Ioane, ana Reirei Iesu ae E Tangiria

Iroun Eric D. Huntsman

Te Burobeetia ibukin Koroboki Aika Tabu Ake Rimoa, Brigham Young Iuniwetiri

Koroboki man te Nu Tetemanti ake taekan Ioane te tatangiraki a kaotia bwa te tia reirei ao te banna ibukin oin rikira bwa ana reirei Iesu.

Kabwarabwara man te Te Toa are Te Riao, iroun Carl Bloch

Imwin Betero, Ioane tao te kabanea ni kinaaki mai buakoia ana Abotoro Iesu ake Tengaun ma Uoman. Ngaia ma tarina, ae Iakobo, a raona Betero inanon tabeua taai aika rang kakawaki n ana mwakuri te Tia Kamaiu ngke e maiu, ao ni irekereke n aron aia katei ma nimaua booki n te Nu Tetemanti aika a kakaokoro.¹ Reitakina ae kaan ma te Uea e kaotaki ni Ioane 13:23: “Ao e rarikiriki i banibanin Iesu ana reirei temanna, are E tangiria Iesu.” Inanon rooro ma rooro, Korobanna ni kiritian a kaota te tamnei aei, ni katamneia Ioane bwa te ataeinimwaane, ae n angin te tai e mwamwaneaki ni bain te Tia Kamaiu. Aio oin raoi arana ae onoti, Ioane te Tatangiraki, ma ana kakoaua ao ana mwakuri e kaota aekan te riki bwa ana reirei Iesu ae ti kona ni bane ni karekei.

Ioane, Natin Tebetaio

Aran Ioane n Ebera, Yohanan, nanona “E a tia n akoi te Atua.” Angiin te kabwarabwara ae ti ataia ibukina a roko man euangkerio ake teniua, ake a taekina karakinan ana mwakuri te Tia Kamaiu n ana tai ni maiu man aia taratara ae tii te arona. A bane n titebo n aia kabwarabwara bwa Ioane bon natin te tia akawa ae kaubwai mai Kariraia ae arana Tebetaio, ae iai oin ana booti ao e kona n kamwakuriia taan mwakuri ni buokia ma natina mwaane n aia mwakuri. Ioane ao tarina, ae Iakobo, iai naba aia reitaniwaaki ma Betero ao Anterea, ao ngaia aman a kitana aia akawa ngke e weteia Iesu bwa a na Iria n riki bwa ana reirei n te tai ae bwanin.²

Kristo e weteia Abotoro aika Iakobo ao Ioane, Edward Armitage (1817-96) / Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust, UK / © Museums Sheffield / The Bridgeman Art Library International

E ngae ngke taian Euangkerio a aki manga mwanewea Tebetaio, tinan Iakobo ao Ioane e riki bwa te tia iriira Iesu, n riki bwa te tia raoi nakon Iesu ibukiia natina mwaane ao n karoko naba n tain Taurakina n te Kaibangaki.³ N arana ae kinaaki iai ae Tarome, tinan Iakobo ma Ioane tao bon tarin naba Maria, are Tinan Iesu, ao aei are e karikia bwa ai taari ngaia ma Iesu ao aia koraki Ioane te tia Bwabetito.⁴

E aki maan imwin moan weteana, Ioane e noori ana kakai te Uea aika a mwaiti ao ana reirei.⁵ Noorakin taian kakai aikai ao ongoraeakin ana anga reirei n ai aron te Kabwarabwara iaon te Maunga e katauraoa raoi Ioane nakon te tai are e na weteaki iroun Iesu bwa temanna mai buakoia ana Abotoro ake Tengaun ma Uoman.⁶ Mai buakoia taan kakoaua aika onoti, Betero, Iakobo, ao Ioane a karaoa te mironron n abotoro aika a onoti ake a iri n taai aika a kakawaki n ana Mwakuri Iesu iaon te aba:

