Fanny Alger

Na fanau i le 1816, ia Samuelu ma Clarissa Alger, sa auai ia Fanny Alger ma lona aiga i le Ekalesia i le amataga o le 1830 ma sa faigaluega i le aiga o le Au Samita i Katelani, Ohaio.¹ E toatele le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai sa nonofo i Katelani i le 1830 na lipotia faapea sa faaipoipo atu Fanny Alger ia Iosefa Samita, ma avea ai o ia ma ana uluai ava faaautaunonofo.² Sa faamaonia e lei umi se taimi o le faaipoipoga. Sa tuua e Fanny ma ona matua ia ohaio i le 1836 mo Misuri, peiseai na nonofo i se faletalimalaga o le aiga o Solomona Custer i Dublin, Indiana.³ Sa na o ni nai masina, ae faaipoipo Fanny ma Solomona.⁴ Sa nofo ai o ia i Dublin ina ua faaauau atu ona matua i Fa Uesi, Misuri. Sa mulumuli le aiga o Fanny i le vaega autu o le Au Paia mai Misuri i Ilinoi ma faaiu ai i Iuta i saute. Ina ua maliu le tama o Fanny, o se peteriaka i le vaitau o le 1870, sa faamatalatala i le tala otooto o lona soifua le faamaoni o lona aiga.⁵

E toaiva le fanau a Fanny ma Solomona, ae na o le toalua na umi ona soifua nai lo Fanny. Sa faia se faleoloa o le au Custers i Dublin ma sa fai sea i se ililaupapa latalata ane i Lewisville.⁶ Sa sii atu le aiga i Lewisville i se taimi faigata tautupe, ma sa taumafai Solomona e faatau atu le ililaupapa ae sa iu ina tautino atu ua gau.⁷ Sa toe foi Fanny ma Solomona i Dublin, lea sa nonofo ai seia oo ina maliu Solomona i le 1885.⁸

Sa lolotu ia Fanny ma Solomona i le Ekalesia Taatele i le lotoifale lea sa fesoaoani le tama o Solomona e faatu. I nai ona tausaga mulimuli, sa amata ona naunau Fanny i le talitonuga i agaga.⁹ Ina ua mavae le maliu o Solomona, sa sii atu Fanny i Inidianapolis e nofo ai i lana tama tama o Lafayette. Sa maliu o ia i le 1889 ma sa teuina i Dublin i autafa o Solomona i se vaega eleele sa ia [Solomona] faato’aina a o tamaitiiti.¹⁰

Faiā ia Iosefa Samita

E laitiiti lava se mea o iloa e uiga i le faaipoipoga a Iosefa Samita ma Fanny Alger. O puna o faamatalaga sa muai alia’e mai ina ua mavae le gasu o le soloia o le Sosaiete mo le Saogalemu o Katelani i le 1837. Sa faasalalauina e le au faisea i le sosaiete sa feitai ma fili i le lotoifale ni fafatala feaveai e osofaia ai Iosefa, e aofia ai ma tuuaiga faapea ua mulilua o ia. O nisi o fafatala feaveai e faapea sa amataina e Oliva Kaotui, o le ua amata ona vaivai la la’ua sootaga vavalalata sa i ai ma Iosefa ona o ni mataupu eseese. Sa fai mai nisi o Oliva na faalogo o ta’uta’u atu faiā o le toe faaipoipo atu ia Fanny.¹¹ I le tautoulu o le 1837, sa talanoa atu ai Iosefa Samita ia Kaotui e uiga i le fafatala feaveai i se fonotaga sa auai pe a ma le toatolu isi. I lena fonotaga, sa faafitia ai e Kaotui le fafatala feaveai faapea na ta’uta’u atu e Iosefa ia te ia.¹² O Aperila na sosoo ai, ina ua faia le fono aoai o Kaotui i Misuri mo lona avea ai ma tagata o le Ekalesia, i le tele o moliaga, sa talanoaina e le aufono maualuga ia fafatala feaveai sa faasalalauina e Kaotui. Sa tuuina atu e Iosefa se faamalamalamaga o la la’ua sootaga ma Fanny lea na foliga mai sa faamalieina ai le aufono maualuga.¹³ Sa tape le igoa o Kaotui i le taimi o le fonotaga lea.

