Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Liliu ʻo e Tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé

“Liliu ʻo e Tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí

“Liliu ʻo e Tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé”

Liliu ʻo e Tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé

ʻOku tali ʻe he Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻa e tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé ko ha folofola. Ko e tohí ni ko ha lekooti ʻo e palōfita mo e pēteliake ko ʻĒpalahamé, ‘oku muimui hano konga lahi ʻi he fakamatala fakatohitapú ka ʻoku tānaki ki ai ha fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e moʻui mo e ngaahi akonaki ʻa ʻĒpalahamé.

laʻi tā ʻo e konga ʻo e takainga tohí

Naʻe ʻia Siosefa Sāmita e konga ʻo e takainga tohí, ʻa ia ʻoku hoko he taimí ni ko e Tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé, Tatau Moʻoni 1.

Naʻe maʻu e tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé mei ha ngaahi meʻa fakahisitōlia makehe ne hoko. ʻI he faʻahitaʻu māfana ʻo e 1835, naʻe tūʻuta ʻi he hetikuota ʻo e Siasí ʻi Ketilani, ʻOhaioó ha tangata pule pisinisi ko Maikolo Sanitela, mo ha kau pekia ʻIsipite ʻe toko fā ne fakatolonga mo ha ʻū takainga tohi.1 Naʻe fakatau ʻe ha kulupu ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻi Ketilaní ʻa e ʻū koloa fakakuongamuʻá maʻá e Siasí. Hili hono sivisiviʻi ʻe Siosefa Sāmita e ʻū takainga tohí pea kamata “liliu ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi mataʻitohi fakatātaá,” ʻoku pehē ʻi hono hisitōliá, “pea ne mau fiefia lahi ʻi he ʻiloʻi naʻe ʻi he taha ʻo e ngaahi takainga tohí ʻa e tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé.”2

Naʻe kamata ngāue ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki hono liliu e tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé lolotonga e faʻahitaʻu māfaná pea ʻi he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1835, kuó ne ʻosiki ai ʻa e vahe ʻuluakí mo ha konga ʻo e vahe uá.3 ʻOku hoko atu leva e talanoa ʻi heʻene tohinoá ki hono liliu ʻo e takainga tohí ʻi he faʻahitaʻu failau ʻo e 1842, hili ia ʻa e toe hiki e Kāingalotú ki Nāvū, ʻIlinoisí. Naʻe pulusi kotoa e ngaahi vahe ʻe nima ʻo e tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé, fakataha mo e ngaahi fakatātā ʻe tolu (ʻoku ʻiloa he taimí ni ko e tatau moʻoni 1, 2, mo e 3), ʻi he Times and Seasons, ko e nusipepa ʻa e Siasí ʻi Nāvuú, ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo Māʻasi mo Mē ʻo e 1842.4

ʻOku fokotuʻu mai ʻe ha ngaahi fakamoʻoni ʻe niʻihi naʻe ako ʻe Siosefa e ngaahi mataʻitohi ʻi he ʻū takainga tohí pea feinga ke ako e lea faka-ʻIsipité. ʻOku pehē ʻe hono hisitōliá, ʻi Siulai ʻo e 1835 naʻe “hokohoko atu ʻene liliu ha hokohoko fakamotuʻalea ʻo e Tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé mo fokotuʻutuʻu ha kalama ʻo e lea faka-ʻIsipité ʻo hangē ko hono ako ʻe he kakai ʻo e kuonga muʻá.”5 Naʻe kau ʻi he “kalama” ko ʻení, hangē ko hono uí, ha ngaahi kōlomu ʻo ha ngaahi mataʻitohi fakatātā pea hoko atu ai ha ngaahi liliu ʻi he lea faka-Pilitāniá, ʻa ia naʻe lekooti ʻe he tangata tohi ʻa Siosefa ko Uiliami W. Felipisí ʻi ha fuʻu tohi lahi. ʻOku ʻi ai mo ha lauʻi peesi kehe, naʻe hiki ʻe Siosefa Sāmita mo ʻŌliva Kautele, ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi mataʻitohi faka-ʻIsipite mo hono ngaahi fakamatala.6 ʻOku ʻikai fuʻu mahino ʻa e fehokotaki ʻo e ngaahi fakamatala ko ʻení ki he tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé.

