Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
‘ʻE Hoko ʻEni Ko ʻEtau Fuakavá’


“‘E Hoko ʻEni Ko ʻEtau Fuakavá’” Puipuituʻa ʻo e Ngaahi Fakahaá (2016)

“ʻE Hoko ʻEni Ko ʻEtau Fuakavá,” Puipuituʻa ʻo e Ngaahi Fakahaá

“ʻE Hoko ʻEni Ko ʻEtau Fuakavá”

T&F 136

ko e kau paioniá ʻi he Nofoʻanga Fakafaʻahitaʻu Momokó

ʻI Fēpueli 1846, naʻe taki atu ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ha kakai tangata ʻe toko 300 naʻe filifili fakalelei ke nau tomuʻa fononga atu ʻi he Vaitafe Misisipi ʻaisí. Ko ʻenau palani ʻi he taimi ko iá ke aʻu ki ha feituʻu ke fai ai ha kumi hūfanga ʻi he ʻOtu Moʻunga Maká ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfana ko iá pea tō ha ngoue ke fafanga ʻa kinautolu te nau muiaki atu he taʻu ko iá. Ka ʻi he ngaahi māhina hono hokó naʻe ʻikai ke hoko e meʻa ia naʻe palani ki aí. Naʻe hanga ʻe he ʻuha lahí ʻo fakafonu e anovaí mo e vaitafé ʻo hake ki ʻolunga he tuʻunga angamahení, ʻo fuʻu pelepela ʻaupito e ngaahi feituʻu tokalelei ʻo ʻAiouaá. ʻI he taimi tatau naʻe ʻi ai ha Kāingalotu ʻe toko 1,000 tupu naʻe ʻikai ke nau mateuteu lelei ki he fonongá ka naʻa nau vilitaki ke nau kau fakataha mo e kulupu naʻe muʻomuʻá, ʻo fakaʻamu ke ʻofi ki he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi he taimi ʻo e taʻepaú. Naʻe fuʻu māmālie ʻa e fonongá pea loto leva ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ke taʻofi ā ʻa e fononga ki he feituʻu naʻe taumuʻa ke aʻu ki ai ʻi he taʻu ko iá kae fokotuʻu leva ʻa e Nofoʻanga Fakafaʻahitaʻu Momokó ʻi he matavai ʻo e Vaitafe Mīsulí.

Makehe mei he kulupu ko ʻeni ʻo e kau paionia naʻe muʻomuʻá, naʻe toe ʻi ai mo e Kāingalotu ʻe lauafe kehe naʻa nau mavahe mei Nāvū, ʻi ha fononga naʻe ʻosi fokotuʻutuʻu pē ke fai. ʻI heʻene aʻu ki he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1846, naʻe ʻi ai ha kakai ʻe toko 7,000 tupu naʻa nau nofo ʻi he Nofoʻanga Fakafaʻahitaʻu Momokó ʻi ha ngaahi ʻana, saliote, fanga kiʻi nofoʻanga fakataimi, mo e fanga kiʻi fale naʻe langa fakavavevave pē. Naʻe toe ʻi ai mo ha toko 3,000 naʻa nau nofo ʻi he faʻahitaʻu momokó ʻi ha ngaahi feituʻu kehekehe ʻi he tūkunga tatau pē. Naʻe puke ha tokolahi ʻi he fasimanavá mo e momokó, pea naʻe poleʻi ai e tui ʻa ha niʻihi. Naʻe ngaohi ʻe he ngaahi tūkunga faingataʻa ko ʻení ke hoko e faʻahitaʻu momoko ʻo e 1846–47 ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi vahaʻataimi faingataʻa taha ʻi he moʻui ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí. Naʻá ne ongoʻi ʻokú ne “hangē ko ha tamai ki ha fuʻu fāmili tokolahi ʻoku ʻi ai e fānau ʻoku nau takatakaiʻi [ia]” peá ne manatuʻi kimui ange ʻa hono lōmekina ia ʻe hono ngaahi fatongiá ʻo hangē “hono mamafá ha toni ʻe uofulu mā nimá.”

ʻI Sānuali 1847, naʻá ne fuʻu holo ʻaupito pea aʻu ʻo ngatōtō kotoa hono valá. Naʻá ne hohaʻa ki he Kāingalotú, faleʻi e meʻa ke faí, mo lotua ha tataki fakalangi. Ka ʻi he ʻaho 14 ʻo Sānuali 1847, naʻe maʻu mai ʻa e talí. Hili ha ʻaho ʻe ua mei ai, naʻe fakaafeʻi ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi e Kāingalotú ke nau tali ʻa e “Folofola mo e Finangalo ʻo e ʻEikí” (T&F 136). Koeʻuhí naʻe kamata ʻaki ʻe he fakahaá ʻa hono fai ha lea ki he “ʻApitanga ʻo ʻIsilelí ʻi heʻenau fononga ki he Hihifó” (T&F 136:1), naʻe fakakaukau ha niʻihi ko e fakahaá ia ko ha foʻi fakahinohino faingofua pē ki he founga hono hano fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ngaahi kulupu paioniá pea ne ʻikai ke nau fakamahuʻingaʻi ʻa e fatongia ʻoku fai ʻe he fakahaá ki hono toe fakatonutonu e tokanga ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí pea mo e Siasí. Naʻe fakamanatu ʻe he fakahā ko ʻení mo ha ngaahi meʻa kehe ki he Kāingalotú naʻe mahuʻinga tatau pē honau ʻulungaanga ʻi he fonongá pea mo honau ikuʻangá pea tokoni ke liliu e hiki fakahihifó mei ha fiemaʻu fakamamahi ki ha aʻusia fakalaumālie mahuʻinga.

