filitingí, pea ʻi heʻenau aʻu pē ki Ketilaní, naʻá na mali ʻi Sune ʻo e 1837.

ʻI he hili ʻa e malí, naʻe kamata ke nofo ʻa e tokoua ʻo Meesi ko Melé mo ha ngaahi kāinga (cousins) ʻo Siosefa mo Hailame Sāmita, pea naʻe lava ai ke ne maheni ange mo e ongo tautehiná ni, pea fakaʻau pē ʻo vave ʻene ʻofa ʻiate kinauá. Naʻá ne ongoʻi fakaʻofaʻia moʻoni ʻia Hailame ʻi he taimi naʻe mālōlō ai siʻono uaifi ko Selusá ʻi he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1837, = hili haʻane fāʻele faingataʻa ʻo liʻaki ai siʻena kiʻi fānau ʻe toko nimá ʻa ia naʻa nau taʻu siʻi kotoa ʻi he taʻu 10, ʻo ʻikai siʻanau faʻē. Naʻe fehuʻi ʻe Siosefa ki he ʻEikí pe ko e hā e meʻa ʻoku totonu ke fai ʻe Hailamé. Ko e talí ʻoku totonu ke ne mali leva mo Mele Filitingi. ʻI he falala ʻa Mele ki he ueʻi fakalaumālie ʻa Siosefá, naʻá ne mali ai mo Hailame ʻi he Efiafi Kimuʻa he Kilisimasi ʻo e 1837.

Talu mei ai, mo e fehokotaki vāofi ʻa e moʻui ʻa Meesi mo Lōpetí pea mo e moʻui ʻa Mele mo Hailamé. Naʻe taki ʻe Hailame ʻa e fāmili Tomusoní ʻi he fononga maile ʻe tahaafe mei ʻOhaiō ki Mīsulí, ʻa ē naʻe hiki mai ki ai ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻi he 1838. Kimui ange aí, ko e taimi naʻe tuku pōpula ai ʻa Hailame mo Siosefa ʻi he Fale Fakapōpula Lipetií, naʻe ʻaʻahi ʻa Meesi mo Mele ki he ongo pōpulá ʻi ha pō momoko ʻi Fēpueli, fakataha mo e foha foʻou kei valevale ʻo Hailame ko Siosefa F., ko e palōfita ʻi he kahaʻú. Koeʻuhí naʻe toki fāʻele valevale pē mo Meesi, naʻá ne fakahuhu ʻa Siosefa F. ʻi he taimi ko ia ne faʻa puke lahi ai ʻa Mele ke ne fakahoko iá. Naʻe tauhi pē ʻe Meesi mo Lōpeti a e fānau ʻa Hailame mo Melé ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e taimi naʻe tuku pōpula ai ʻa Hailamé, pea ʻi Nāvuú, naʻe langa ʻe he ongo fāmilí hona ongo ʻapí ʻo tuʻu fakataha pē.

Naʻe toe vāofi ange ʻa e fāmili Sāmitá mo e fāmili Tomusoní ʻi he hili ʻa e mālōlō ʻa Lōpetí. ʻI ha pō ʻe taha ʻi he faʻahitaʻu failau ʻo e 1843, naʻe lolotonga mohe ʻa Meesi ʻi he ʻapi ʻo Melé ke leʻo mo hono tokouá ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e mavahe ʻa Hailame mei Nāvū ʻi ha ngāue. Naʻe misi ai ʻa Meesi ʻokú ne tuʻu ʻi ha ngoue mo Lōpeti. Naʻá ne ongoʻi ha taha ʻokú ne toe lau mai ʻena fuakava ʻi he malí, neongo naʻe ʻikai ke ne ʻilo pe ko e leʻo ʻo hai naʻá ne fanongo ki aí. Koeʻuhí kuó ne maheni mo e ngaahi founga kehekehe ʻoku folofola ai ʻa e ʻOtuá, naʻe mahino kia Meesi ko e misí ko ha pōpoaki ia mei he ʻOtuá. “Naʻá ku ʻā ʻi he Pongipongí ʻo mālieʻia lahi ʻi he Misí ka naʻe ʻikai ke u lava ʻo fakaʻuhingaʻi.”

Naʻe foki mai ʻa Hailame kimui ange ʻi he pō ko iá ʻo fakamatala “ha misi fakaofo ʻaupito” naʻá ne maʻu ʻi he lolotonga ʻo ʻene mamaʻo mei ʻapí. Naʻá ne mamata ki hono uaifi ko Selusa kuo pekiá mo ha toko ua ʻo ʻena fānau kuo mate kei valevalé. Naʻe tatau pē ʻa e kei fifili ʻa Hailame ki he ʻuhinga ʻo ʻene misí mo Meesi. Ka naʻe fakaofo ʻa e taimi ʻo e ongo misí. ʻI heʻene aʻu mai ki hono ʻapí, naʻe maʻu ʻe Hailame ha pōpoaki mei hono tokoua ko Siosefá ʻoku kole mai ke ne ʻalu ange ki hono ʻapí. Naʻe lipooti ʻe Meesi ʻo pehē, “Naʻe ʻohovale” ʻa Hailame ʻi heʻene toki ʻilo naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa ha fakahā ʻoku pehē ai ko e “ngaahi mali ʻoku aleapau ki he moʻuí ni peé ʻoku ngata pē ia ʻi taimi pea ʻoku ʻikai ke toe tolonga atu ia kae ʻoua kuo toe ʻai ha aleapau foʻou, ki he Kotoa ʻo ʻItānití.” Naʻe toki lekooti ʻa e fakahā ko ʻení kimui mo tali ko e folofola ʻi he Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132.