• Ni kateirakean natin Iairo te aine. nooran raoi mwaakan te Uea iaon te mate.⁷

• Iaon te Maunga ni Bitaki, are a noora iai Iesu ni kaotaki Mimitongina ao n ongo bwanaan te Tama n kakoaua bwa Iesu bon Natina are moan te tangiraki.⁸

• Iaon te Maunga are Oriweta ibukin ana kabanea n Taetae ni burabeti n taekan kabanea ni bong.⁹

• N te On Aroka ae Ketetemwane, ngke a bon kaan n ana tai te Tia Kamaiu n waakina Ana mwakuri ni Kamaiu ae korakora.¹⁰

N ai aron are Iesu Kristo e angan Timon arana ae raka Keba ke Betero, ae nanona te “bwa,” E angan naba Iakobo ao Ioane kinakiia Boanareke, ke “natin te baa.”¹¹ Ibukina bwa a titirakina Iesu bwa a na wetea te ai bwa e na ruona aia kaawa I-Tamaria ake a tia ni Katinanikua (taraa Ruka 9:51–56), te ara aei e kona ni kaotia bwa bon aomata ngaia aika a unuun ke tao a eti-matoa. Ma, tao nanona naba bwa te ara anne bon kaingaan rikiia bwa taan kakoaua aika korakora, n ai aron aran Betero are tao e aki oti ni maiuna ae e kakaonimaki man rang ienikuri mai mwaina n ai aron are e oti ni matoana ao korakorana imwin Maungautin Iesu.¹²

Ni kaotin Ioane n ana boki Mwakuri, e kabwarabwaraaki bwa e korakora, e matoa bwa toan Betero. Ioane bon raon Betero ngke e kamarurunga te mwane ae mwauku n te tembora, ao n uaia n reirei i mataia taan kairiiri aika Iutaia i Ierutarem. A uaia, Abotoro aika uoman aikai ni mwananga nako Tamaria n anga te bwain n tituaraoi ae te Tamnei ae Raoiroi i aoia I-Tamaria ake a reireinaki ma ni bwabetitoaki iroun Biribi.¹³

Ma boni koroboki ake a irekereke ma Ioane are e nooraki bwa te tia kakoaua ae korakora ni mimitongin ana mwatita ao raoraona ae, Iesu Kristo. Booki aikai n te Nu Tetemanti a kaota Ioane bwa te tia reirei ao te banna ibukira n oin rikira bwa ana reirei.

Ana Reire ae Tatangiraki

E kakaongora bwa, Ioane e bon aki mwaneweaki n te euangkerio are e ataaki n aia katei bwa e bon kaineti nakoina. Ana Euangkerio Ioane e mwaneweia natin Tebetaio aika uoman ti teuana te tai, n te kabanea ni mwakoro, ngke a riki bwa uoman mai ibuakoia itiman ake ana reirei Iesu ake a kaaitibo ma te Uea ae e a tia n utu i rarikin Naman Kariraia. Ikekei naba, ao, a bon aki mwaneweaki n araia. Ma, te katei, ae kamatoaki mani kiibu n koroboki aika tabu aika a kaokaki,¹⁴ e a tia ni kaota Ioane are e aki ataaki bwa “ana reirei Iesu are E tangiria” are e mena n tain te Te Toa are te Riao, ngke tauraki n te kaibangaki, n te nono ae akea kaaina, ao ni kabanean kaotin Iesu i rarikin Naman Kariraia.¹⁵

E kona naba n ae ngaia bon “ana rerei are temanna” are, ngaia ma Anterea, a tia n riki bwa ana reirei Ioane te tia Bwabetito ao n ongora nakoina ni kakoaua bwa Iesu bon ana Tibutetei te Atua (taraa Ioane 1:35–40). ao tao bon ngaia naba ana reirei are e raona Betero imwin katikan Iesu ao ni buoka Betero ni karekea te kona n rin n aia tabo ni moti ibonga aika rietaata (taraa Ioane 18:15–16).