Talangofua ki he Folofolá

ʻI hono maʻu e tali ki heʻene ngaahi lotú, naʻe ʻalu leva ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi he taimi pē ko iá ʻo fai e ngāué ke fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻiloʻi pau ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ʻamanaki mai ʻa e ʻEikí meiate kinautolú. Naʻe ʻosi akoʻi foki ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni lahi ʻoku maʻu ʻi he fakahaá, ka naʻe ʻikai ke nau hoko maʻu pē ko ha konga mahuʻinga ʻo e hikifonua ʻo e 1846. Neongo naʻe ʻi ai ha Kāingalotu naʻe ʻikai ke nau tokanga ki he faleʻi mei he fononga ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ki muʻá, ka naʻe toe tokolahi ange mo e niʻihi ia naʻe ʻikai ke feʻunga hono akoʻi kinautolú. Naʻe ʻosi kole ʻe Pilikihami ki he kau ʻAposetolo kehé ke nau tokoni ʻo akoʻi ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni kuo fakahā maí ʻo hangē ko ia naʻe fekauʻi mai ʻi he fakahaá. Naʻe pehē ʻe Holasi ʻElitelisi ʻi heʻene ʻilo e fakahaá “ʻe fakamoʻoniʻi mei hono fakahokó [honau] fakamoʻuí.” Naʻe pehē ʻe Hōsea Sitauti ʻoku maʻu e nonga mo e uouangataha ʻoku fiemaʻú ʻi he taimi ʻoku fehangahangai ai mo e ngaahi faingataʻa fakatuʻupakeé ʻi he talangofua ki he fakahaá; pea te ne “fakaleleiʻi ʻa e fevākoviʻakí” ʻa ia naʻá ne fakafaingataʻaʻiaʻi e fononga ki ʻAiouā. ʻI hono tuku ʻenau falalá ki he lea naʻe fakahā atú, naʻe ʻikai leva ke toe ongoʻi ʻe he kakaí ʻa e fuʻu fiemaʻu ke nau fononga tonu mo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá. Naʻe ʻatā leva ʻa e toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ke nau fakahoko e tuʻunga fakatakimuʻa fakalūkufua ki he Siasí kae ʻikai ke toe hohaʻa ki hono tokangaʻi fakaʻaho ʻo ha kulupu pau.

Naʻe ngāue ʻaki ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻi he ʻApitanga ʻo Saioné ʻi he 1834 ha sīpinga ʻo e fokotuʻutuʻu fakapalesitenisī ki he toko tolú ʻo ʻi ai ha taki ki he toko teau, toko nimangofulu, mo e toko hongofulu. Naʻe ʻosi feinga ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ke fakahoko e sīpinga ko ʻení kimuʻa pea mavahe atu ʻa e Kāingalotú ki Nāvuú, ka naʻe ʻikai ke tokangaʻi ke fai hano muimuiʻi Ka ʻi he founga ko ia naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ai e Kāingalotú ʻi he 1847, naʻe fuʻu mahuʻinga ia he naʻe kimuʻa pea ʻosi hono hiki ʻe Pilikihami ʻa e fakahaá, naʻá ne fokotuʻu atu “ke hiki ha tohi ʻo fakahinohinoʻi ai [ʻa e] kāingá ki he founga hono fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ngaahi kulupú ki he hiki fonongá.”

Makehe mei hono fakanofo ʻo e kau taki kulupú, naʻe fai ʻe Pilikihami mo ha ongo liliu ki he anga hono fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e kulupú. ʻE ngata pē ʻi he saliote ʻe 100 ki he kulupu. Pea ko e hā pē ʻa e kulupu ʻe kau ki ai ha niʻihi fakafoʻituitui, ʻe fiemaʻu ke nau fononga fakataha ai pē ʻo aʻu ki he ngataʻanga ʻo e fonongá. Ko ha ngaahi liliu mahuʻinga ʻeni ʻo makehe ia mei he fokotuʻutuʻu angamaheni taʻemaau naʻe anga ʻaki ʻi he fononga tokolahi ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻi ʻAiouaá. Neongo naʻe ʻikai ke faʻa fakatokangaʻi maʻu pē ʻa e foʻi fakakaukaú ni, ka ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo e 1847 naʻe hoko ʻa e hikifonua ko ʻení “ko e lelei taha ia ʻi hono fokotuʻutuʻú, mātuʻaki palaniʻi lelei, mo e fokotuʻutuʻu maau ʻo ha kulupu ʻoku hola mei ha tūkunga fakatuʻutāmaki, ʻi hono kotoa ʻo e hisitōlia ʻo ʻAmeliká,” ʻo kehe ia mei he fengaʻunuʻaki taʻemaau naʻe faʻa hoko ʻi he ngaahi kulupu naʻe ʻikai ʻo e Siasí ʻa ia naʻa nau hikifonua atu ki he feituʻu fakahihifó.