Kuo mate ʻa Lōpeti Tomusoni, pea pehē foki kia Selusa Sāmita. ʻE fēfē hano toe ʻai ha aleapau mali foʻou kapau ko e hoa mali pē ʻe taha ʻoku kei moʻuí? Ko e tali ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá ʻe lava ha taha moʻui ʻo hoko ko ha fakafofonga maʻá e tokotaha pekiá. Talu mei he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1840, mo e fakahoko ʻe he Kāingalotú ha ngaahi papitaiso fakafofonga maʻa ʻenau ngaahi kui ne pekia kuo teʻeki ai ke nau fanongo ki he ongoongolelei kuo fakafoki maí. ʻE fakaʻaongaʻi he taimí ni ʻa e tefitoʻi moʻoni tatau ki he malí. ʻE lava ke “silaʻi” ʻa e husepānití mo e uaifí, ʻo fakamaʻu ia ʻi he langí ʻo hangē ko hono fakamaʻu ʻi māmaní. Ko ha mali naʻe ngata pē ʻi taimi—“kae ʻoua ke fakamāvae kimoua ʻe he maté”—ʻe lava ke toe fakahoko ia “ki taimi mo e kotoa ʻo ʻitānití,” ʻo silaʻi ʻe he mafai ʻo e lakanga fakataulaʻeikí. ʻI he foungá ni, ʻe lava leva ʻa e malí ke tolonga ʻo aʻu ki he taʻengatá.

Naʻe fakafiefia ʻa e foʻi fakakaukaú kia Meesi. Naʻe ʻikai ha toe fehuʻia te ne fili ke nofo mo Lōpeti ʻo taʻengata, ʻo ka ʻoange ha faingamālie ke fai pehē. Naʻá ne ʻofa kia Lōpeti mo loto ke ofi kiate ia. Ko e faʻahinga tangata ia naʻá ne ueʻi fakalaumālie [ʻa Meesi] ke ne hoko ko e tokotaha naʻá ne fiemaʻu lahi taha ke hoko ki aí, ko ha ākonga ʻa e ʻEiki ko Sīsū Kalaisí. Naʻá ne pehē fekauʻaki mo Lōpeti, “He ʻikai faingofua ke mafakatataua ia ʻi he angavaivaí, loto-fakatōkilaló, mo e faitotonú”.

ʻI ha pongipongi Mōnite ʻe taha ʻi he konga kimui ʻo Mē 1843, naʻe fakataha ai ʻa Meesi Tomusoni mo hono tokoua ko Melé, fakataha mo Hailame mo Siosefa Sāmita, ʻi ha loki ʻi he fungavaka ua ʻo e fale ʻo Siosefá. Naʻe fakahoko ʻe Siosefa ʻa e mali ʻa Meesi mo Lōpetí ki taimi mo ʻitānití kae fakafofongaʻi ʻe Hailame ʻa Lōpeti. Hili ʻa e ouau ko ʻení, naʻe fakahoko leva ʻe Siosefa ʻa e mali ʻa Hailame mo Melé ki taimi mo ʻitāniti. Naʻe ʻikai ha hulufau ʻa e fiefia ʻa Mēsí. Naʻá ne pehē, “Mahalo ʻe fakakaukau ha niʻihi te u mānumanu ki ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi lāngilangi ʻo Kuini Vikatōliá. He ʻikai lava ia ke pehē he kuo tuʻu muʻomuʻa hoku hingoá ʻi he lisi ʻo e kakai fefine ʻi he Kuonga Fakakosipeli ko ʻení kuo silaʻi ki hono Husepāniti kuo Pekiá ʻo fakafou ʻi he Fakahā fakalangí.”

Mali Tokolahí

Naʻe maʻu ʻe Meesi Tomusoni ha fiemālie lahi ʻi heʻene sila ki hono husepāniti kuo pekiá, ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e taʻelatá mo e taʻe-paú. Ka ʻe toki hoko ʻa e ngaahi talaʻofa ko iá ʻi he itānití ʻi ha taimi ʻe toe fakataha ai ʻa e ongomātuʻa Tomusoní. Ka ʻi he taimi ní, kuo pau ke hoko atu e moʻui ʻa Mēsí mo tauhi ʻene tamá. Ko hai te ne tauhi kinauá? ʻI he feituʻu mo e kuonga ʻo Mēsí, naʻe siʻi ha ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻui ia ki he kakai fefiné. Hili siʻi mālōlo ʻa Lōpetí, naʻá ne fakahoko ʻa e meʻa naʻe fai ʻe he kau uitoú ʻi ha ngaahi senituli lahi: naʻá ne ʻomi ha kakai ʻo nofo totongi ʻi hono ʻapí. Naʻá ne fakamatalaʻi, “ʻI he ngāue ʻosikiavelengá mo e tāpuaki ʻa e ʻEikí, naʻe feau ai ʻema ngaahi fiemaʻú.”

Neongo ia, ka “ko ha moʻui mātuʻaki fakataʻelata ia,” pea “koeʻuhí ko e ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha faʻahinga Takaua ʻo ha Husepānití, naʻe tupu ai ʻeku tēngihia mamahi ʻo uesia lahi ai siʻeku Moʻuí.” ʻI he tui ʻa e Kāingalotú, ʻoku fonu ʻa māmani ʻi he ngaahi fetuʻutaki fakalangí, pea ʻoku fakafatongiaʻaki ʻa e kau ʻāngeló ʻa hono fakafiemālieʻi ʻa kinautolu ʻoku mamahí. ʻI he lolotonga ʻo e faʻahitaʻu māfana ko iá, naʻe ʻaʻahi mai ha ʻāngelo kia Siosefa Sāmita. Ko ʻene kalake ia kimuʻa ko Lōpeti Tomusoní. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe Meesi, “naʻe tuʻo lahi haʻane toutou hā kia [Siosefa] ʻo talaange naʻe ʻikai ke ne loto ke u maʻu ha faʻahinga moʻui fakataʻelata pehē.” Naʻe pehē ʻe Meesi naʻe fokotuʻu ange ʻe he ʻāngeló ha founga: ʻOku totonu ke “silaʻi au [ʻe Hailame] kiate ia ki he moʻuí ni pē.” Ko hono fakalea ʻe tahá, naʻe kole ʻe Lōpeti Tomusoni ke mali ʻa Hailame mo Meesi ko ha uaifi fika ua ki he moʻuí ni, “ki taimi pē.” Lolotonga iá, ʻe kei silaʻi pē ʻa Meesi mo Lōpeti ʻi ʻitāniti.

