Anomea Faavaitaimi a le Ekalesia

O le lolomiga o anomea faavaitaimi o se itu taua lea o fesootaiga a le Ekalesia mai lava i uluai tausaga o le Ekalesia. I le taimi o le faavaega o le Ekalesia, o nusipepa o nisi ia o auala aupito taua mo le faasalalauina o faamatalaga i totonu o le Iunaite Setete. E tele ina tosinaina manatu o faatonu e uiga i tapuaiga ma upufai, ma o nisi o uluai punavai faasolopito e fesootai ma le Ekalesia toefuatai, o ni osofaiga sa lolomiina i nusipepa sa tetee i le Ekalesia. Sa vave ona iloa e le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai le taua o le i ai o sa latou lava falelomitusi. O le lolomiina o nusipepa sa faatagaina ai le Au Paia e folasia atu o latou lava manatu, taofia talafeavea’i sese, fesootai i le tasi ma le isi po o le a lava le mamao, ma fefaasoaai ai le talalelei. O le tele o faaaliga ma faaliliuga musuia a Iosefa Samita na lolomiina mo le uluai taimi i nusipepa a le Ekalesia.

O le uluai lomiga o le The Evening and the Morning Star, le uluai nusipepa a le Ekalesia.

O Uluai Nusipepa a le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai

I se konafesi a le Ekalesia i le 1831, i Hiram, Ohaio, sa faatagaina ai William W. Phelps e faatau mai se masini lomitusi i Cincinnati a o aga atu i Misuri.¹ I le avea ai o se sui auai o le Kamupani e Vaaia Mea Tautusi, sa nafa ai se komiti i le popofou o le Ekalesia ma le vaavaaia o lomiga a le Ekalesia, sa faavaeina ai e Phelps se ofisa lomitusi i Initipene, Misuri. O iina sa ia lolomiina ai le nusipepa muamua a le Ekalesia, The Evening and the Morning Star, na amata ia Iuni 1832.² Peitai, e lei leva ona i ai le nusipepa, aua sa faaleagaina e tagata fiapule malosi le falelomitusi o Phelps ia Iulai 1833.³ Ina ua uma ona faatau mai se lomitusi fou, sa toe sui e taitai o le Ekalesia le mea e faatu ai lo latou fale lomitusi i Katelani, Ohaio, ma sa amata ai ona lolomiina le Latter Day Saints’ Messenger and Advocate. Ia Oketopa 1837, sa toe suia lena lomiga i le Elders’ Journal of the Church of Latter Day Saints. Ae paga lea, e oo atu ia Ianuari 1838, sa faoa e leoleo o le itumalo le ofisa lomitusi ma latou umia ai le pule mo le lomitusi a le Ekalesia. Sa faatamaia le ofisa i se afi i le aso 16 Ianuari.⁴

Ina ua tutuliese mai le Au Paia mai Misuri i le 1838, sa latou puipuia le leiloa atu o se isi masini lomitusi taua i Fa Uesi i le tanuina i se lotoa o se tagata o le Ekalesia i le taimi lava o le a latou tuua ai. O iina na i ai lava le masini lomitusi seia oo ina toe maua mai i le tautotogo na sosoo ai. O le taimi lena na auina atu ai i Navu, Ilinoi, lea na toefaafou ai ma sa faaaoga ai e lolomi le Times and Seasons, o se nusipepa sa tusifaamaumau ai pisinisi ma le olaga i aso faisoo o le Ekalesia i Navu.⁵