N ana Euangkerio Ioane, te reirei ae tatangiraki aei e riki bwa, raoraon raoi te Uea. N raona Mareta, Rataro, ao Maria, e kabwarabwaraaki Ioane n ae mataata n te euangkerio aei bwa temanna are e tangiria Iesu (taraa Ioane 11:3, 5). Nnena n te taibora n tain Te Toa are te Riao e aki tii kaota karineana ma te boonnano naba.

Riaon ana iraorao ma te Tia Kamaiu, tabeua mwakoro a kaotia bwa ngaia bon te tia kakoua ae korakora ni baika a riki aika a kakawaki aika ana mwakuri Iesu: e tei irarikin te kaibangaki ni kakoaua maten te Uea bwa te karea ibukin te bure, e biri nakon te ruanimate i mwin te Maungauti ni kamatoa bwa e bon aki kakaai, ao e noora te Tia Kamaiu ae e a maungauti.

Uoua te tai ae ana Euangkerio Ioane e mwaneweia bwa e boboto iaon ana kakoaua ana reirei Iesu ae tatangiraki ao e kabwarabwaraa bwa e koaua ana kakoaua,¹⁶ te bwai teuana ae kauekea manga korean atuun te Eunagkerio iroun Iotebwa Timiti bwa “Ana Kakoaua Ioane.”¹⁷

E ngae ngke taan rabakau a teimatoa n tuai ni boraoi bwa antai ana reirei ae tatangiraki, ngkana bon te Abotoro ae Ioane, ngkanne boni ngaia boton te rongorongo n te euangkerio, ngkana tiaki ngaia ae koroboki.¹⁸ Bukin tera e teimatoa n tuai ataaki raoi, n tuai n ataaki raoi bwa te Abotoro ae Ioane? Mwakoron te kaeka boni ibukina bwa e tangiria bwa are e rinanona e na riki bwa are a na rinanona taan kakoaua ao ana reirei Iesu n rooro nako. N teimatoa n aki kinaaki, e kona n anganiira te kona ni kariniira inanon are e rinanona, reiakinan aron tangiran ao te tangiraki iroun te Uea ao karekean oin ara kakoaua, are ti katabeaki bwa ti na tibwauaia ma tabeman.

Ana boki: 1, 2, ao 3 Ioane

N ai aron ana Euangkerio Ioane, akea mai ibuakon taian reta aika teniua akanne ae e kaeti nakon Ioane ke tao a mwanewea arana iai. E ngae n anne, 1 Ioane, are kanga bon kabwarabwaraan nanon taian reirei nakon ae tii te reta, e irekereke ma te Euangkerio n tein korobokina ao atuun reirei, n raonaki ma kakawakin te tangira ao te ongotaeka, boto n iango aika e reirei te Tia Kamaiu inanon ana koroboki Ioane n te Toa are Te Riao.

Ni koreaki imwin te Euangkerio,1 Ioane e waaki man katanoataan ana kakoaua te tia koroboki iroun Iesu Kristo,“te baire iai ma ngke a tuai mani karikaki bwai, are ti ongo, are ti nooria ni matara are ti tarataraia, are a ririinga naba baira, ae taekan te Rokou ae te maiu” (1 Ioane 1:1; e kairaki katuruturuana). Irarikin manga taekinan moan rain n ana Euangkerio Ioane, te tia korokaraki e katurua ana kakoaua iroun Iesu Kristo, ae korakora, e onoti ao ae rabwata, are bon ana Rokou te Atua ae e riki n rabwata.

Kiritian ngkoa, ake naake taan moan ongora, n aron ae ataaki bwa a rinanon te bwenaua inanoaa ma te kurubu ae e boutokai koaua aika kairua ibukin Iesu bwa e kitana te Ekaretia.¹⁹ N te 1 Ioane, te tia korokaraki bon tiaki tii te tia kakoaua; bon te aomata ae rietaata ae e weteaki bwa e na kaeti reirei aika kairua ao ni kaaitarai kamamaraan te onimaki irouiia taan kakewea Kristo ao tamnei aika a kewe (taraa 1 Ioane 2:18–27; 4:1–6). Ana mwakuri naba bwa e na kaungaia naake a teimatoa ni kakaonimaki rinanon tibwauan koaua aika uaana n taekan te Atua ao Kristo ao kakawakin te onimaki ao te kororaoi ae reitinako.