ʻI he meimei taimi tatau ʻo e hā mai ʻa Lōpeti Tomusoní, naʻe tukupā ai ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻa e vahe 132 ki hono hiki mo tala-kae-tohi ʻa e fakahaá ki heʻene sekelitali ko Uiliami Keleitoní ʻi he kiʻi ʻōfisi ʻi mui he falekoloa piliki kulokula ʻa Siosefá. Naʻe ʻosi ʻiloʻi fuoloa pē ʻe Siosefa ia ha konga ʻo e fakahaá kimuʻa, mahalo ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1831 ʻi he lolotonga ʻene ngāue ki heʻene liliu fakalaumālie ʻo e Fukava Motuʻá. Naʻe fehuʻi ʻe Siosefa ki he ʻOtuá ʻi ha lotu, ko e hā ʻa e ʻuhinga naʻá ne fakatonuhiaʻi ai ʻa ʻĒpalahame, ʻAisake, Sēkope mo ha niʻihi kehe ke nau “maʻu ha ngaahi uaifi tokolahi mo e ngaahi sinifu tokolahí”? Naʻe ʻikai ke mahino ʻa e talí ʻi he taimi pē ko iá koeʻuhí he naʻe ʻikai ke tali ʻe he anga fakafonua mo e tupuʻanga ʻo Siosefá ʻa e mali tokolahí. Naʻe tali mahino mo fakahangatonu mai pē ʻe he fakahaá: Kuo “fekau” ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa e mali tokolahí pea koeʻuhí ko e kau pēteliake ʻo e tohi tapú “naʻe ʻikai te nau fai ha toe meʻa kehe ka ko ia pē naʻe fekau kiate kinautolú, ko ia kuo nau hū ai ki honau hakeakiʻí.”

Naʻe tali ai ʻe he vahe 132 ha fehuʻi kuo fuoloa hono tālangaʻi ʻi he ʻulungaanga faka-Uēsité. Naʻe ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá ʻa kinautolu naʻe fakafekiki naʻe fakangofua ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa e mali tokolahí ʻi he kakai ʻi he kuonga muʻá. Naʻe fakakaukau ʻa Seni ʻOkusitino ia ko e mali tokolahi ʻi he Fuakava Motuʻá ko ha “sākalamēniti” ia ʻokú ne fakataipe ʻa e ʻaho ʻe moʻulaloa ai ʻa e ngaahi siasi ʻi he puleʻanga kotoa kia Kalaisí. Naʻe pehē ʻe Mātini Lūtelo: Ko ʻĒpalahamé ko ha tangata angamaʻa ia pea naʻe hoko ʻene mali mo Hekaʻaá ke fakakakato ai ʻa e ngaahi talaʻofa toputapu ʻa e ʻOtuá ki he pēteliaké. Naʻe fakamahamahalo ʻa Lūtelo ʻe lava ke fakaʻatā ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa e mali tokolahí ʻi he kuonga fakaonopōní ka ʻi ha ngaahi tūkunga fakangatangata. Naʻá ne pehē “ʻOku ʻikai ke toe fekauʻi ia, pe ʻe tapuʻi ia.”

Naʻe ʻi he tafaʻaki leva ʻe taha ʻo e tālangá ʻa kinautolu naʻe fakafekiki naʻe hē ʻa e kau pēteliake ʻo e Fuakava Motuʻá ʻi heʻenau fakahoko ʻa e mali tokolahí. Naʻe tui ʻa Sione Kalavini, naʻe moʻui ʻi he taimi tatau mo Lūtelo ʻi he senitul 16, naʻe fakameleʻi ʻe he mali tokolahí ʻa e “fokotuʻutuʻu maau ʻo e fakatupú” naʻe fokotuʻu ʻi he mali ʻa ʻĀtama mo ʻIvi ʻi he Ngoue ko ʻĪtení. Naʻe maʻu ʻe Kalavini ha tākiekina mālohi fau ki he fuofua fakakaukau fakalotu ʻa e kakai ʻAmeliká. Naʻe ʻikai ke tui ʻa e kakai kotoa ia ʻo ʻAmeliká naʻe fehalaaki ʻa e kau pēteliake ʻo e tohi tapú, ka ko e meimei kotoa ʻo e kakai ʻi he taimi ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá naʻa nau muimui tatau kia Kalaivini ʻi he tui naʻe hala pē hono fakahoko ʻo e mali tokolahí ia ʻi he kuonga fakaonopōní ʻi ha faʻahinga tūkunga pē.

Ka naʻe tali ʻe he vahe 132 ʻa e ngaahi fehuʻi ʻi he tālanga ko ʻení, ʻo fakatonuhiaʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa naʻe fai ʻe he kau pēteliaké ʻi he leʻo tonu ʻo e ʻOtuá. Naʻe pehē ʻe he fakahaá, kuo tokoni ʻa e mali tokolahí ki hono fakahoko ʻo e palōmesi ʻa e ʻOtuá naʻe fai kia ʻĒpalahame ʻe hoko hono hakó ʻo “taʻefaʻalaua ʻo hangē ko e ngaahi fetuʻú.” Ka neongo ia, naʻe hoko atu ʻa e fakahaá ke fai ha meʻa lahi ange ʻi hono fakatonuhiaʻi pē ʻo e kau pēteliaké. ʻI heʻenau hoko ko e hako ʻo ʻĒpalahamé, naʻe fekauʻi ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻi ha taimi ke nau fakahoko ʻa e mali tokolahí. “Ko ia, ke mou ʻalu, ʻo fai ʻa e ngaahi ngāue ʻa ʻĒpalahamé.”

