Meʻafoaki ʻo e Lea ʻi he Ngaahi Lea Kehekehe

Naʻe hā ʻa e meʻafoaki ʻo e lea ʻi he ngaahi lea kehekehé ʻi he ngaahi fakahā kia Siosefa Sāmitá ko ha taha ʻo e ngaahi meʻafoaki ʻo e Laumālié ʻoku muimui ʻiate kinautolu ʻoku nau tui kia Sīsū Kalaisí.¹ Naʻe aʻusia ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi he kuonga muʻá ʻa e meʻafoakí ni ʻi ha founga ʻe ua. Ko e ʻuluakí, ko e lea pe hiva ʻi ha lea fakafonua ʻoku ʻikai ʻiloʻi, ʻoku faʻa ui ia ko e glossolalia. Naʻe mahino ko e kamataʻanga ʻo e founga lea fakalaumālie ko ʻení mei he taimi ʻo Paulá pea naʻe faʻa muimui ai hano liliu fakalaumālie ʻo e leá.² Ko e founga hono ua naʻe aʻusia ai ʻe he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻa e meʻafoaki ʻo e lea ʻi he ngaahi lea kehekehé, ko hono malangaʻi ʻo e ongoongoleleí ʻi ha lea fakafonua naʻe ʻikai ʻiloʻi ʻe he taha naʻá ne fai e leá kae ʻiloʻi ia ʻe heʻene kau fanongó. ʻOku ʻiloa ʻeni ko e xenoglossia, pea naʻe fakahaaʻi ia ʻi he ʻaho ʻo e Penitekosí ʻi he hoko ʻa e mana ʻo e lea ʻa e kau ākonga ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí ʻi ha ngaahi lea muli kehekehe, pea ʻave ai ʻa e ongoongoleleí ki he Kau Senitailé.³

ʻI ha fakataha he 1835, naʻe maʻu ʻe ʻIlisapesi ʻAna Uitenī ha tāpuaki mei he pēteliake ʻo e Siasí ko Siosefa Sāmita ko e Lahí., ʻa ia naʻe talaʻofa ange ʻa e “meʻafoaki ʻo e hiva fakalaumālié.” Lolotonga e fakatahá, naʻe tuʻu ʻa Uitenī ʻo ne kamata hiva ʻi ha lea fakafonua naʻe ʻikai ʻiloʻi. ʻI hono fakafonu ia ʻe he Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní, naʻe liliu ʻe Paʻale P. Pālati ʻene hivá maʻá e kau fanongó. Naʻe kamata ʻa e hivá ʻo pehē, “ʻI he kuonga muʻá naʻe nofo ai ha tangata, ʻI ha ngoue fakalata, Ne matala ai e ngaahi matalaʻiʻakau taʻe-faʻa-mate mo fakaʻofoʻofa, Pea manongi mo ʻalaha; Vakai, ko hono hingoá ko ʻĀtama.” Naʻe tui ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ko e Lahí naʻe hiva ʻa Uitenī ʻi he lea haohaoa ʻo e langí.⁴ Ne hoko e kolosolaliá, hangē ko e hiva ʻa Uitenií, ʻi he ngaahi fuofua fakatahaʻanga lotu ʻi ʻAmeliká pea neongo naʻe ʻikai faʻa tali ia ʻe ha kau Kalisitiane tokolahi,⁵ ka naʻe tali lelei ia ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, ʻa ia naʻa nau tui naʻe hoko hono fakamahuʻingaʻi ʻo e ngaahi meʻafoaki fakalaumālié ko ha konga mahuʻinga ʻo hono Fakafoki Mai ʻo e ongoongoleleí. Naʻe fakakaukau ʻa PIlikihami ʻIongi ko e lea ʻi he ngaahi lea kehekehé ko ha aʻusia fakalaumālie “fakafiefia” pea ko ha konga mahuʻinga ia ʻo hono fakauluí.⁶

Naʻe hoko ha ngaahi fetaʻemahinoʻaki ʻi he Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui ní ʻi Ketilani, fekauʻaki mo e moʻoni ʻo ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi fakahā fakalaumālié, ke fekumi ai ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki ha fakahā ʻi he kaveinga ko iá.⁷ Naʻe tali ʻe he ʻEikí neongo kuo hoko ha ngaahi fakaʻaliʻali fakalaumālie loi ʻi he Siasí, ka ʻe lava ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui ní ʻo ʻilo ʻa e ngaahi fakahā loí mei he moʻoní, ʻo kau ai ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi kolosolaliá, ʻo kapau te nau muimui ʻi he Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní mo e ngaahi sīpinga kuo fokotuʻu ʻe he ʻEikí.⁸ Naʻe fakatokanga ʻa Siosefa ki he Kāingalotú kimui ange ʻe lava ʻa Sētane ʻo kākaaʻi e lea ʻi he ngaahi lea kehekehé pea he ʻikai teitei fakahā ʻe he ʻEikí ha tokāteline ʻo e Siasí ʻi he foungá ni.⁹ Naʻá Ne toe fakamahino ʻo pehē, “Naʻe foaki e ngaahi lea kehekehé ko e taumuʻa ke malanga kiate kinautolu ʻoku ʻikai mahino ʻenau leá,” mo tānaki atu ko ha taha pē “ʻokú ne maʻu e Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní te ne lava ʻo lea ʻaki e ngaahi meʻa ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi heʻene lea fakafonua ʻaʻaná, pea ʻi ha lea kehe.”¹⁰ Naʻe hokohoko atu e hoko ʻa e kolosalaliá ko ha konga mahuʻinga ʻo e moihū ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui ní ʻi he toenga ʻo e senituli 19, neongo naʻe fakaʻau ʻo hōloa ʻi he taʻau ʻo e taimí pea faifai ʻo puli ʻaupito ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo e senituli 20.