Makehe mei hono fakapapauʻi naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu e Kāingalotú ʻo fakatatau ki he finangalo ʻo e ʻEikí, naʻe fatongia ʻaki ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi pea mo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ʻa hono fakaʻaliʻali ki he Kāingalotú ʻa e founga ke moʻui ai ʻo fakatatau ki he finangalo ʻo e ʻEikí. Naʻe mahino kia Pilikihami ʻoku ʻikai ko hano tā pē ha hala ke muimui atu ki ai ha niʻihi kehe, ka naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he kulupu faivelenga ʻo e 1847 ha hala ʻo e fuakavá. Ko ia ai, ko kinautolu kotoa pē ʻe kau he fonongá te nau fononga “ʻaki ha fuakava mo e fakapapau ke tauhi ʻa e ngaahi fekau mo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni kotoa pē ʻa e ʻEikí” (T&F 136:2). Naʻe toe tala foki ʻe he fakahaá, “Pea ʻe hoko ʻeni ko ʻetau fuakavá—te tau ʻaʻeva ʻi he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni kotoa pē ʻa e ʻEikí” (T&F 136:4).

Lolotonga e ngaahi māhina ʻo e teuteu ke mavahe mei Nāvuú, naʻe ngāue mālohi e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ke fakapapauʻi ʻe lava e tokolahi taha ʻo e Kāingalotú ʻe malavá ʻo fai e ngaahi fuakava toputapú ʻaki ʻenau kau ki he ngaahi ouau fakatemipalé. Kapau te nau feinga ke tauhi ʻenau ngaahi fuakavá mo moʻui ʻaki e ngaahi fekaú, te nau lava ke maʻu ʻa e talaʻofa ko e “mālohi mei ʻolunga” ke tāpuekina mo tokoniʻi kinautolu. Naʻe toe fakamanatu atu ʻe he ʻEikí ki he Kāingalotú: “Ko au ia ʻa ia naʻá ku tataki atu ʻa e fānau ʻa ʻIsilelí mei he fonua ko ʻIsipité; pea kuo mafao atu ʻa hoku nimá ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho fakaʻosí, ke fakahaofi ʻa hoku kakai ko ʻIsilelí” (T&F 136:22). ʻOku kau ʻi he ngaahi ʻulungaanga makehe kehe ʻo e hala ʻo e fuakavá ʻa hono fakamanatua ki he Kāingalotú ke nau tokoniʻi ʻa kinautolu ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá ʻaki haʻanau maʻu “ha ʻinasi tatau, ʻo fakatatau ki he ʻinasi ʻo e tupu ʻo ʻenau koloá.” Naʻe kau foki ʻi he fekaú ʻa e talaʻofa ʻa e ʻEikí ki he Kāingalotú kapau te nau loto-fiemālie ke fai ia: “ʻE tāpuakiʻi ʻa kimoutolu ʻi hoʻomou ngaahi tākanga monumanu īkí, mo hoʻomou tākanga monumanu lalahí, pea ʻi homou ngaahi ngoueʻangá, mo homou ngaahi falé, pea ʻi homou ngaahi fāmilí” (T&F 136:8, 11). Ko e ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻo e faʻa kātakí, anga fakatōkilaló, mo e loto-houngaʻia ʻi hono tauhi e ngaahi fuakavá mo tokangaʻi e lakanga fakatauhi ki he meʻa fakatuʻasinó ʻa ia ʻoku ʻasi ʻi he fakahaá te ne lava foki ke tokoniʻi ʻa e Kāingalotu paioniá ki hono nofoʻi ʻo e feituʻu maomaonganoá, fokotuʻu ʻo ha ngaahi ʻapi mo ha komiunitī foʻou, mo fakatoka ha fakavaʻe ki ha siasi ne fakataumuʻa ke ne fakafonu ʻa e māmaní.