Naʻe kiʻi momou ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ke fakahoko ʻa e mali tokolahí ʻi he kamataʻangá, he naʻá ne ʻiloʻi moʻoni ʻa e fakatanga te ne ʻomi ki he Siasí. Ko e mali pē mo e toko tahá naʻe hoko ko e faʻunga ʻo e mali fakalao naʻe tali ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, pea naʻe pau ko e fakafepakí ʻe fefeka. Naʻe pau ke fakalotoʻi ʻa Siosefa ki he natula taau ʻo e mali tokolahí. Naʻe tuʻo tolu ʻa e hā mai ha ʻāngelo kiate ia, ʻo fakaʻaiʻai ia ke ne ngāue ʻo fakatatau mo e fakahinohinó. Naʻe fāifai peá ne fakahoko ʻa e mali tokolahí mo fakafeʻiloaki ʻa e tefitoʻi moʻoní ki ha kāingalotu kehe ʻo e Siasí ʻi Nāvū ʻi he 1841. ʻI hono hiki ʻo e fakahaá naʻe lava ai ʻo faingofua ange ke ne fakamalofa ʻa e pōpoaki ʻo e fekau foʻoú ni, ʻa ia naʻe kamataʻi fakaalaala mo fakakongokonga.

Meesi mo Hailame

Naʻe mahuʻingaʻia ʻa Meesi Tomusoni ʻi he mali taʻengatá ʻo laka ange ʻi he mali tokolahí. Koeʻuhí ko e founga ne ohi hake ai iá pea mo hono ʻulungāngá, naʻá ne fakafepakiʻi ai ʻa e mali mo ha tangata kuo ʻosi malí. Ko e faingamālie ko ia ke nofo ʻi he ʻapi tatau mo hono tokoua ka ko hono kaungāmeʻa mamae ko Melé, naʻe ʻikai tokoni ia ke fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻene taʻe-fiemālié. Naʻe fekau ʻe Siosefa ʻa Mele ke ʻalu ʻo talanoa mo Meesi fekauʻaki mo e [mali mo Hailamé], ʻi heʻene fakakaukau ʻe tali lelei ange ai. Ka naʻe ʻikai mahuʻinga ia pe ko hai naʻe fekauʻí. Naʻe pehē ʻe Meesi, “Ko e taimi naʻe fuofua fakahoko mai ai kiate au ʻa e meʻá ni, naʻe fehangahangai moʻoni ia mo hoku ngaahi tukufakaholo kimuʻá pea naʻe fakafepakiʻi ia ʻe he ngaahi ongo fakanatula kotoa ʻo hoku Lotó.”

Naʻe hoko atu leva ʻa Hailame ʻo lea ki ai. Naʻá ne fakaʻofaʻia ʻi he ngaahi ongo ʻa Mēsí, he naʻá ne fakafepakiʻi ʻe ia kimuʻa ʻa e mali tokolahí. Naʻe feinga foki ʻa Siosefa ke ne sivisiviʻi ʻa e loto ʻo hono tokouá, ‘o ʻikai ke ne fakahā ʻa e akonaki mātuʻaki faingataʻa mo pelepelengesi ko ʻení, kae ʻoua kuo lava ke fakalotoʻi ʻa Hailame. Naʻe iku ʻo toki ului kakato ʻa Hailame ki he tefitoʻi moʻoní ʻi he taimi naʻá ne ʻilo ai kuó ne mali mo ha ongo fafine ʻi māmani naʻe ʻikai ke ne makātakiʻi ke māvae mo kinaua ʻi ʻitāniti. ʻI he ʻaho tatau naʻá ne sila ai kia Mele ki taimi mo ʻitānití, naʻe hoko ʻa Mele ko ha fakafofonga ʻi hono silaʻi ia kia Selusá, ʻo silaʻi ai ʻa Hailame ki hono ongo uaifí fakatouʻosi ki he taʻengatá.

Naʻe ʻikai ko e kolé ke hoko ʻa Meesi ko e uaifi ʻo Hailame ki ʻitāniti. Ko e pōpoaki meia Lōpeti Tomusoní ʻoku totonu ke mali ʻa Hailame mo Meesi ki taimi pē; pe, ʻi he fakalea ʻa Mēsí, kae ʻoua kuo aʻu ki ha taimi ʻe “tuku hake au ʻe [Hailame] ʻi he pongipongi ʻo e toetuʻú ki hoku husepāniti ko Lōpeti Palaseli Tomusoní.” Ko e mali ko ia mo Hailamé naʻe tatau ia mo e ngaahi mali fakalīvai ʻi he Fuakava Motuʻá ʻa ia naʻe fekauʻi ai ʻa e tangatá ke mali mo e uaifi ʻo hono tokoua kuo pekiá. ʻI hono fakatahaʻi ko ia ʻo e ouau ʻo e mali tokolahí naʻe fai ʻe he kau pēteliake [he kuonga muʻá] pea mo e hā mai ʻa e kau ʻāngeló, naʻe mahuʻingamālie ia ki he niʻihi hangē ko Hailame Sāmitá, ʻa ia ne nau tui ki hono fakafoki mai ʻo e ngaahi moʻoni fakatohitapú. Naʻá ne talaange kia Meesi ko e fuofua taimi naʻá ne ʻilo ai ʻa e kole ʻa Lōpeti Tomusoní, “naʻe nofoʻi ia [Hailame] ʻe he Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní mei he Tumuʻaki ʻo hono ʻUlú ki hono ʻAofi Vaʻé.”

Naʻe faʻa lipooti ʻe he kau fafine naʻa nau ului ki he tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e mali tokolahí ʻi Nāvuú ha ngaahi aʻusia fakalaumālie ʻo fakamoʻoniʻi ai ʻa e fili naʻa nau faí. Naʻa nau mamata ki ha maama, ongoʻi nonga, pe, ʻi ha meʻa ʻe taha, naʻa nau mamata ki ha ʻāngelo. Naʻe ʻikai ke lekooti ʻe Meesi Tomusoni ia ha faʻahinga aʻusia pehē. Naʻá ne toki pehē kimui naʻá ne tui ki he tefitoʻi moʻoní “koeʻuhí he naʻá ku lava ʻo lau tonu ia ʻi he tohi tapú mo ʻilo naʻe fakahoko ia ʻi he kuonga ko iá, pea naʻe fakangofua mo fakaʻatā ia ʻe he ʻEikí.”