Hili e mavahe ʻa e Kāingalotú mei Nāvuú, naʻe ʻikai ʻave ai ʻa e ʻū koloa faka-ʻIsipité. Naʻe fakatau atu ʻe he fāmili ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá ʻa e ʻū takainga tohí mo e kau pekia ne fakatolongá ʻi he 1856. ʻOku tui e kau faihisitōliá naʻe fakaʻauha ha konga lahi ʻo e ʻū takainga tohí ʻi he Vela Lahi ʻi Sikākō he 1871. Ne iku ha ngaahi konga tohi ʻe hongofulu ʻa ia naʻe ʻia Siosefa Sāmitá ki he Metropolitan Museum of Art ʻi Niu ʻIoke Sití.7 ʻI he 1967, naʻe ʻave ʻe he musiumé e ngaahi konga tohi ko ʻení ki he Siasí.8 Naʻe loto-taha e kakai Siasi mo taʻe-Siasi ne nau ako fekauʻaki mo ʻIsipité, ʻoku ʻikai tatau e ngaahi mataʻitohi ʻi he ngaahi konga tohí mo e liliu ne fai ʻi he tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé, neongo ʻoku ʻikai ha loto-taha, naʻa mo e kau mataotao fakaʻatamai taʻe-siasí, ki he fakaʻuhinga totonu ʻo e ngaahi fakatātaá ʻi he ngaahi konga tohi ko ʻení.9

ʻOku teʻeki fakamatalaʻi mai ʻe he ʻEikí pe ko Siosefa Sāmita ʻa e founga hono liliu e tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he ngaahi lekōtí naʻe ako ʻe Siosefa mo e niʻihi kehé ʻa e ʻū takainga tohí pea ʻoku tui ʻa kinautolu ne ngāue vāofi mo iá ne fakahoko ʻa e liliú ʻi he fakahā. Naʻe pehē ʻe Sione Uitemā, “Naʻe mamata ʻa Siosefa ko e Tangata Kikité ki he [Ngaahi] Lekōtí pea fakafou ʻi he fakahā ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí naʻe lava ai ke liliu e ngaahi lekōtí.”10

ʻE taʻeʻaonga ha feinga ke siviʻi ʻa e malava ʻa Siosefa ke liliu ʻa e ʻū takainga tohí, lolotonga iá ʻoku tau maʻu pē ha kiʻi konga ʻo e ʻū takainga tohi naʻá ne maʻú. Ne talanoa e kau fakamoʻoni mātātonú “ki ha takainga tohi lōloa” pe ko ha ʻū “takainga tohi” lahi.11 Koeʻuhí ko ha konga pē ʻoku kei maʻú, ʻoku ngalingali ne ʻikai kau ʻi he ngaahi konga tohi ko ʻení ʻa e takainga tohi naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa ʻi he taimi naʻá ne liliu ai e Tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé.

Mahalo ne iku hono ako ʻe Siosefa e takainga tohí ke ne maʻu ai ha fakahā fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi meʻa tefito mo e ngaahi akonaki ʻi he moʻui ʻa ʻĒpalahamé, ʻo hangē tofu pē ko ʻene maʻu fakahā kimuʻa ki he moʻui ʻa Mōsesé lolotonga ʻene ako e Tohitapú. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he fakakaukau ko ʻení ha fakaʻuhinga lahi ange ki he ongo foʻi lea tokotaha liliu mo e liliu.12 Fakatatau ki he fakakaukau ko ʻení, ne ʻikai hoko e liliu ʻa Siosefá ko ha liliu moʻoni ʻo e ʻū takainga tohí, ʻo hangē ko e liliu angamahení. Ka, naʻe ʻomi ʻe he ʻū koloa fakakuongamuʻá ha makatuʻunga ʻo e fakalaulaulotó, fakakaukaú, mo e fakahaá. Ne nau fakahoko ha ngāue ʻa ia naʻe foaki ai ʻe he ʻOtuá kia Siosefa ha fakahā fekauʻaki mo e moʻui ʻa ʻĒpalahamé, neongo kapau ne ʻikai fenāpasi e fakahā ko iá mo e ngaahi mataʻitohi ʻi he takainga tohí.13

He ʻikai lava ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e moʻoni pea mo e mahuʻinga ʻo e tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé ʻi ha tipeiti fakaako fekauʻaki mo hono liliu ʻo e tohí. ʻOku tuʻu e tuʻunga ʻo e tohí ʻi heʻene hoko ko e folofolá ʻi he ngaahi moʻoni taʻengata ʻokú ne akoʻí pea mo e laumālie mālohi ʻokú ne ʻomí. ʻOku toki maʻu e moʻoni ʻo e tohi ʻa ʻĒpalahamé ʻi hono ako fakalelei hono ngaahi akonakí pea ʻi he lotu fakamātoato pea mo e fakapapau ʻa e Laumālié.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Liliu ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻo e Tohi Tapú, Liliu ʻo e Tohi ʻa Molomoná

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

  1. Joseph Smith, “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” 596, josephsmithpapers.org.

  2. Joseph Smith, “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” 596.

  3. Brian M. Hauglid, A Textual History of the Book of Abraham: Manuscripts and Editions (Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, 2010), 6, 84, 110.