ʻAʻeva ʻi he Hala ʻo e Fuakavá

Naʻe toe maʻu ha ivi foʻou koeʻuhí ko e mahino foʻou naʻe maʻú. ʻI heʻenau hoko ko e kakai ʻa e ʻOtuá, naʻa nau maʻu ʻa e faingamālie pea mo e fatongia ke nau fakahoko taimi kehekehe ʻa e fonongá. Ko e palopalema lahi ki he fononga ʻa e Kāingalotú ki ʻAiouā ko e ʻikai ke mateuteu fakatuʻasino mo e siʻisiʻi ʻa e meʻakaí. Naʻe kamata ke tui ʻa Pilikihami he ʻikai ke makatuʻunga e ola lelei ʻo ʻenau fonongá mei he ivi fakatangatá, mapé, salioté, mo e ngaahi naunaú ka ʻi he talangofua lahi ange ki he folofola mo e finangalo ʻo e ʻEikí. ʻE lava ke fakaʻuha mai ʻe he ʻEikí ha mana ʻi he ngaahi tokalelei ʻo ʻAmeliká kapau ʻe fiemaʻu, ka kuo pau ke falala ʻa e Kāingalotú kiate Ia. ʻOku ʻikai fiemaʻu ia ke fakafonu ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻenau ngaahi salioté ke fonu mahuohua koeʻuhí ko haʻanau ilifia. Ke fakamālohia e meʻá ni naʻe holoki hifo ʻe Pilikihmai ʻIongi e kulupu faivelengá ki ha kau tangata pē ʻe toko 144 pea fakahinohinoʻi ke nau ʻomi ha pauni meʻakai ʻe 100 ki he tokotaha ʻi heʻenau fononga ki he maomaonganoá. Naʻá ne pehē, ko kinautolu kotoa pē “ʻoku ʻikai ke nau tui ke kamata ʻaki e lahi ko iá” te nau nofo pē ʻi he Nofoʻanga Fakafaʻahitaʻu Momokó. Naʻá ne “fakatokanga kiate kinautolu kotoa pē ʻoku fakataumuʻa ke hiki ki he tafungofungá he ʻikai ke tali ʻa e faiangahalá ʻi he ʻApitanga ʻo ʻIsilelí” pea toe tānaki atu, “ʻOku ʻikai ke u fiemaʻu ha taha ke kau ki heʻeku kulupú tukukehe kapau te nau talangofua ki he folofolá mo e finangalo ʻo e ʻEikí, moʻui angatonu pea tokoni ki hono langa hake e puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá.”

Hili ha ngaahi ʻaho mei hono maʻu ʻo e “Folofoa mo e Finangalo ʻo e ʻEikí,” naʻe fokotuʻu atu ʻe Pilikihami ke fai ha fakasōsiale ke fakahā “ki he māmaní ʻe lava ʻe he kakaí ni ʻo fai ʻa e meʻa naʻe fakataumuʻa ʻe he ʻOtuá maʻanautolú.” Naʻe faʻa taku foki ko e hulohulá ko ha faʻahinga founga fakafiefia ia ʻoku angaʻuli ʻi ʻAmelika ʻi he senituli 19, ka naʻe akoʻi ʻe Pilikihami ki he kulupu tuʻukimuʻá: “ʻOku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha maumau [ʻe] tupu mei he fakafiefiá pe hulohulá ʻi he kau mai ki ai ʻa e kāingalotú, pea ʻiloʻi ʻa e taimi ke tuku aí” pea ʻoua naʻa teitei “ngalo e taumuʻa ʻo e fonongá ni.” Naʻe talangofua ʻa Pilikihami ki ha faleʻi mei ha fakahā, ʻi heʻene fakaafeʻi ʻa e Kāingalotú ke nau hulohulá: “Kapau ʻokú ke fiefia, fakafetaʻi ki he ʻEikí ʻaki ʻa e hiva, mo e ngaahi fasi, mo e faiva, pea mo e lotu ʻo e fakamālō mo e fakafetaʻi” (T&F 136:28).

Naʻe fai ha ngaahi teuteu pea ongoʻi ʻe Pilikihami ʻa ʻene falala moʻoni ʻe tokoniʻi kinautolu ʻe he ʻEikí, ʻo aʻu ki he ngaahi tūkunga ʻoku ʻikai ke nau lava ʻo mapuleʻí. ʻI hono fakahaaʻi mai ʻe he niʻihi fakafoʻituitui ʻi he ʻuluaki kulupú ʻa ʻenau hohaʻa naʻa ʻikai ke nau lava ʻo aʻu ki he feituʻu ʻoku nau taumuʻa ki aí ʻi he taimi totonu ki hono tō e ngoué, naʻe fakahā ange ʻe Pilikihami, “Ko ia ai, kapau ʻe pehē pea ʻe hā leva. Kuo [tau] fai ʻa e meʻa kotoa kuo tau malavá pea fononga ʻi he vave taha naʻe lava ʻe heʻetau ngaahi salioté ʻo fakahokó.” Kapau kuo fai ʻe he Kāingalotú “ʻa e meʻa kotoa te [mau] lavá,” te ne ongoʻi “fiemālie pē ki ai ʻo hangē pē ia kuo [nau] ʻosi tō ha kēleni ʻi ha ʻeka ʻe tahaafe. ʻE toki fakakakato ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e toengá.” Naʻá ne hoko atu ʻo pehē, “ʻOku teʻeki ai pē ke u ʻiloʻi lelei ange ʻi ha toe taimi o hangē ko e fononga ko ʻení. ʻOku hangē ʻa ʻeku melinó ko ha vaitafe ʻoku ʻi hoku vahaʻa mo e ʻOtuá.”