Ia Me 1840, sa amata ai e uso o le Korama a Aposetolo e Toasefululua ona lolomi le Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star a o i ai i latou ia latou misiona i Egelani. Na lolomi muamua i Maniseta ona lolomi ai lea mulimuli ane i Livapulu, na avea ma anomea faavaitaimi aupito sili ona umi ona faaalu a le Ekalesia ma sa taua i le tuputupu ae ma le lagolagoina o le Ekalesia i Peretania Tele.⁶ Sa faavaeina foi e faifeautalai a le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai anomea faavaitaimi i misiona uma a le Ekalesia i Europa ma sasae o le Iunaite Setete. Sa i ai i nei uluai faasalalauga muamua ma le aupito faatosina le Skandinaviens Stjerne, na muai lomia i le 1851 i Copenhagen. Na mafai ai ona maua e le Au Paia Tenimaka ma Suetena ia lauga a perofeta, o tusi a i latou sa malaga mai e faapotopoto i Siona, ma toe gaosia ai le faaliliuga o anomea mai le Millennial Star and the Deseret News. Na ofoina atu e faifeautalai i Uelese, Farani,ma Siamani ia anotusi faapena i gagana masani a tagata i lomiga o Prophwyd y Jubili (sa faaigoaina foi o le Seren y Saints), l’Étoile du Déséret, ma le Zions Panier, e pei ona i ai.⁷

I le 1847 i Uinita Kuota, Nebraska, sa toe faatagaina ai e taitai o le Ekalesia ia Viliamu W. Phelps e faatau mai se masini lomitusi ma auina atu i se Siona fou o le a fauina i le Pesini Tele. O le lomiga muamua o le Deseret News na lolomi i lenei lomitusi i le Aai o Sate Leki ia Iuni 1850.⁸

Anomea Faavaitaimi a le Aualofa ma Ausilali

E ui ina sa faaaofia e faatonu o le Deseret News ia mea na tutupu i le Ekalesia lautele ma faalemalo i Iuta ma nofoaga taulalata ane o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai, ae sa amatalia lava e nisi o sui iloga o le Ekalesia ni anomea faavaitaimi sa talanoaina ai autu ma ni aofia patino. I le 1866, sa faalauiloa ai e Elder George Q. Cannon le Juvenile Instructor, o se faasalalauga faavaitaimi sa mamanuina e aoao atu ai le talalelei i fanau laiti ma le autalavou. Sa amataina e Louisa Lula Green, o se tei tamaitai e 19-tausaga-le matua o Polika Iaga le Woman’s Exponent i le 1872, ma suitulaga ai Emmeline B. Wells lea na avea mulimuli ane ma Peresitene Aoao o le Aualofa, o ia e avea ma faatonu i le 1877. O le Woman’s Exponent na lagolagoina aia tatau a tamaitai ma sa folafola atu ai le talalelei toefuataiina, o ni faamoemoega se lua na vaai i ai Wells e fesootai lelei. E le i umia e le Ekalesia se tasi o nei anomea faavaitaimi, ae sa taufai faamanuiaina tele le lua lea i le salalau atu ma talanoaga i totonu o tagata o le Ekalesia.⁹

O le uluai lomiga o le Woman’s Exponent, o se faasalalauga faavaitaimi i le popofou sa lolomi ma faasalalauina e tamaitai o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai.

E lei umi ae amata e aufaatonu aoao o le tele o faalapotopotoga a le Ekalesia a latou lava lomiga. Na amata le Contributor i le 1879 mo alii talavou, o le Young Woman’s Journal na amata i le 1889 mo tamaitai talavou, ma le Children’s Friend na amata i le 1902 mo tamaiti laiti.¹⁰ Na suitulaga i le Contributor le Improvement Era i le 1897. I le 1900 sa faatau mai ai e le aufaatonu aoao o le Aoga Sa le Juvenile Instructor ma faalauteleina le misiona faaleaoaoga a le mekasini mai le taulai atu i tamaiti ma le autalavou i le faaaofia ai o tagata matutua uma o le Ekalesia.¹¹ I le 1914, sa lolomiina ai e le aufaatonu aoao o le Aualofa se puletini faalemasina, ma sa amata ia Ianuari 1915, sa faalauiloa ai le aufaatonu lana lava mekasini o le Relief Society Magazine, lea na suia ai le Woman’s Exponent.¹²