N te 2 Ioane ao te 3 Ioane, e kabwarabwaraa ngaia bwa “te unimwaane” ao e reitinako ni katurua kakawakin te tangira ma te ongotaeka ao kaangaanga mairouia taan reirei aika a kewe ao naake a aki ongotaeka nakoia taan kairiiri n te Ekaretia.²⁰

Booki aika teniua aika a reireiniira kakawakin te reitinako n nim nakon Iesu Kristo are e kaotaki.

Te Tia Kaotioti

Ni booki aika nimaua ake a kaineti nakoina, ti Te Kaotioti ae boni kamanena raoi arana ae Ioane, ni kinaa te tia korokaraki teniua te tai n te ara anne ni moani kibuna (taraa Te Kaotioti 1:1, 4, 9). Irarikin are e a kaotia ngaia bwa ana toro te Atua, te tia korokaraki e aki kaota nakoana ke weteana, ma angiina kiritian aika iai nakoaia a kakoaua bwa boni Ioane, are natin Tebetaio.

Ana Boki Moomon ao Reirei ao Berita aika Tabu a kamatoa bwa te Abotoro Ioane e a tia n anganaki te mwakuri ae onoti ni karekei mani korei kaotioti ake e karekei.²¹ Te boki ae matoa te oota iai man onrake n te kanikina, Te Kaotioti e koreaki bwa e na karaua te nano ma ni kamatoai nanoia Kiritian ake a taonaki n te bwainikirinaki ke taian kaangaanga n rooro nako ao ni kaota naba taben Iesu Kristo inanon te tai teuana ma teuana.

E ngae ngke iai uoua taai aika kakaokoro ake a uotakirakeaki bwa nningai are Ioane e korea Te Kaotioti—te tai ae rimoa n te AD 60s inanon ana tai n tautaeka te embera ae Nero ao te tai ae rimwi n te AD 90s n ana tai te embera ae Domitian—taai aika uoua boni imwin tiringan Betero, are e karika Ioane bwa te mataniwi n Abotoro ae tiku ni maiu.

Ma, Weteana, bon tiaki ti ibukin karekean ao rekootinan taian kaotioti ake inanon te boki. N teuana ana kaotioti, te anera e tuanga Ioane te Tia Kaotioti bwa e na anaa te boki ae uarereke, ke te ninira ni boki, ao ni kanna. N te moantai ao e na karewe ni wiina, ao e na kamaoa biritona, are e kaota nanona Iotebwa Timiti bwa e kaota ana mwakuri ni bootiia Tibun Iteraera bwa mwakoron manga kaokan bwaai nako (taraa Te Kaotioti 10:9–11; Reirei ao Berita aika Tabu 77:14). E kona ni karaoaki te mwakuri aei ibukina bwa ana mwakuri Ioane ae reitinako imwin are e bitaki rabwatana. E ngae ngke taan anga aia iango, ngkoa ao ngkai, a bwenaua n nanon ana taeka Iesu nakon Betero ibukin te bwai ae e na riki nakon Ioane ni banen te euangkerio (taraa Ioane 21:20–23), Iotebwa Timiti e karekea te kaotioti ni kamatoa bwa ana mwakuri Ioane e na reitinako bwa te aomata ae e bitaki rabwatana ni karakoa manga okin te Tia Kamaiu (taraa Reirei ao Berita aika Tabu 7:1–6). N taekana teuana, e aki ti taetae ni burabetii taian kabanea ni bong, ma ana mwakuri naba boni buokan kakoroan nanon taetae ni burabeti aikai ao kakoauan koron nanon baike a kaotaki nakoina.