Ko ha Taimi ʻo e Akó

Naʻe hoko ʻa e fononga mei he Nofoʻanga Fakafaʻahitaʻu Momokó ki he Teleʻa Sōlekí ko ha taimi ako ia ki he kau taki ʻo e Siasí kae pehē foki ki he kāingalotú. Naʻe ongoʻi ʻe Siaosi A. Sāmita ʻe “manatu mai ʻa kinautolu naʻe kau ki he fonongá ni ʻo pehē ko e taha ia ʻo e akoaʻanga lelei taha kuo nau kau ki aí,” kae tohi ʻe Uilifooti Utalafi ʻo pehē, “ʻOku tau ʻi ha feituʻu he taimí ni ke fakamoʻoniʻi ai ko hai kitautolu.” Naʻe fakatou hoko ʻa e fonongá kia Pilikihami ʻIongi pea mo e Kāingalotú ko ha faingamālie ke fakamoʻoniʻi ai ʻenau tuí ʻaki e talangofua ki he faleʻí mo ha ngāue ke fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e ʻEikí. Ko e liliu naʻe ʻasi mei he Kāingalotú hili hono maʻu ʻo e fakahaá naʻe ueʻi ai ʻa Uiliami Keleitoni ke ne fakatokangaʻi, “Naʻe hangē ʻoku mahino moʻoni kuo mavaeua e ʻaó, pea kuo tau hū mai ki ha ʻelemēniti foʻou, ko ha ʻetimosifia foʻou, mo ha sōsaieti foʻou.”

Naʻe lahi e ngaahi faingataʻa naʻe hoko ki he kulupu tuʻukimuʻa ʻo e 1847, neongo naʻe fakafoʻou e tukupā ʻa e Kāingalotú. Ko e palani totonú ke nau mavahe ʻi ha “māhina ʻe taha kimuʻa pea tupu e musié” kae ʻoua naʻa toe tōmui ange ʻi he ʻaho 15 ʻo Māʻasí. Neongo ia, naʻe kiʻi tōmui e faʻahitaʻu failaú pea toki tupu ʻa e musié ʻi ha ngaahi uike kimui ange mei hono taimi angamahení. Koeʻuhí ko e fuʻu momoko ʻa e ʻeá, naʻe toki mavahe ʻa e kulupú ia ʻi he kongaloto ʻo ʻEpelelí mei he feituʻu naʻe tonu ke nau mavahe mei aí. Naʻe fakameleʻi ʻa e fiefia ke faifai pea kamataʻi ʻa e fonogá ʻi heʻenau aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi fuʻu pō momokó, fuʻu ʻataʻatā havilivilí, faingataʻa e kolosi he vaitafé, mole ʻa e fanga pulú, mo e fononga lōloa mo fakaongosia he ʻaho kotoa.

Ko e taimi ia naʻe fuʻu mateakiʻi kakato ai ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻi he fakahaá, ka naʻe kamata ke ne hohaʻa ʻi he ʻulungaanga ʻo ha kau mēmipa ʻo ha kulupu ʻe niʻihi. ʻI he konga kimui ʻo Meé, naʻá ne lau ai ki he kulupú ʻa e “Folofolá mo e Finangalo ʻo e ʻEikí” mo “fakahaaʻi ʻene ngaahi fakakaukaú & ongó … kuo ngalo ʻiate kinautolu honau misioná.” Naʻá ne toe tala ʻe lelei ange kiate ia ke “fononga mo ha kau tangata angatonu ʻe toko 10 te nau tauhi e ngaahi fekau ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi haʻane fononga kotoa mo e kulupú ka ʻoku nau fakamuʻomuʻanima & fakangaloki e ʻOtuá.” Naʻá ne fakahā ʻi he ʻaho hono hokó ʻa ʻene loto ke “fakapapau [e kulupú] ke nau tafoki ki he ʻEikí ʻaki honau lotó kotoa.” Naʻá ne fakamanatuʻi kiate kinautolu ke nau ʻai e tōʻonga ʻa ha kakai fuakava: “Kuó u lea ʻaki ha ngaahi meʻa lahi ki he kāingá ʻo kau ki he mātuʻaki ʻulungaanga mo e tōʻongá lelei ʻi heʻetau mavahe mei he kau senitailé. … Kapau he ʻikai ke tau fakatomala mo siʻaki ʻetau angakoví te tau fepaki mo ha ngaahi faingataʻa lahi ange ʻi ha toe taimi kimuʻa, mo ha ngaahi meʻa fakamamahi ʻaupito.” Hili hono valokiʻi ʻaki ʻa e lea māsila, naʻá ne toki “tāpuekina fakalelei e kāingá mo lotu ki he ʻOtuá ke ne ʻai ke malava ʻo tauhi ʻenau ngaahi fuakavá.”

Naʻe tuʻu fehangahangai ʻaupito e tuʻutuʻuni ki he hikifonua ʻo e 1847 mei he taʻu ki muʻá. Hili ha fononga ʻa e kulupu tuʻukimuʻá ʻi ha maile ʻe 300 ʻi he 1846—ʻa ia ko ha ʻavalisi ki ha meimei maile ʻe ua ʻi ha ʻaho—kuo fononga atu ʻa e fuofua kulupu paioniá ia ʻi ha maile ʻe 1,000 tupu ʻi he ʻaho ʻe 111, ʻo fakaʻavalisi ke liunga fā mo lahi ange hono mamaʻó ʻi he ʻaho takitaha ʻi he taʻu ʻe taha ki muʻá.