Sootaga o Anomea Faavaitaimi a le Ekalesia

O nei anomea faavaitaimi a le Ekalesia ua faaleleia atili ai olaga o tagata o le ekalesia mo le fiasefulu o tausaga. Peitai, faatasi ai ma le faatupulaia vave o le Ekalesia ma le salalau atu i le lalolagi i le 1960 ma le 1970, ua iloa ai e taitai o le Ekalesia le manaomia o nisi fesootaiga maopoopo. Sa latou faamutaina le lomiga o mekasini a ausilali-ma misiona i se taumafaiga e auina atu se savali soofaatasi. O uluai lomiga o le Ensign mo tagata matutua o le ekalesia, o le New Era mo le autalavou, ma le Friend mo tamaiti laiti na amata ona lolomi i le 1971.¹³

O le uluai lomiga o le Ensign, na lolomi ia Ianuari 1971.

I le 1971, sa amata ai foi e le Ekalesia ona filifili, faaliliu, ma lolomi ia anotusi mai mekasini fesootai e tolu i anomea faavaitaimi mo tagata o le Ekalesia e le fenanui i le lalolagi atoa. E oo atu i le 1990 ua aofia ai i lenei taumafaiga ia mekasini eseese e 20, ma le igoa e patino i le gagana lava ia, ma se vaega ua tuuto i anotusi i le lotoifale. I le 2000, sa toe faaigoa ai nei anomea faavaitaimi faavaomalo i le Liahona.¹⁴

Punaoa o le Ekalesia

Doyle L. Green, “The Church and Its Magazines,” Ensign, Jan. 1971, 12–15.

Talaaga o le Soifuaga

O loo tuuina atu i lomiga nei nisi faamatalaga e uiga i lenei autu. O le faasino po o lou fesootai atu i lenei punaoa, matou te le faamaonia pe faamautinoaina ia anomea po o manatu o le tusitala.

Richard D. McClellan, “Periodicals,” in Arnold K. Garr, Donald Q. Cannon, and Richard O. Cowan, eds., Encyclopedia of Latter-day Saint History (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2000), 905–10.

Autu Fesootai: Early Missionaries

Faamatalaga

1. William W. Phelps, “Rise and Progress of the Church of Christ,” April 1833, Historical Introduction, josephsmithpapers.org.

2. William W. Phelps, “Rise and Progress of the Church of Christ,” April 1833, Historical Introduction; Joseph Smith, “Letter to William W. Phelps, 31 July 1832,” 1, note 2, josephsmithpapers.org.

3. “Joseph Smith Documents from February 1833 through March 1844,” josephsmithpapers.org.

4. “Faamoemoega mo le Elders’ Journal, 30 April 1838,” Historical Introduction, in Mark Ashurst-McGee, David W. Grua, Elizabeth A. Kuehn, Brenden W. Rensink, and Alexander L. Baugh, eds., Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 o le faasologa o Talafaamaumau o The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), 129–30; “Essay on Sources Cited in Histories, Volume 1,” josephsmithpapers.org.

5. “Prospectus for the Second Volume of the Times and Seasons,” Times and Seasons, vol. 1, no. 12 (Oct. 1840), 191–92; “Mormon Publications: 19th and 20th Centuries,” Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, lib.byu.edu I se faaaliga ia Ianuari 1842, sa faia ai e Iosefa Samita le matagaluega faafaatonu o le Korama a le Toasefululua e vaaia le Times and Seasons (tagai Joseph Smith, Journal, Jan. 28, 1842, December 1841–December 1842, 67, josephsmithpapers.org). Ia Novema 1842, sa lei toe taliaina ai e Iosefa Samita nisi tiutetauave faafaatonu ma tofia ai Ioane Teila e suitulaga ia te ia. Iosefa Samita, “Valedictory,” Times and Seasons, vol. 4, no. 1 (Nov. 15, 1842), 8.