  4. Joseph Smith journal, Mar. 8–9, 1842, in Journal, December 1841–December 1842, 89, josephsmithpapers.org; “A Fac-Simile from the Book of Abraham” mo e “A Translation,” Times and Seasons, Mar. 1, 1842, 703–6, josephsmithpapers.org; “The Book of Abraham,” Times and Seasons, Mar. 15, 1842, 719–22, josephsmithpapers.org; mo e “A Fac-Simile from the Book of Abraham” mo e “Explanation of Cut on First Page,” Times and Seasons, May 16, 1842, 783–84.

  5. Joseph Smith, “History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838],” 597.

  6. ʻE lava ke maʻu e lekooti mo e ngaahi ʻata fakaʻilekitulonika ʻo e ʻū lauʻi peesi ne liliu ko ʻení, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻiloa ko e “Kirtland Egyptian Papers,” ʻi he “Book of Abraham and Egyptian Material,” josephsmithpapers.org.

  7. John Gee, A Guide to the Joseph Smith Papyri (Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 2000), 2. ʻOku ʻiloa e ngaahi konga tohí ko ha konga ʻo e ʻū takainga tohi naʻe maʻu ʻe he Siasí koeʻuhí ne hiki kinautolu ʻi ha pepa fakataha mo e ngaahi lekooti ʻa e Siasí ʻi he kuonga muʻá, ʻa ia ʻoku fakatatau ki he ngaahi fakamatala ki he fōtunga ʻo e ʻū takainga tohí.

  8. Jay M. Todd, “New Light on Joseph Smith’s Egyptian Papyri,” Improvement Era, Feb. 1968, 40–41. Naʻe maʻu mo ha konga tohi ʻe taha ʻi he ʻŌfisi Faihisitōlia ʻa e Siasí, meimei ki he taimi tatau mo e ʻilo ʻa e kau Metropolitan, ʻo maʻu ai ko ha ngaahi konga ʻe 11 fakakātoa .

  9. Kerry Muhlestein, “Egyptian Papyri and the Book of Abraham: A Faithful, Egyptological Point of View,” and Brian M. Hauglid, “Thoughts on the Book of Abraham,” both in Robert L. Millet, ed., No Weapon Shall Prosper: New Light on Sensitive Issues (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2011), 217–58. Ki he ʻikai ha loto-taha ʻi he haʻohaʻonga ʻo e Kau Ako Fekauʻaki mo ʻIsipité, hangē ko ʻení, vakai ki he, John Gee, “A Method for Studying the Facsimiles,” FARMS Review, vol. 19, no. 1 (2007), 348–51, mo Hugh Nibley, The Message of the Joseph Smith Papyri: An Egyptian Endowment, 2nd ed. (Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 2005), 51–53. Ki ha liliu mo ha fakamatala ki he ngaahi konga tohí, vakai ki he Michael D. Rohodes, Books of the Dead Belonging to Tschemmin and Neferirnub: A Translation and Commentary (Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute, 2010); Michael D. Rhodes, The Hor Book of Breathings: A Translation and Commentary (Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 2002); mo e Nibley, Message of the Joseph Smith Papyri, 34–50.

  10. “John Whitmer, History, 1831–ca 1837,” 76, josephsmithpapers.org.

  11. Hauglid, Textual History of the Book of Abraham, 213–14, 222.

  12. Richard Lyman Bushman, “Joseph Smith as Translator,” ʻi he Believing History: Latter-day Saint Essays, fakaleleiʻi ʻe Reid L. Neilson mo Jed Woodworth (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), 233–47; Nibley, Message of the Joseph Smith Papyri, 51–59.

  13. ʻI he talanoa fakatātaá, ʻoku hoko ʻa e Tohi Tapú ko ha kamataʻanga ʻo e ngaahi fakahā ʻa Siosefa Sāmita fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi angafai ʻa e ʻOtuá mo ʻEne kakai fuakava ʻi he kuonga muʻá. Hangē ko ʻení, naʻe hoko hono ako ʻe Siosefa e tohi ʻa Sēnesí, ke tupu ai e ngaahi fakahā fekauʻaki mo e moʻui mo e ngaahi akonaki ʻa ʻĀtama, ʻIvi, Mōsese mo ʻInoké, ʻa ia ʻoku maʻu he ʻahó ni ʻi he tohi ʻa Mōsesé.