Naʻe pehē ʻe he tokolahi naʻe makatuʻunga e ola lelei e hiki ʻa e Kāingalotú ki he tataki fakataautaha ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí, ka naʻá ne fakahaaʻi ʻe ia ko e ngāue ia ʻa e toʻukupu ʻo e ʻOtuá. Naʻá ne pehē, “Ko e meʻa ʻoku ou ʻiloʻí, kuó maʻu ia mei he langí. … Naʻe talanoa e kau tangatá ki he meʻa kuo lava ʻi heʻeku tatakí, ʻo fakahā ko e meʻa ʻi heʻeku taukeí mo e potó; ka ʻoku hoko kotoa ia mei he mālohi ʻo e ʻOtuá, pea mo e poto naʻe maʻu meiate ia.” Ko e ola ʻo e ngaahi lēsoni naʻe ako ʻi he 1847, naʻe kamata ke mole atu e hohaʻa naʻe ongoʻi ʻe Pilikihmi ʻIongi ʻi he Nofoʻanga Fakafaʻahitaʻu Momokó. ʻI hono fakamoʻoniʻi e lea mo e finangalo ʻo e ʻEikí pea mo toutou fakaʻaongaʻi e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoní ʻi heʻene moʻuí, naʻá ne maʻu leva kimui ange ha “nonga ʻaupito ʻi he ʻaho mo e pō” pea mohe “fiemālie ʻaupito ʻo hangē ha kiʻi tamasiʻi/taʻahine ʻi he funga ʻo ʻene faʻeé.”

  1. Ko e tohi ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi kia Jesse C. Little, ʻi he ʻaho 26 ʻo Fēpueli 1847, Brigham Young office files, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Brigham Young sermon, July 31, 1853, as published in Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (London: Latter-day Saints’ Book Depot, 1855–86), 1:166. ʻI he taimi ko ʻení, naʻe anga peheni hono fakamatalaʻi ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongí: “ʻOku [ʻikai] ke loto-fiemālie ʻetau Palesitení ke [taʻofi] ha faʻahinga meʻa te ne fakatuaiʻi ai hono tānaki ʻo ʻIsilelí, pe fakahoko hono langa ʻo Saioné ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho fakaʻosí ni; ʻokú ne mohe kae ʻāʻā pē ʻa e foʻi mata ʻe taha pea mo e tuku ʻe vaʻe ʻe taha ki he veʻe mohengá, pea ka ʻi ai pē ha faʻahinga meʻa ʻe fiemaʻu, kuó ne ʻosi maau ia ke fai ia” (Historian’s Office, History of the Church, Jan. 7, 1847, Church History Library, Salt Lake City).

  2. Historian’s Office, History of the Church, Jan. 16, 1847.

  3. Historian’s Office, History of the Church, Jan. 27, 1847.

  4. Historian’s Office, History of the Church, Jan. 16, 1847.

  5. Hosea Stout diary, Jan. 14, 1847, as published in On the Mormon Frontier: The Diary of Hosea Stout, 2 vols., ed. Juanita Brooks (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press and Utah State Historical Society, 1964), 1:229.

  6. Historian’s Office, History of the Church, Jan. 14, 1847.

  7. Richard E. Bennett, We’ll Find the Place: The Mormon Exodus, 1846–1848 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1997), 73.

  8. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 95:8.

  9. Neongo naʻe fakatatau ʻe he fakahaá ʻa e Kāingalotú ki ʻIsileli ʻo e kuonga muʻá, ka naʻá ne toe ʻomi foki mo e fehokotakiʻanga ki he fononga ʻa Līhai mo Nīfaí, ʻa ia naʻe fakahoko ai ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e fakamatala tatau: “Pea fakatatau ki hoʻo tauhi ʻeku ngaahi fekaú, te ke tuʻumālie, pea ʻe tataki koe ki ha fonua ʻo e talaʻofá; … Te u tofa ʻa e hala ki muʻa ʻiate kimoutolu, ʻo kapau te mou tauhi ʻeku ngaahi fekaú; ko ia, kapau te mou tauhi ʻeku ngaahi fekaú, ʻe tataki atu ʻa kimoutolu ki he fonua ʻo e talaʻofá; pea te mou ʻiloʻi nai ko au ʻoku tataki ʻa kimoutolú. ʻIo, … pea ko au ko e ʻEikí, kuó u fakahaofi ʻa kimoutolu mei he fakaʻauhá” (1 Nīfai 2:20; 17:13–14). Neongo ia, naʻe toe hoko foki ko ha fakatokanga ʻa e lave mai ko ia ki he ngaahi fuakavá mo e talangofuá. Hili ʻa e ʻikai ke lava ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻo huhuʻi ʻa Saioné ʻi he 1834, nae folofola ʻa e ʻEikí, “Vakai, ʻoku ou pehē kiate kimoutolu, ka ne taʻeʻoua ʻa e ngaahi maumau-fono ʻa hoku kakaí, ʻa ia ko ʻeku lau ki he siasí kae ʻikai ki ha toko taha pē, pehē kuo ʻosi fakahaofi ʻa kinautolu ʻi he taimí ni. Kae vakai, kuo ʻikai te nau ako ke talangofua ki he ngaahi meʻa naʻá ku ʻekeʻi ʻi honau nimá” (T&F 105:2–3).