Ka naʻe ʻikai ke feʻunga pē ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻuhinga fakatohitapú kia Meesi. Naʻe fāifai pea lea tonu ʻa Siosefa kiate ia, pea ko ʻene fakamoʻoní naʻá ne fakaului mai [ʻa Mēsí]. Naʻe tuʻo lahi ʻa e hā mai ʻa Lōpeti Tomusoni kiate iá, pea naʻe fakamatalaʻi [ʻe Siosefa], ko e fakamuimui tahá “naʻe ʻi ai ha fuʻu ivi lahi ʻo tupu ai haʻane tetetete.” ʻI he kamataʻangá, naʻe ʻikai ke fie fakahoko ʻe Siosefa ʻa e kolé. Kae tālunga mo ʻene lotu ki he ʻEikí peá ne ʻilo ai kuo pau ke ne “fai ʻo fakatatau mo e meʻa ʻoku kole ʻe heʻeku tamaioʻeikí” peá ne toki talaange ai kia Hailame fekauʻaki mo e meʻa-hā-maí.

Koeʻuhí ko ha tokotaha tui ʻa Meesi Tomusoni ki he ngaahi meʻafoaki fakalaumālié, naʻá ne falala naʻe fetuʻutaki mai hono husepāniti kuo pekiá. Pea hili ha taʻu ʻe ono ʻo ʻene ʻiloʻi lelei ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá, naʻá ne tui leva naʻe “fuʻu ʻatamai lelei ia ke ne fai ha meʻa hala mo fuʻu angalelei ke anga taʻeʻofa.” Naʻá ne aofangatuku ʻaki ʻene pehē ko e kole ko ia ke ne mali mo Hailamé, ko e “leʻo ia ʻo e ʻEikí ʻoku folofola mai ʻi he ngutu ʻo e palōfita ko Siosefa Sāmitá.”

Naʻe tō mamafa ʻaupito kia Siosefa Sāmita ʻa e ngaahi fakahāloto ʻa e kakai fefine hangē ko Meesi Tomusoní. Naʻe ʻikai ko ha meʻa faingofua ki ha taha, ʻo tatau pē pe ko ha fefina pe tangata, ke ne tali ʻa e mali tokolahí ʻi heʻene fuofua fanongo ki aí. Naʻe ʻikai ke fakamālohiʻi ʻe Siosefa ʻa e houʻeiki fafiné ke nau tali ʻa e mali tokolahí ʻaki ha mālohi ʻo ʻene fekaú ʻo hangē pē ko e ʻikai ke ne fakamālohiʻi ʻa e houʻeiki tangatá. Naʻe poupouʻi pē ʻa e houʻeiki fefiné mo e houʻeiki tangatá ke nau fakalaulaulotoa mo lotua ia pea toki fai mei ai ʻenau filí. Naʻe kole ʻe Meesi ke ne ʻave fakataimi ha tatau ʻo e fakahaá naʻe tohinima ʻi ha laʻipepa pea tauhi ia ʻi hono ʻapí ʻi ha ʻaho ʻe fā pe nima, peá ne ako mo faʻa fakakaukau ki he meʻa naʻe ʻi aí. Naʻá ne toki loto pē ki ai ʻi ha hili haʻane lotua mo fakalaulauloto lahi ki ai. ʻI he ʻaho 11 ʻo ʻAokosi 1843, naʻe fakahoko ai ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻa e mali ʻa Hailame mo Mēsí ʻi he fale ʻo Mele mo Hailamé ʻi he tuliki ʻo e Hala Vaí mo e Peiní ʻi Nāvū. Naʻe fokotuʻu ange ʻe Siosefa ke langa ʻe Hailame ha loki ʻe taha ʻo fakalahi atu ki he falé, pea hiki atu ʻa Meesi o nofo ai.

Taimi mo ʻItāniti

ʻI he lolotonga ʻo e taimi nounou ʻo ʻena fakataha ʻi he moʻuí, naʻe hoko ʻa e ngaahi ngāue ʻa Hailamé ko e ngaahi ngāue ʻa Meesi, pea ko e ngāue ʻa Mēsí naʻe hoko ia ko e ngāue ʻa Hailame. Naʻe tokoni ʻa Meesi ke tohi ʻa e ngaahi lea fakalaumālie naʻe lea ʻaki ʻe Hailame ʻi heʻene tāpuakiʻi ʻa e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi hono fatongia ko e Pēteliake ʻo e Siasí. Ko e ngāue mahuʻinga naʻe tokanga lahi ki ai ʻa e kakaí ko e Temipale Nāvuú. Naʻe aʻu ki ha tuʻunga, hili ha kole ʻe Meesi ki he ʻEikí ke ne ʻiloʻi pe ko e hā ha meʻa te ne lava ʻo fai ke fakavaveʻi ai hono fakaʻosi ʻo e temipalé, naʻá ne ongona ʻa e ngaahi lea ko ʻení ʻi heʻene fakakaukaú: “Feinga ke kole ki he Houʻeiki Fafiné ke nau foaki ha Sēniti ʻe taha he Uike ke fakatau mai ʻaki ha sioʻata mo e faʻo.” Naʻá ne pehē naʻe “fiefia lahi” ʻa Hailame ʻi he fakahaá pea naʻá ne fai ʻa e meʻa kotoa naʻá ne lavá ke teke ke hoko ia ʻaki haʻane lea ʻi he ngaahi fakataha fakatokolahí ke nau foaki ʻo hangē ko ia ne kole ʻe Mēsí. ʻI he tokoni ʻa Hailamé, naʻe lava ai [ʻe Meesi] mo Mele ʻo tānaki ha $1,000 tupu—ko ha fuʻu paʻanga lahi ʻeni ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho ko iá—ki he ngāué.

