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馬太福音10:1;馬可福音16:17;亦見馬太福音17:20-21;使徒行傳3:1-7;5:12,15-16;14:8-10;聖經雅各書5:13-16。
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“Revelation, circa 8 March 1831–A [DC 46],” in Revelation Book 1, 77, 78, josephsmithpapers.org; “Revelation, 7 December 1830 [DC 35],” in Revelation Book 1, 47, josephsmithpapers.org; “Revelation 22–23 September 1832 [DC 84],” 3, josephsmithpapers.org;亦見教義和聖約35:9;46:9,19-20;84:65-72。
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聖經雅各書5:14-15;“Revelation, 9 February 1831 [DC 42:1–72],” 4, josephsmithpapers.org;亦見教義和聖約42:43-44。
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哥林多前書12:4-11;摩羅乃書10:11;“Revelation, circa 8 March 1831–A [DC 46],” in Revelation Book 1, 78;亦見教義和聖約46:20。
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For accounts of early Mormon healing practices, see The Journals of William E.McLellin, 1831–1836, edited by Jan Shipps and John W.Welch (Provo, UT: BYU Studies; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 40, 45, 66, 71; Juanita L.Pulsipher, ed., “History of Sarah Studevant Leavitt (1875),” 9, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B.Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; see also Jonathan A.Stapley and Kristine Wright, “The Forms and the Power: The Development of Mormon Ritual Healing to 1847,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 35, no. 3(Summer 2009), 42–87.
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See Stapley and Wright, “The Forms and the Power,” 65–66.在一些例子中,患者喝下聖化膏油。
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Jonathan A.Stapley and Kristine Wright, “‘They Shall Be Made Whole’: A History of Baptism for Health,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 34, no. 4(Fall 2008), 69–112.
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這些醫治的儀式包括按手,以及洗濯和膏抹。Stapley and Wright, “The Forms and the Power,” 75–77.
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Nauvoo Relief Society minutes, Apr. 28, 1842, in Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J.Grow, eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016), 55.
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Mary Walker Morris diary, July 22 and Sept. 6, 1879; Mar. 3, 1881, in Before the Manifesto: The Life Writings of Mary Lois Walker Morris, edited by Melissa Lambert Milewski (Logan: Utah State University Press, 2007), 226, 230, 298.在其他的例子中,由婦女洗濯和膏抹,而男性則是印證膏抹和祝福。Morris diary, Sept. 7–8, 1881, in Life Writings, 314.一般而言,婦女執行這些祝福時,會有其他婦女或兒童陪同,並且是為他們執行;但有時他們在給予醫治或安慰的祝福時,也會祝福男性,或與男性一同執行。For example, see Wilford Woodruff journal, Mar. 30, 1838, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; see also Helen Mar Kimball, “Scenes in Nauvoo, and Incidents from H. C. Kimball’s Journal,” Woman’s Exponent, vol. 12, no. 6(Aug. 15, 1883), 42.Women’s participation in healing rituals is discussed further in Jill Mulvay Derr, Janath Russell Cannon, and Maureen Ursenbach Beecher, Women of Covenant: The Story of Relief Society (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1992), 44–45, 67–68, 114, 220–21, 429–30.A more recent and comprehensive treatment is Jonathan A.Stapley and Kristine Wright, “Female Ritual Healing in Mormonism,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 37, no. 1(Winter 2011), 1–85.
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For examples of such statements, see Brigham Young discourse, Nov. 14, 1869, in Journal of Discourses, 26 vols.(London: Latter-Day Saints’ Book Depot, 1871), 13:155; “Report of the Dedication of the Kaysville Relief Society House, Nov. 12, 1876,” Woman’s Exponent, vol. 5, no. 19(Mar. 1, 1877), 149.