6. Doyle L. Green, “The Church and Its Magazines,” Ensign, Jan. 1971, 14–15. O uluai lomiga o le tele o isi saofaga taua i mea tau tusi a le Ekalesia (e aofia ai le Journal of Discourses ma le Penina Tau Tele) sa uluai lolomiina foi i Livapulu, Egelani, i le laumua o le misiona a le Ekalesia. Mo nisi faamatalaga e uiga i le Millennial Star Office, see Richard E. Turley Jr. and William W. Slaughter, How We Got the Doctrine and Covenants (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2012), 71–79, 91–99; V. Ben Bloxham, James R. Moss, and Larry C. Porter, eds., Truth Will Prevail: The Rise of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the British Isles, 1837–1987 (Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1987), 160–62.

7. O anomea faavaitau o misiona i le Iunaite Setete sa aofia ai le Prophet, New York Messenger, Seer, and Liahona; other European mission periodicals included Nordstjarnan (Sweden), Der Stern (Germany), and De Ster (Holland). Tagai Sherry Baker, “Mormon Media History Timeline: 1827–2007,” Jan. 1, 2006, scholarsarchive.byu.edu; Brian K. Kelly, “International Magazines,” in Daniel H. Ludlow, ed., Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 4 vols. (New York: MacMillan, 1992), 2:697; Richard D. McClellan, “Periodicals,” in Arnold K. Garr, Donald Q. Cannon, and Richard O. Cowan, eds., Encyclopedia of Latter-day Saint History (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2000), 907–8.

8. Journal History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mar. 31, 1847, 1, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; William I. Appleby journal, July 27, 1847, in Wendell J. Ashton, Voice in the West: Biography of a Pioneer Newspaper (New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, 1950), 3–4, 365–66; Will Bagley, “Birthday News: News Celebrates Sesquicentennial,” Salt Lake Tribune, June 15, 2000, A1.

9. Green, “The Church and Its Magazines,” 15; Carol Cornwall Madsen, Emmeline B. Wells: An Intimate History (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2017), 133–35; Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J. Grow, eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016), xix.

10. Na faamutaina le Young Woman’s Journal i le 1929 ina ua mavae le 40-tausaga na faia ai; o le taimi lea, ua faateleina le aufaitau o le Improvement Eraua aofia ai ma tamaitai talavou e faaopoopo i lana uluai aufaitau o alii talavou. Petrea Kelly, “Young Woman’s Journal,” in Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 4:1615–16; Lisa Olsen Tait, “The Young Woman’s Journal: Gender and Generation in a Mormon Women’s Magazine,” American Periodicals: A Journal of History and Criticism, vol. 22, no. 1 (2012), 51–71.

11. Ina ua uma o le a tauaveina e le aufaatonu aoao o le Aoga Sa le taitaiga o le Juvenile Instructor ma iu ai ina faalauteleina lona aufaitau, sa suia le igoa i le Instructor i le 1930. Green, “The Church and Its Magazines,” 15.

12. Ina ua mavae le 42 tausaga o lolomi ma faasalalau, sa faamutaina le Woman’s Exponent i le 1914. Sa talosagaina e Emmeline B. Wells le aufaatonu aoao o le Aualofa e avea le nusipepa ma ona lomiga aloaia ae sa latou teenaina. Tagai Madsen, Emmeline B. Wells, 459–63.

13. Green, “The Church and Its Magazines,” 15.

14. E oo atu i le 1967, ua tutoatasi ia ofisa o misiona a le Ekalesia e lolomi ia mekasini i le faa-Tenimaka, Take, Finelani, Farani, Siamani, Nouei, Sipaniolo, ma le Suetena. Sa faaitiitia e le galuega faatino a le Unified Magazine ia taumafaiga e le manaomia e ofisa o misiona ma saunia ai anomea ua faamaonia e le Ekalesia mo mekasini faavaomalo. Tagai Kelly, “International Magazines,” 697; McClellan, “Periodicals,” 908–9.