Naʻe māhina pē ʻe 10 ʻa e mali ʻa Meesi mo Hailamé ʻi he taimi naʻe fanaʻi ai ʻe ha taha ʻo e kau fakatangá ʻa Hailame ʻo ne mālōlō ʻi Kātesí. Kuo toe mole ha husepāniti ʻe taha ʻo Meesi ʻokú ne kei talavou pē. Naʻá ne tēngihia ʻa e mole ʻa Hailamé, ʻa ia naʻá ne fakamatalaʻi ko “ha Husepāniti angaʻofa, ko ha Tamai ʻofa, ko e Kaungāmeʻa faitōnunga, ko ha Tauhi angalelei ʻaupito.” Ka ʻe hoko maʻu pē ʻene fehokotaki mo Melé ko ha maʻuʻanga ivi. Naʻe tuku ai ʻa Meesi mo hono kiʻi ʻofefine taʻu ono ko Mele Seiní, ke na tokangaʻi ʻa e falé fakataha mo Mele pea mo ʻene fānau ʻe toko ua mo Hailamé, pea mo e fānau ʻe toko nima ʻa Hailame mo Selusá, ʻa ia naʻe hoko ʻa Mele ko e faʻē hono ua kiate kinautolú.

ʻI he 1846, naʻe fononga fakataha ai ʻa Meesi mo Mele pea mo hona tuongaʻane ko Siosefá ʻi ha fonongaʻanga foʻou. Naʻa nau kau fakataha mo ha kakai kehe ʻe lauiafe naʻa nau faingataʻaʻia fakataha pē ʻi ha fononga maile ʻe 1,400 ki ha Saione foʻou naʻe ope atu mei he ngaahi ngataʻanga fonua ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he taimi ko iá. Naʻa nau tūʻuta ki he Teleʻa Sōlekí ʻi he taʻu hono hokó. Naʻe siʻi mālōlō ʻa Mele ʻi he niumōniá ʻi he 1852. Naʻe nofo pē ʻa Meesi ʻi Sōleki Siti ʻi he taʻu ʻe fāngofulu hono hokó, ʻo faivelenga pē ki he ngataʻangá, ʻo ne ngāue ʻi he Siasí ʻi ha meʻa pē te ne lavá mo tokoni ke tauhi ʻa e kiʻi fānau ʻa Mele mo Hailamé.

ʻE hoko maʻu pē ʻa e fehokotaki ʻa Meesi kia Hailamé ko ha maʻuʻanga ʻo e loto-houngaʻia lahi. Ka naʻá ne fakatuʻamelie ki haʻane fakataha mo Lōpeti, ko hono husepāniti “ʻofaʻangá” pea ko e husepāniti naʻá ne fili ʻi heʻene kei talavoú. Naʻe aʻu ki siʻene mālōlō ʻi he 1893, mo ʻene kei tauhi pē ʻa e hingoa ko e Meesi R. Tomusoní, ʻa e hingoa naʻá ne maʻu ʻi heʻene mali mo Lōpetí. Kuo talaʻofa ʻe he Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132 maʻana kapau te ne faivelenga mo Lōpeti, ʻe ʻi ai ʻa e ʻaho te na “maʻu ʻa e ngaahi taloni, ngaahi puleʻanga, ngaahi pule fakapilinisi, mo e ngaahi mālohi.” Te na fiefia ʻi “ha hokohoko atu ai pē ʻo e ngaahi hakó ʻo taʻengata pea taʻengata.” Naʻá ne tui ki he ngaahi talaʻofa ko ʻení pea naʻá ne moʻui ke ne lava ʻo matātonu ia ʻi ha ʻaho.

  1. “Death of Col. Robert B. Thompson,” Times and Seasons, Sept. 1, 1841, 519.

  2. Mercy Fielding Thompson, Robert B. Thompson biography by Mercy R. Thompson, 1854 November, Church History Library, Salt Lake City. ʻOku maʻu ʻa e founga lea ʻa Tomusoní mei he Saame 113:7–8.

  3. Colleen McDannell and Bernhard Lang, Heaven: A History (New Haven, CT: Yale Nota Bene, 2001).

  4. Jan Swango Emerson and Hugh Feiss, eds., Imagining Heaven in the Middle Ages (New York: Garland, 2000); Jeffrey Burton Russell, A History of Heaven: The Singing of Silence (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997). Naʻe fakatatau ʻe Seikisipia ʻa e malí ki he meʻakaí—ko ha meʻa ke fiefia ai ʻi heʻene kei ʻi aí, kae ʻoua kuo aʻu ʻo ʻosi ʻaupito. Vakai, Lisa Hopkins, The Shakespearean Marriage: Merry Wives and Heavy Husbands (London: Macmillan, 1998), 70–71.

  5. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, The Gates Ajar, 4th ed. (London: Sampson, Low, Son, & Marston, 1870), 54. Ki he manakoa ʻo Felipisí, vakai, McDannell and Lang, Heaven, 265–66. ʻOku maʻu ha ngaahi fakafekiki meimei tatau ʻi he ngaahi maau ʻa Emily Dickson. Vakai, Barton Levi St. Armand, “Paradise Deferred: The Image of Heaven in the Work of Emily Dickinson and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps,” American Quarterly, vol. 29 (Spring 1977), 55–78.

  6. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132:7, 15–18. Makehe mei aí, naʻe ope atu ʻa e fakahaá ʻi he ngaahi fakakaukau angamaheni ʻo e moʻui ʻi he hili ʻo e maté ʻaki ʻa e fakatupu—“ko ha hokohoko atu ai ʻo e ngaahi hakó” (T&F 132:19)—ko e konga ia ʻo e palani ʻa e ʻOtuá ki he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻi he maama ka hokó.

  7. Leonard J. Arrington, Susan Arrington Madsen, and Emily Madsen Jones, Mothers of the Prophets, rev. ed. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2009), 88–95; Parley P. Pratt, The Autobiography of Parley Parker Pratt (New York: Russell Brothers, 1874), 146–54.

  8. Thompson, Robert B. Thompson biography by Mercy R. Thompson

  9. Arrington, Madsen, and Jones, Mothers of the Prophets, 96–98; Jeffrey S. O’Driscoll, Hyrum Smith: A Life of Integrity (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2003), 163–64.