E ngae ngke aki bubura oin ara mwakuri, ana katooto Ioane e reireiniira bwa ara tangira ibukin Iesu Kristo e kairiira nakon butimwaean oini weteara ma kakaewenakoara inanon maiura, e ngae ngke a taraa ni matoa n taai tabetai.

Te kakoaua ae korakora ni baika a riki aika moan te kakawaki n ana mwakuri Iesu, E tei Ioane irarikin te kaibangaki ni kakoaua maten te Uea, e biri nakon te ruanimate imwin te Maungauti ni kamatoa bwa e bon aki kakaai, ao e noora te TIa Kamaiu ae maiu.

Ioane ao Betero n te Ruanimate, iroun Robert Theodore Barrett

Rikira bwa Ana ReIrei Iesu aika Tatangiraki

Ioane bon te membwa ae e mena imoa irouiia ana moan Abotoro Iesu ake tengaun ma uoman, temanna ae iai ana reitaki ae onoti ma te Tia Kamaiu ao e beku n taabe aika a kakawaki bwa Ana tia kakoaua, bwa te tia kariiri n te Ekaretia, ao bwa te tia kaotioti. Ma te kawai ae e rineia bwa e na kabwarabwaraa arona bwa bon ana reirei Iesu ae tatangiraki inanon te euangkerio are e mwanewea arana e anganna te kona bwa e na riki bwa te banna ibukira ni kabane n oin rikira bwa ana reirei Iesu. Mairouna ti reiakinna bwa ngkai taan iriira Iesu Kristo, ti kona n motirawa iaan baina n tangira, are bon te tangira ae ti na mataata riki rinanon taian otenanti n ai aron are e kateia n te Toa are Te Riao. Ti kona naba n tei irarikin te kaibangaki, ni kakoaua bwa e mate ibukira Iesu, ao ni mwananga ma te kantaninga n reiakinna i bon iroura bwa e maiu te Uea. N ai aron Ioane, bwa ana reirei Iesu aika tatangiraki ao weteara bon tibwauan te kakoaua anne ma tabeman, kakoauan koauan ao kakoroan nanon taian wewete ake a roko nakoira ni karokoa manga okin te Uea.

Bwaai aika a na taraaki

1. E kakaongora bwa n, tii ana boki Te Kaotioti ae kaineti n taekina te tia korokaraki bwa Ioane (taraa Te Kaotioti 1:1, 4). Akea man te Euangkerio, n raonaki ma Ioane, ae kaota te tia korokaraki. Ma, Te Katei ni Kiritian ngkoa, e kaota tamnein ana reirei Iesu ae tatangiraki n ana Euangkerio Ioane ma te Abotoro n arana anne. Ibukin te marooro iaon te kakoaua, maroroiia taan rabakau, ao iango aika a nano aika a Kaokaki n irekereke ma aio, taraa bwaai aika a na taraaki 17. Ana boki te 1 Ioane naba e aki kaota te tia korokaraki, ma n tein ao baika a koreaki e kaan ma ana Euangkerio Ioane. Ana boki 2 ao 3 Ioane a kaineti tii nakon “te unimwaane” ma te katei ni Kiritian ngkoa e reitiia ma te tia korokaraki n Ioane ao 1 Ioane.

2. Taraa Mareko 1:19–20; taraa naba Mataio 4:21–22; Ruka 5:10–11. Angiia taan rabakau a kakoaua bwa e moani koreaki Mareko, tao i nukan te 60s AD ma Mataio ao Ruka a koreia n te AD 70s ke n moan AD 80s. Ibukin aei, taian kamataata n te wareware mani Mareko e anganira te kona n nooria bwa a kanga Mataio ao Ruka ni karinii riki ke ni bita te rongorongo are mai imwaina.

3. E ngae ngke Mareko 10:35–37 e taua mwina bwa Iakoko ao Ioane a bubuti bwa a na tekateka i angatain ao i angamaingin Iesu n Abanueana, Mataio 20:20–21 e reitia n taku bwa te bubuti aei e roko mai iroun tinaia. Menana ikeke ngke E tauraki n te Kaibangaki ao imwina n ruanimate are e aki kakaai, taraa Mareko 15:40; 16:1–8; taraa naba Mataio 27:55–56; Ruka 23:49, 55; 24:1–10; ao Ioane 19:25.