Ana leai le faamaoniga o se asiasiga i le amataga o le vaitau o le 1840 i lona aiga o nisi o le paranesi o le Ekalesia i Lima, Ilinoi, a ua le toe i ai lava le igoa o Fanny i faamaumauga a le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai mo le toetoe atoa le 30 tausaga.¹⁴ I le faaiuga o le seneturi 19, o ni nai faamatalaga a le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai ma tagata sa auai i le Ekalesia muamua na ta’u mai ai faapea o le sootaga a Iosefa Samita ma Fanny Alger o se faaipoipoga faaautaunonofo na vave ona fai.¹⁵ O Eliza R. Snow, o se tasi o le autaunonofo a Iosefa Samita, sa na ia faaaofia ai Fanny i se lisi o ana ava.¹⁶ Na faapena foi ona faamatalaina e Mosaea Hancock i le 1896 ma Peniamina F. Johnson i le 1903, le sootaga a Fanny ma Iosefa o se faaipoipoga faaautaunonofo na tausisia le le faalauaiteleina. Sa faamatala e Hancock se faamauga o se faaipoipoga e lei faalauaiteleina na faia e le tama o Hancock i Katelani. E tusa ai ma le tala a Johnson, sa fesiligia Fanny e uiga i la la’ua sootaga ma Iosefa, ae sa musu e talanoa tele i le mataupu.¹⁷

E ui e laitiiti se mea o tatou iloa e uiga i le folasaga ma le amataga o le tu o faaipoipoga faaautaunonofo, e faamamalu e le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai le faatuatua o uluai tagata o le Ekalesia o e sa ositaulaga ina ia usitaia le poloaiga faigata.

Punaoa o le Ekalesia

“Plural Marriage in Kirtland and Nauvoo,” Gospel Topics Essays, topics.lds.org

“Letter from Thomas B. Marsh, 15 February 1838,” Historical Introduction, in Mark Ashurst-McGee, David W. Grua, Elizabeth Kuehn, Alexander L. Baugh, and Brenden W. Rensink, eds., Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), 10–17.

Faamatalaga

1. Brian C. Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy, 3 vols. (Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2013), 1:103–4. O nisi o lipoti mulimuli ane sa faaigoaina o ia o “Francis” po o “Francis Ward,” ae sa tumau le le faamaonia o na lipoti i uluai faamaumauga. O punavai mai lava i tagata tonu sa faaaoga na o “Fanny” po o “Fanny W.” Mo se faataitaiga, o le tala otooto o lona soifua ma le maaulu tuugamau o loo faasino ia te ia o “Fanny W.Custer.” (“Dublin Items,” Cambridge City Tribune, vol. 25, no. 34 [Dec. 5, 1889], 2; [Mary Clarissa Custer], Solomon Custer, and Fanny W Custer, headstone, South Lawn Cemetery, Dublin, Wayne County, Indiana.)

2. E leai se fanau a Iosefa Samita ma Fanny Alger. E i ai se tagata e le o iloa le igoa sa fai mai e tupuga mai i se atalii faapea o se atalii o Fanny a Iosefa e igoa ia Orrison (atonu o Orson) Samita Custer, ae i le suega o le DNA na soloia ai le faapea o Iosefa Samita o le tuaa o lea tagata. E leai nisi faamaumauga o ta’u mai ai le i ai o se Orrison Samita Custer i le Iunaite Setete i le taimi o le soifua mai o Fanny. (Ugo A. Perego, Natalie M. Myres, and Scott R. Woodward, “Reconstructing the Y-Chromosome of Joseph Smith: Genealogical Applications,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 31, no. 2 (Tautoulu 2005], 42–60.)