  10. Jennifer Reeder, “‘The Blessing of the Lord Has Attended Me’: Mercy Rachel Fielding Thompson (1807–1893),” in Richard E. Turley Jr. and Brittany A. Chapman, eds., Women of Faith in the Latter Days: Volume One, 1775–1820 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2013), 424–25. Naʻe nofo ʻa e fāmili Sāmitá ʻi he ʻapi hono 3 ʻo e poloka 149, pea ko e fāmili Tomusoní ʻi he ʻapi fika 1 ʻi he poloka tatau, pea ko hona tuʻa-ʻapí naʻe fepikitaki.

  11. Mercy Rachel Fielding Thompson, Reminiscence, in Carol Cornwall Madsen, ed., In Their Own Words: Women and the Story of Nauvoo (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1994), 194–95.

  12. Ko e fānau ʻeni ʻa Mele Sāmita (1829–32) mo Hailame Sāmitá (1834–41).

  13. Thompson, Reminiscence, 195; naʻe liliu ʻo fakaonopooni ʻa e sipelá.

  14. Naʻe ʻuluaki pulusi ʻa e fakahā ki he malí ʻi he ʻaho 14 ʻo Sepitema 1852 ko ha tānaki ki he nusipepa Deseret News. Naʻe hoko ia ko e vahe 132 ʻo e pulisinga 1876 ʻo e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá.

  15. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132:46.

  16. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132:7. Naʻe mahino fuoloa ki he kau Kalisitiané ʻoku fakamahino ʻe he Mātiu 22:23–30 ʻa e ngata ʻo e malí ʻi he moʻui hili ʻa e maté. Ka naʻe toe fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻe he Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132:15–17 ʻa e potufolofolá ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi mali ʻe ngata ka ʻoku ʻi ai mo e niʻihi ʻe kei hoko atu pē.

  17. Mercy Fielding Thompson, Autobiographical sketch, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; naʻe tānaki atu ʻa e fakaʻilonga leá.

  18. Thompson, Reminiscence, 195. Naʻe tokolahi mo ha ngaahi hoa mali naʻa nau mali ki he taʻengatá ʻi he meʻa ko ʻení: ko Pilikihami ʻIongi mo hono uaifi ko Mele Ane ʻEnisoló; Pilikihami ʻIongi mo hono uaifi kuo pekiá, Meliame Ueka (pea fakafofonga ʻa Mele Ane ʻEnisolo); pea mo Uiliate Lisiate mo hono uaifí, Seneta Lisiate. Joseph Smith journal, May 29, 1843, Joseph Smith Collection, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Lyndon W. Cook, Nauvoo Marriages, Proxy Sealings, 1843–1846 (Provo, UT: Grandin Book, 2004), 5.

  19. Thompson, Reminiscence, 195; toe fakatonutonu ʻa e sipelá.

  20. Thompson, Autobiographical sketch. Naʻe tali ʻe he fāmili Tomusoní ha kakai nofo totongi ʻi honau ʻapí kimuʻa pea toki mālōlō ʻa Lōpetí. Naʻe hokohoko atu ai pē ʻa Meesi ke fakahoko ia.

  21. Tohi ʻa Meesi Filitingi Tomusoni kia Siosefa Sāmita III, Sept. 5, 1883, Joseph F. Smith Papers 1854–1918, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

  22. Brian C. Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy, 3 vols. (Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2013), 2:64–65. Naʻe toki lipooti ʻe Keleitoni kimui ange naʻe toki tukuange ʻe Siosfa ke hiki ʻa e fakahaá, ʻi ha fokotuʻu ange ʻe Hailame, koeʻuhí ke lava ʻo fakalotoʻi ai ʻa e uaifi ʻo Siosefa ko ʻEmá ke tuku ā ʻene fakafepakiʻi ʻa e mali tokolahí. Naʻe ʻi ai ha taimi naʻe loto-lelei ai ʻa ʻEma ki he mali tokolahí ka naʻá ne fakafepakiʻi ʻa e tefitoʻi moʻoni ko ʻeni ʻi he ʻaho 12 ʻo Siulai 1843, ʻi he taimi naʻe hiki ai ʻa e fakahaá. Fakamatala ʻa William Clayton, ʻi he ʻaho 16 ʻo Fēpueli 1874, ʻi he Andrew Jenson, “Plural Marriage,” Historical Record, May 1887, 225–26.

  23. Danel W. Bachman, “New Light on an Old Hypothesis: The Ohio Origins of the Revelation on Eternal Marriage,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 5 (1978), 19–32.

  24. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132:1, 37.

  25. Augustine, “The Excellence of Marriage” [ca. 401], trans. Ray Kearney, ʻi he The Works of Saint Augustine: Marriage and Virginity, ed. John E. Rotelle, vol. 9 (Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 1999), 49, 51.

  26. Martin Luther, “Genesis: Chapter Sixteen,” ʻi he Luther’s Works, 54 vols., ed. Jaroslav Pelikan, trans. George Schick (Seni Luisi: Concordia Publishing House, 1961), 3:45–46.

  27. Martin Luther, “The Estate of Marriage” [1522], ʻi he Luther’s Works, ed. and trans. Walther I. Brandt (Philadelphia: Muhlenberg Press, 1962), 45:24. Naʻe pehē ʻe Lūtelo naʻe fakahoko ʻe he tuʻi ko Henelī VIII ia ʻa e mali tokolahí kimuʻa peá ne toko vete mo Katalina ʻo ʻAlakoní. Luther to Robert Barnes, Sept. 3, 1531, ʻi he Luther’s Works, ed. and trans. Gottfried G. Krodel (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1975), 50:33.

  28. John Witte Jr. mo Robert M. Kingdon, Sex, Marriage, and Family in John Calvin’s Geneva: Volume 1: Courtship, Engagement, and Marriage (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2005), 223; John L. Thompson, “The Immoralities of the Patriarchs in the History of Exegesis: A Reappraisal of Calvin’s Position,” Calvin Theological Journal, vol. 26 (1991), 9–46.