  10. ʻOku fakamahino ʻe he ʻEikí ʻi hono kotoa ʻo e Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá e fatongia ʻo e Siasí ʻo kau ai ʻa e “Pea ke nau tokangaʻi ʻa e masivá mo e faingataʻaʻiá, pea tokoniʻi ʻa kinautolu koeʻuhí ke ʻoua te nau faingataʻaʻia” (T&F 38:35) mo e “Ke mou manatuʻi ʻa e masivá, pea fakatapui mei hoʻomou ngaahi koloá ko honau tauhi” (T&F 42:30). Vakai foki, T&F 38:16; 42:31, 34, 39; 44:6; 52:40; 83:6; 84:112; 104:18; 105:3. ʻI he teuteu ʻa e Kāingalotú ke mavahe mei Nāvuú, lolotonga e konifelenisi lahi ʻo ʻOkatopa 1845, naʻe fokotuʻu atu ʻe Pilikihami “ke [nau] ʻave kotoa e kaīngalotú mo [kinautolu], ki he lahi taha [te nau] malavá, he ko [honau] mālohingá ia mo e koloá.” Neongo ia, ka ko e niʻihi fakafoʻituitui pē ʻe 214 naʻa nau fakamoʻoni hingoa ʻi he “Fuakava Nāvū” ko ʻení. ʻI he kamata ko ia ʻa e fetukutukú ʻi he 1847, naʻe toe fakamamafaʻi ʻe Pilikihami ki he kāingalotu kotoa ʻo e Siasí ke tali honau fatongia ke tokoniʻi e niʻihi kehé ʻo fakatatau ki he meʻa te nau malavá. Vakai, History of the Church, 7 vols. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1976-80), 7:465.

  11. Naʻe fakaʻosi ʻaki ʻe Kelēlisa ʻIongi Sipenisā, “Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi ʻulungaanga fisifisimuʻa ʻo e tangataʻeikí ʻi heʻene hoko ko ha takí ʻa e anga ko ia ʻene tokangaʻi ʻa e uelofea fakatuʻasino mo fakalaumālie ʻa hono kakaí fakataha mo hono fakahinohinoʻi kinautolu ki heʻenau ngaahi fiemaʻu fakalaumālié” (Clarissa Young Spencer and Mable Harmer, Brigham Young at Home [Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1963], 169). Naʻe ongoʻi ʻe ha ʻofefine ʻe taha ko Susa ʻIongi Keiti ko ʻene tamaí “ʻoku hā mei ai ʻa e tataki fakalaumālie fakaʻOtua ʻi heʻene fakahoko fakalelei ʻa e ngaahi ʻekitivitī fakasōsialé pea fakafekauʻaki ʻa e meʻa fakafiefiá ʻo laka ange ia ʻi heʻene malangá. Naʻá ne fakafemoʻuekinaʻi e kakaí, fakahoko ha ngaahi meʻa fakafiefia ʻoku fakalao pea poupouʻi hono fakaʻongaʻi ʻo e mālohi kotoa pē, meʻafoaki kotoa pē mo e ongo e loto e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá.” Naʻá ne fakatokangaʻi naʻe “fuʻu siʻisiʻi ha ʻaho mālōlō mo hano kātoangaʻi ʻo e ngaahi ʻaho mālōloó ʻi he ngaahi taʻu faingataʻa naʻe fai ai ha ngāue lahi, he ko e laumālie ia ʻo e fakafeohi mo e feohiʻanga fakalaumālie fakasōsiale, kae mālō mo e tuʻutuʻuni fakapotopoto ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí” (Susa Young Gates and Leah D. Widtsoe, The Life Story of Brigham Young [New York: Macmillan, 1930], 266; naʻe fakatonutonu ʻa e sipelá). Neongo naʻe ola lelei hono fakahoko e konga kehekehe ʻo e folofolá mo e finangalo ʻo e ʻEikí ʻi he tataki ʻa Pilikihamí, ka ko e ueʻi fakalaumālié naʻe maʻu ia mei he ʻEikí.

  12. Hili ha ʻaho ʻe fā mei hono maʻu ʻo e vahe 136, naʻá ne fakahā ki he kakaí ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai “haʻane fanga pulu feʻunga ke ʻalu ki he moʻungá” ka ʻikai ke ʻi ai “haʻane veiveiua pe manavasiʻi ʻi he ʻalu ki he moʻungá, pea naʻá ne fuʻu ongoʻi malu ʻo hangē pē ʻokú [ne] maʻu ha koloa lahi mei he Hahaké” (Historian’s Office, History of the Church, Jan. 18, 1847).