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“Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Draft Circular Letter, October 6, 1880 (Excerpt),” in Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J.Grow, eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016), 489.惠福·伍會長在一封提供教導的書信中,以類似的用語對總會慈助會祕書說話。他說,婦女「並不是以聖職成員的身分,而是以教會成員的身份」來施助病人(Wilford Woodruff letter to Emmeline B.Wells, Apr. 27, 1888, 3, Church History Library, Salt Lake City)。
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Morgan Utah Stake Relief Society minutes and records (1878–1912), vol. 1, Apr. 28, 1883, 93, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.
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See Minutes, Nov. 1888, Ashley Center Ward Relief Society minute book, 1880–92, vol. 1, 77, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Minutes, Mar. 5, 1896, Thatcher Ward Relief Society minutes and records, 1884–1910, vol. 1, 166; Minutes, Oct. 23, 1897, Farmers Ward Relief Society minutes and records, 1896–1902, vol. 2, 62; Minutes, Sept. 13, 1899, Provo Utah Central Stake Relief Society minutes, vol. 5, 41.
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See Jonathan A.Stapley, “‘Pouring in Oil’: The Development of the Modern Mormon Healing Ritual,” in Daniel L.Belnap, ed., By Our Rites of Worship: Latter-day Saint Views on Ritual in Scripture, History, and Practice (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2013), 295, 297–98.
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See Young Men’s Mutual Improvement Associations Manual, 1902–1903 (Salt Lake City: General Board of Y.M.M.I.A., 1902), 58–59; Handbook of Instructions for Stake Presidencies, Bishops, and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks and Other Church Officers, no. 16(Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1940), 125–26; see also Joseph Fielding Smith, Answers to Gospel Questions, 5 vols.(Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1957), 1:148.
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See Young Men’s Mutual Improvement Associations Manual, 58–59.
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Stapley, “‘Pouring in Oil,’” 303–5.
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Stapley and Wright, “Female Ritual Healing,” 64–69.今日提交名字到聖殿祈禱名單的這個做法,延續了聖殿和醫治之間的關聯性;聖殿教儀的一部分,是為生病的人獻上祈禱。
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First Presidency letter to stake presidents and bishops, Oct. 3, 1914, in James R.Clark, comp., Messages of the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 6 vols.(Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1970), 4:314–15.總會會長團說,婦女「有同樣的權利施助生病的兒童,就像施助生病的成人那樣,她們也可以藉信心來膏抹和按手在他們頭上」(First Presidency letter, Oct. 3, 1914)。後期聖徒在運用醫治的恩賜時日益強調聖職權柄,使得他們的醫治行為,與20世紀初美國文化盛行的信心醫治方式,彼此區隔開來。他們認為只有聖職祝福才是正統的做法。See Stapley and Wright, “Female Ritual Healing,” 41–46; John A.Widtsoe, Program of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Salt Lake City: General Boards of the Mutual Improvement Associations of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1938), 127.
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聖經雅各書5:14;Journal History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jan. 16, 1921, 101, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Heber J.Grant letter to P. J. Hansen, Mar. 12, 1934, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Heber J.Grant, J. Reuben Clark, David O.McKay letter to Rodney S.Williams, Dec. 14, 1943, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.
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Form letter on Relief Society letterhead, July 29, 1946, Relief Society Washing and Anointing File, Church History Library, Salt Lake City (an annotation on the letter indicates it was written by Joseph Fielding Smith for the use of Relief Society leaders); Joseph Fielding Smith, “Your Question: Administering to the Sick,” Improvement Era, vol. 58, no. 8(Aug. 1955), 558–59, 607.
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指導手冊第二冊:管理教會(2010),20.6.1。
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教義和聖約42:43。
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Journal of Discourses, 26 vols.(London: Latter-Day Saints’ Book Depot, 1857), 4:24.
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Derr, Cannon, and Beecher, Women of Covenant, 107–8.
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達林·鄔克司,「醫治病人」,2010年5月,利阿賀拿,第47頁。
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“Measles Vaccination Campaign,” Mormon Newsroom, mormonnewsroom.org.
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達林·鄔克司,「醫治病人」,第50頁。