  29. Ka ʻoku fakafōtunga foki ʻe he fakafepaki ʻa Kalaiviní ha fakafepaki fuoloa kimuʻa ange ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻa e Siasi Katoliká, ʻa ia naʻá ne tapui ai ʻa e mali tokolahí talu mei he senituli hono faá pea ʻi he konga kimui ʻo e Kuonga Lotolotó (Middle Ages), naʻe hiki ai ʻa e fakataputapui ko iá ko ha lao (John Witte, From Sacrament to Contract: Marriage, Religion, and Law in the Western Tradition [Louisville, KY: Westminster University Press, 2012], 61, 99–100). Naʻe lau ʻe ha kau ʻAmelika tokolahi ko e angafai ʻa e kau pēteliaké ʻo fakatatau ki hono taimí mo e tuʻunga ʻo e fakalakalaká: naʻe taau pē ia ʻi hono feituʻú mo hono taimí ka kuo ʻikai feʻunga ia ki he kakai ʻoku moʻui ʻi he ngaahi kuonga ʻoku toe maama angé. Fekauʻaki mo e kautaha ʻoku nau fakafepakiʻi ʻa e mali tokolahí ʻaki ʻa e fakaʻuhinga ʻo e Fakamāmá, vakai, Nancy F. Cott, Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), 18–23.

  30. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132:30, 37. Ki ha fakamatala lahi ange ki he kaveingá ni, vakai, Belinda Marden Pratt, Defense of Polygamy, by a Lady of Utah, in a Letter to Her Sister in New Hampshire (1854), 7–8.

  31. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132:32.

  32. Brian C. Hales, “Encouraging Joseph Smith to Practice Plural Marriage: The Accounts of the Angel with a Drawn Sword,” Mormon Historical Studies, vol. 11, no. 2 (Fall 2010), 55–71.

  33. ʻI he taimi naʻe aʻu ai ʻa e Kāingalotú ki he Teleʻa Sōlekí, kuo ʻosi aʻu ki ha kakai tangata ʻe toko 196 mo ha kakai fefine ʻe toko 521 nai kuo nau kamataʻi ʻa e mali tokolahí. Vakai, Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy, 1:3, 2:165.

  34. Thompson, Autobiographical sketch.

  35. Cook, Nauvoo Marriages, Proxy Sealings, 3. Ko e ului ʻa Hailame Sāmita ki he mali tokolahí ʻoku kehekehe hono fokotuʻu e ʻahó ki he 1842 pe ko e 1843. Brigham Young sermon, Oct. 8, 1866, Historian’s Office reports of speeches, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Andrew F. Ehat, A Holy Order: Joseph Smith, the Temple, and the 1844 Mormon Succession Question (Printed by author, 1990), 28–32; Ruth Vose Sayers, Affidavit, May 1, 1869, Joseph F. Smith Affidavit Books, 5:9, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

  36. Mercy Thompson, Testimony, Church of Christ in Missouri v. Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, 70 F. 179 (8th Cir. 1895), ʻi he United States testimony 1892, typescript, 247, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

  37. Teutalōnome 25:5–10.

  38. Thompson to Smith, Sept. 5, 1883.

  39. Thompson, Testimony, 239.

  40. Thompson to Smith, Sept 5, 1883; vakai foki, Thompson, Testimony, 263.

  41. Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻafoaki fakalaumālié ko e “tui ki he” fakamoʻoni ʻa ha taha kehe. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 46:14.

  42. Thompson, Autobiographical sketch. Ki he ngaahi fakakaukau ko ʻení, vakai, Mercy Fielding Thompson, “Recollections of the Prophet Joseph Smith,” Juvenile Instructor, July 1, 1892, 398–400.

  43. Thompson, Testimony, 248.

  44. Hangē ko ʻení, vakai, “Plural Marriage in Kirtland and Nauvoo,” Gospel Topics, topics.lds.org.

  45. Hangē ko ʻení, ʻi he ngaahi pōtalanoa fakafoʻituituí, naʻe faʻa fokotuʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻa e mali tokolahí ʻaki haʻane lea ʻaki ʻa e tuʻunga singikulalí (“Kuo fekauʻi au”) pea akonaki mo fakaʻuhingaʻi ki he kakai fefine ʻe malí kae ʻikai ke fakapalataha pē ki ha talaki ʻo ha mafai. Vakai, hangē ko ʻení, Lucy Walker Kimball Smith, “A Brief Biographical Sketch of the Life and Labors of Lucy Walker Kimball Smith,” Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Emily Dow Partridge Young, Diary and reminiscences, Church History Library, Salt Lake City. Ko e sīpinga ʻo ha kakai fefine naʻe ʻikai ke nau tali ʻa e lea mali ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá ka naʻa nau kei tuʻu maʻu pē ʻi he Siasí ʻo ʻikai ha nunuʻa koví, vakai, Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy, 1:274–75; 2:31, 120; Patricia H. Stoker, “‘The Lord Has Been My Guide’: Cordelia Calista Morley Cox (1823–1915),” ʻi he Richard E. Turley Jr. and Brittany A. Chapman, eds., Women of Faith in the Latter Days: Volume 2, 1821–1845 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2012), 53–54.

  46. Thompson, Testimony, 250–51. Fekauʻaki mo e tuʻunga fakataulaʻeiki ʻo e mali tokolahí ki he kakai fefiné, vakai, Kathleen Flake, “The Emotional and Priestly Logic of Plural Marriage” (2009), The Arrington Lecture, no. 15.

  47. Thompson, Autobiographical sketch.

  48. “Notice,” Times and Seasons, Mar. 15, 1845, 847. Mahalo naʻe ʻata lahi ange ʻeni ʻi he taimi naʻe fakatapui ai ʻa e Temipale Nāvuú ʻi Tīsema 1845.

  49. Thompson, Autobiographical sketch; tānaki atu ʻa e fakaʻilonga leá.

  50. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 132:19.