  13. Naʻe fili pē ʻe Pilikihami ʻa e kau tangata ʻe toko 143 ki he kulupú (ʻo kau ai ha kau fefine ʻe toko 3 mo e fānau ʻe toko 2), naʻe kau ʻa ʻĒlisi ʻEamesi he niʻihi naʻe fuofua fokotuʻu ke kau ki he kulupú ka naʻe toe mavahe pē ia hili ʻenau mavahe mei he Nofoʻanga Fakafaʻahitaʻu Momokó, koeʻuhí pē ko haʻane puke. Naʻe ʻikai leva ke faʻa kau ia ʻi hono lau ko ha mēmipa ʻo e fuofua kulupú koeʻuhí pē ko e fuʻu nounou e taimi naʻe kau atu aí. Naʻe tūʻuta ʻa ʻEamesi ki ʻIutā ʻi he 1849, pea naʻá ne hoko ko e ʻuluaki pule kolo ia ʻo Polovó ʻi he 1851 (John Clifton Moffitt, The Story of Provo, Utah [Provo, UT: Press Publishing, 1975], 266). Naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻe ʻOasoni F. Uitenī naʻe “fili ha kau tangata ʻe toko 144.” Koeʻuhí ko e meʻa ko ʻení, naʻe makape hake ai ha tui manakoa ʻoku fakafofongaʻi ʻe he mataʻifiká ʻa e kau tangata ʻe toko hongofulu mā ua maʻá e haʻa takitaha ʻo ʻIsileli ʻe toko hongofulu mā uá, ʻa ia ko ha kakai ia ʻe taha ʻo e fuakavá. Mahalo pē naʻe tui ʻa Uitenī ki he meʻá ni, ka naʻá ne toe ʻiloʻi ko ha foʻi fakamahamahalo pē ia: “ʻOku ʻikai ke mau ʻiloʻi pe naʻe fakataumuʻa pē ia ke pehē pe naʻe ʻikai pē ʻi ai ha fakakaukau pehē ia” (Orson F. Whitney, History of Utah, 4 vols. [Salt Lake City: George Q. Cannon and Sons, 1892-1904], 1:301).

  14. Historian’s Office, History of the Church, Mar. 3, 1847.

  15. Historian’s Office, History of the Church, Jan. 18, 1847.

  16. Historian’s Office, History of the Church, Feb. 5, 1847; Norton Jacob journal, May 28, 1847, as published in The Mormon Vanguard Brigade of 1847: Norton Jacob’s Record, ed. Ronald O. Barney (Logan: Utah State University Press, 2005), 150; naʻe fakatonutonu e sipelá mo e mataʻitohi lahí.

  17. The Record of Norton Jacob, ed. C. Edward Jacob and Ruth S. Jacob (n.p.: Norton Jacob Family Association, n.d.), 50.

  18. Historian’s Office general Church minutes, May 23, 1847, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; naʻe fakatonutonu ʻa e sipelá.

  19. Historian’s Office general Church minutes, May 23, 1847; Wilford Woodruff journal, May 16, 1847, in Wilford Woodruff’s Journal: 1833–1898, Typescript, 9 vols., ed. Scott G. Kenney (Midvale, UT: Signature Books, 1983–85), 3:177; naʻe fakatonutonu ʻa e sipelá.

  20. William Clayton diary, May 29, 1847, in An Intimate Chronicle: The Journals of William Clayton, trade ed., ed. George D. Smith (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1995), 333.

  21. Bennett, We’ll Find the Place, 69.

  22. Naʻe kamata ke fakataha hake e kau mēmipa ʻo e kulupu tuʻukimuʻá ki he feituʻu naʻe tala ke nau fakataha ki aí ʻi he Vaitafe ʻElikahōn, fakafuofua ki he maile ʻe 20 mei he fakahihifo ʻo e Nofoʻanga Fakafaʻahitaʻu Momokó ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo ʻEpelelí. Neongo ia, naʻe toki fokotuʻu fakaʻofisiale ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi he ʻaho 16 ʻo ʻEpelelí ʻa e kulupú ki he toko teau, nimangofulu, mo e toko hongofulu, pea naʻe kamata leva ʻenau fononga fakataha ko ha kulupú mei ʻElikahooni.

  23. Wilford Woodruff journal, May 28, 1847, ʻi he Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, 3:186; naʻe fakatonutonu e sipelá mo e mataʻitohi lahí.

  24. William Clayton diary, May 29, 1847, in An Intimate Chronicle, 325, 330–31.

  25. Ko e malanga ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi he ʻaho 18 ʻo Mē 1873, ʻi hono pulusi ʻi he Journal of Discourses, 16:46.

  26. Ko e malanga ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi he ʻaho 12 ʻo Sānuali 1868, ʻi hono pulusi ʻi he Journal of Discourses, 12:151; Brigham Young sermon, Oct. 7, 1859, as published in Journal of Discourses, 7:281.