3. Samuel Huddleston, “‘Old Wayne,’ and Her Pioneers,” Evening Item [Richmond, Indiana], vol. 7, no. 57 (Mar. 8, 1883), 3.

4. Marriage Record, Indiana Marriages, 1811–2007, FamilySearch.org

5. Samuel Alger Sr., Obituary, in Deseret Evening News, vol. 7, no. 268 (Oct. 6, 1874), 3.

6. Andrew W. Young, History of Wayne County, Indiana, From Its First Settlement to the Present Time; With Numerous Biographical and Family Sketches (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke, 1872), 265–66.

7. “Faatau Atu po o le Faafesuiai!” New Castle Courier, vol. 31, no. 36 (Sept. 8, 1871), 2; New Castle Mercury, vol. 13 (Jan. 12, 1878), 3; “In Bankruptcy: In the District Court of the United States, for the District of Indiana, In the Matter of Solomon F. Custer,” Indianapolis Journal, Mar. 20, 1878, 7.

8. Solomon Custer, in Tenth Census of the United States, 1880.

9. O le talitonuga i agaga o se mau lauiloa i lea taimi ma sa talitonu e na mulimuli ai e mafai ona fesootai tagata ola ma le lalolagi o agaga. Sa tusia e Fanny lava ia le tele o na fesootaiga e aofia ai le tala sa sau i se nusipepa a le nuu. “Local Matters,” Hagerstown Exponent, vol. 7, no. 9 (Aug. 2, 1882), 3. Tagai foi “Dublin Items,” Cambridge City Tribune, vol. 25, no. 34 (Dec. 5, 1889), 2.

10. Indiana Death Index, 1882–1920, FamilySearch.org; R. L. Polk & Co.’s Indianapolis City Directory for 1887 (Indianapolis: R. L. Polk, 1887), 250; “Dublin Items,” Cambridge City Tribune, 1889, 2; [Mary Clarissa Custer], Solomon Custer, and Fanny W Custer, headstone, South Lawn Cemetery; “Dublin News,” Cambridge City Tribune, vol. 20, no. 50 (Apr. 2, 1885), 2.

11. High Council minutes, Apr. 12, 1838, in Minute Book 2, 122–23, josephsmithpapers.org

12. Joseph Smith, “History, 1838–1856, vol. B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” 775, josephsmithpapers.org; Oliver Cowdery letter to Warren A. Cowdery, Jan. 21, 1838, Oliver Cowdery Letterbook, 1833–1838, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California; Thomas B. Marsh, “Letter from Thomas B. Marsh, 15 February 1838,” in Elder’s Journal, July 1838, 45–46, josephsmithpapers.org; Oliver Cowdery letter to Joseph Smith, Jan. 21, 1838, Oliver Cowdery Letterbook, 1833–1838, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

13. O minute o le fonotaga e le o ta’u tonu mai ai le tala a Iosefa i le aufono maualuga. Tagai minute aufono maualuga, Apr. 1838, in Minute Book 2, 118–26.

14. James C. Snow record book, 1840–1851, 6–7, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; tagai foi Brian C. Hales, “Historical Accounts Referring to a Relationship between Joseph Smith and Fanny Alger,” table 4.1, in Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy, 1:94–95.

15. Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy, 2:372–78

16. Hales, Joseph Smith’s Polygamy, 1:111–16.

17. Mosiah Hancock, Reminiscence, 1896, in Levi Hancock, “Autobiography of Levi Ward Hancock, circa 1896” (part three, June 6, 1986), 63–64, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Benjamin F. Johnson letter to George F. Gibbs, April–October 1903, 26–27, Church History Library, Salt Lake City. Sa faalagolago uma Hancock, o le sa faatoa lua tausaga le matua ina ua tuua e Fanny ia Katelani i le 1836, faapea foi ma Johnson i faamatalaga mai le lona lua o tagata po o punavai mo a la’ua talatusia (Hancock, Reminiscence, 1896, 62; Johnson letter to George F. Gibbs, 26).