4. Ibukin riki te marooro n taian reitaki aikai ma Tarome, ao rongorongon te utu ao ana bitineti ae te akawa Tebetaio, Taraa R. Alan Culpepper, Ioane, Natin Tebetaio: The Life of a Legend (2000), 7–23.

5. Taraa Mareko 1:21–31, 40–45; 2:1–12; 3:1–6; taraa naba Mataio 8:1–4; 9:1–8; 12:9–14; Ruka 4:33–39; 5:12–15, 17–26; 6:6–11.

6. Ibukin te Kabwarabwara iaon te Maunga, taraa Mataio 5–7. Ibukin te wewete nakon Ioane ao moan Abotoro ake tabeman, taraa Mareko 3:13–19; taraa naba Mataio 10:2–4; Ruka 6:13–16.

7. Taraa Mareko 5:37; taraa naba Mataio 9:23–26; Ruka 8:51, e ngae ngke Mataio e aki korei araia Betero, Iakobo, ao Ioane.

8. Taraa Mareko 9:2–10; taraa naba Mataio 17:1–8; Ruka 9:28–36.

9. Taara Mareko 13:3–37.

10. Taraa Mareko 14:32–34; taraa naba Mataio 26:36–38.

11. Taraa Mareko 3:17. Boanareke boni korean te taeka n Aramaic ae bene regesh ke r’m, ae nanona bon “natin te aki boraoi ao te baa.”

12. Taraa Culpepper, Ioane, natin Tebetaio te mwaane, 38–40, 50.

13. Taraa Mwakuri 3:1–11; 4:1–21; 8:14–17.

14. Taraa Reirei ao Berita aika Tabu 7; 77; 88:141.

15. Taraa Ioane 13:23; 19:26, 34–35; 20:2–10; 21:1–14, 20–25; taraa naba Culpepper, Ioane, natin Tebetaio te mwaane, 57–69.

16. Taraa Ioane 19:35; 21:24–25; taraa naba Ioane 20:30–31.

17. Taraa Ana Rairairi ae Boou Iotebwa Timiti n te Bwaibwara: Te moan maninkoroboki, e rinanoaki iroun Scott H. Faulring, Kent P. Jackson, ao Robert J. Matthews (2004), 234.

18. Ibukin taian katoto n te maroro iaon kinakin ana reirei Iesu ae tatangiraki, taraa Culpepper, Ioane, natin Tebetaio te mwaane,, 72–85, ao Raymond E. Brown, Te Kabwarabwara nakon ana Euangkerio Ioane, e rinanoaki iroun Francis J. Moloney (2003), 189–199. Ibukin te Abotoro ae Ioane bwa oin te karaki ke te tia korokaraki n ana Euangkerio Ioane, taraa Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, Eric D. Huntsman, ao Thomas A. Wayment, Iesu Kristo ao te Aonaaba n te Nu Tetemanti (2006), 126–127, ao oin au koroboki n “Ana Euangkerio Ioane” n Rongorongon te Nu Tetemanti, te Katei, ao te Botanaomata (2018), ed. Lincoln Blumell.

19. Taraa Raymond E. Brown, Ana Reta Ioane (The Anchor Bible, vol. 30 [1982]), 49–55, 71.

20. Taraa Culpepper, Iesu Kristo ao te Aonaaba n te Nu Tetemanti , 90–95, ao Holzapfel, Huntsman, ao Wayment, Iesu Kristo ao te Aonaaba n te Nu Tetemanti , 274–77.

21. Taraa Holzapfel, Huntsman, ao Wayment, Iesu Kristo ao te Aonaaba n te Nu Tetemanti, 281–82, ao riki 1 Nibwaai 14:18–27; Ita 4:16; ao Reirei ao Berita aika Tabu 7:1–3; 77.