Fasiotiga Tele i le Ili Laupapa a Hawn

O Iakopo Hawn (o nisi taimi e sipela “Haun”) o se tasi o nofoaga na nofoia muamua i autafa o le Vai o Shoal i Musuri matusisifo. Na ia fausia se ili laupapa ma taua o le nofoaga o le Ili Laupapa a Hawn; sa o se aso le savaliga mai le nofoaga autu tele o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai i Fa Uesi. O Hawn sa le o se tagata o le Ekalesia, ae sa faauo o ia ma le vaega o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai na nonofo latalata i lana ili laupapa i le faaiuga o tausaga o le 1830.

I le aso 30 o Oketopa, 1838, o se vaega o le vevesi ua faateleina lea na tutuliese ai uluai Au Paia i fafo o le setete o Misuri, na osofaia ai e se vaega o tamaloloa fiatotoa o le autau le Au Paia i le Ili Laupapa a Hawn.¹ Ao lalafi fafine ma le tele o tamaiti mai lea nofoaga i le togavao, na sailia e se vaega o tamaloloa ma tama o le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai se lafitaga i le fale gaosi uamea. Na siomia e le auosofai le faleoloa ma tafana faasoloatoa atu i va o laau puipui e le gatasi, ma fasiotia ai i latou na i totonu o le faleoloa ma i latou na taumafai e siilima. I le mavae ai o le uluai osofaiga, na latou tatoso i fafo ni nai tama talavou na lalafi i lalo o alaea o le fale gaosi uamea ma tafana i latou e pei o ni pagota. E toa sefulufitu le Au Paia o Aso e Gata Ai na fasiotia ma le isi 12 15 na manunua.

Ata tusi o le Fasiotiga Tele i le Ili Laupapa a Hawn

O tala o le faalavelave matautia na faia se matafaioi iloga i mafaufau o le Au Paia i o latou aafiaga i Misuri. O se tasi o tala e tautaua na tusia e Amanda Barnes Smith, lea na fasiotia ai lana tane ma lana tama tama e 10-tausaga i le Ili Laupapa a Hawn ao malolo ai le aiga ao malaga mai Ohaio i nofoaga fou e faapotopoto ai le Au Paia i Misuri. Na tatalo Amanda mo le taitaiga ma mauaina se faaaliga patino ao ia togafitia lana tama tama na manua tuga e 7-tausaga le matua.²

Ona o le osofaiga na tupu i le tolu aso talu ona tuuina atu e kovana Lilburn Boggs lana poloaiga ia faaumatia, lea na faatagaina taumafaiga a le militeli e tutuliese le Au Paia mai le setete, e toatele na faapea o le poloaiga na taitaia le fasiotiga tele. O ni faamaoniga na maua ai e faapea o le au osofai e lei iloaina le poloaiga, ma o le fasiotiga tele o se faatinoga a le autau le aloaia, atonu o se taui ma sui mo osofaiga a Mamona i le Itumalo o Daviess.³

Ae lei tupu le vevesi, na fautuaina e Iosefa Samita le Au Paia i nofoaga maotua e pei o le Ili Laupapa a Hawn e faapotopoto i Fa Uesi.⁴ I ni nai tausaga mulimuli ane i Navu, na ia mafaufau ai pe mata e le tupu le fasiotiga tele pe ana mulimuli le Au Paia i le Ili Laupapa a Hawn i lana fautuaga.⁵ E faigata ona faapea pe ana mafai e le osofaiga o le Au Paia i le Ili Laupapa a Hawn ona aloese ai mai le vevesi. O i latou faatoa taunuu mai Ohaio na osofaia lava ma aveesea auupega e tagata o le aufaatupu faalavelave i luga o le ala.⁶ Atonu e leai lava se avanoa saogalemu e oo atu ai i le nofoaga e faapotopoto ai i Fa Uesi.

Punaoa o le Ekalesia

“Hawn’s Mill Site, Missouri,” Historic Sites, history.lds.org.

“Blessings amidst Tragedy,” Museum Treasures series, Mar. 11, 2015, history.lds.org.

“Peace and Violence among 19th-Century Latter-day Saints,” Gospel Topics Essays, topics.lds.org.

Introduction to “Part 3: 4 November 1838–16 April 1839,” i le Mark Ashurst-McGee, David W. Grua, Elizabeth A. Kuehn, Brenden W. Rensink, and Alexander L. Baugh, eds., Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), 265–78.

“New Insights and Interpretations of Hawn’s Mill Massacre,” Church News, Nov. 14, 2013, news.lds.org.

Talaaga o le Soifuaga

O lomiga nei ua tuuina atu ai nisi faamatalaga e uiga i lenei autu. I le faasinoina po o le fesootaia o oe i nei punaoa, matou te le faamaonia pe faamautinoa atu le anomea po o manatu o tusitala.

Alexander L. Baugh, “Jacob Hawn and the Hawn’s Mill Massacre: Missouri Millwright and Oregon Pioneer,” Mormon Historical Studies, vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 2010), 1-25.

Alexander L. Baugh, A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri (Provo, Utah: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History and BYU Studies, 2000), 115–34.

Autu Fesootai: Mormon-Missouri War of 1838 [Tau a Mamona-Misuri o le 1838], Amanda Barnes Smith, Extermination Order [Poloaiga ia faaumatia]

Faamatalaga

1. Tagai Autu: Mormon-Missouri War of 1838 [Taua a Mamona-Misuri o le 1838].

2. Tagai Autu: Amanda Barnes Smith.

3. Alexander L. Baugh, A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri (Provo, Utah: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History and BYU Studies, 2000), 127; “Historical Introduction to Part 3: 4 November 1838 to 16 April 1839,” i le Mark Ashurst-McGee, David W. Grua, Elizabeth A. Kuehn, Brenden W. Rensink, and Alexander L. Baugh, eds., Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), 265–269.

4. Albert P Rockwood journal, Oct. 23, 1838, i le “Journal excerpts, 1838 October 6–November 19,” 12, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

5. Joseph Smith, “Journal, December 1841–December 1842,” 183, josephsmithpapers.org.

6. Tagai Amanda Barnes Smith, “An account of the Haun’s Mill Massacre,” typescript, 3–4, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.