Ne tali ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻa e meʻafoaki fakalaumālie ʻo e lea ʻi he ngaahi lea mulí ko ha tokoni ki he mafola ʻa e ongoongoleleí. Naʻe talaʻofa e meʻafoakí ni ki he kau faifekaú ʻe he ngaahi fakahā ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá, pea lipooti ʻe ha niʻihi ʻenau ngaahi aʻusia fakaofo ʻi hono malanga ʻaki e ongoongoleleí ʻi ha ngaahi lea ne ʻikai angamaheni. ʻI heʻene hoko ko ha faifekau taʻu 23 ʻi Hauaiʻi ʻi he 1850, naʻe ngāue mālohi ʻa Siaosi Q. Kēnoni ke ne lava ʻo ako e lea faka-Hauaiʻí koeʻuhí ke ne lava ʻo malanga, mo maʻu e “tui ʻi he ʻao ʻo e ʻEikí ke maʻu e meʻafoaki ʻo e leá mo mahino e leá.” Naʻá ne manatu ki ha efiafi ʻe taha lolotonga ʻene akoʻí, naʻá ne “ongoʻi ha ongo makehe ʻi hoku telingá” pea “mei he taimi ko iá ʻo fai atu naʻe siʻisiʻi pē, ʻo ka ne ʻi ai, ha faingataʻa ke mahino e lea ʻa e kakaí.” Naʻe lotosiʻi ʻa Hailame Seniseni, ko ha faifekau foʻou ʻi Noaue ʻi he 1890, ʻi hono manukiʻi ia ʻe he kakaí he ʻikai ke ne lava ʻo lea ʻi heʻenau lea fakafonuá. Naʻá ne tuʻu ʻi ha kiʻi vao ʻakau mo lotu ke foaki kiate ia ʻe he ʻEikí ʻa e meʻafoaki ʻo e ngaahi lea kehekehé. Naʻe fakamoʻoni ʻa Seniseni mei he ʻaho ko iá, “naʻá ku lea faka-Noaue ʻo faingofua ange ʻi haʻaku toe lea faka-Pilitānia.”¹¹

ʻI he fakaʻau ke lahi ange ʻa e ngāue fakafaifekaú lolotonga e konga kimui ʻo e senituli 19 mo e konga kimuʻa ʻo e senituli 20, ne hoko e senokolosiá ko e mahino angamaheni ia ʻo e meʻafoaki ʻo e lea ʻi he ngaahi lea kehekehé. Ne faʻu ʻe he Misiona Akoʻanga Lea-Fakafonuá mo e ngaahi senitā akoʻanga fakafaifekaú kimui ange ha ngaahi polokalama ako lea ke fakatupulaki e meʻafoaki fakalaumālie ʻo e lea ʻi he ngaahi lea kehekehé, ʻo teuteuʻi e kau faifekaú ke malanga ʻaki e ongoongoleleí ʻi ha ngaahi lea muli lahi. ʻOku fakamoʻoni e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi he māmaní kotoa ki he mālohi ʻo e meʻafoaki fakalaumālie ko ʻení.¹²

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

“Te u Lava Fēfē ʻo Ako Lelei Ange ʻa e Lea Fakafonua ʻo e Misiona ʻOku ou Ngāue Aí?” ʻi he Malanga ʻaki ʻEku Ongoongoleleí: Ko Ha Fakahinohino Ki he Ngāue Fakafaifekaú (Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 2004), 153.

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau poupouʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

J. Spencer Fluhman, “The Joseph Smith Revelations and the Crisis of Early American Spirituality,” ʻi he Andrew H. Hedges, J. Spencer Fluhman, and Alonzo L. Gaskill, eds., The Doctrine and Covenants: Revelations in Context (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2008), 66–89.

Steven C. Harper, “‘A Pentecost and Endowment Indeed’: Six Eyewitness Accounts of the Kirtland Temple Experience,” ʻi he John W. Welch, ed., Opening the Heavens: Accounts of Divine Manifestations, 1820–1844 (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 2005), 351–71.

Mark Lyman Staker, Hearken, O Ye People: The Historical Setting of Joseph Smith’s Ohio Revelations (Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2009), 119–46, 167–91.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Ngaahi Meʻafoaki ʻo e Laumālié

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

1. Vakai, Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 46:24–25; vakai foki, “Revelation, circa 8 March 1831–A [DC 46],” ʻi he Revelation Book 1, 78, josephsmithpapers.org.

2. Vakai, 1 Kolinitō 14:1–14.

3. Vakai, Ngāue 2.

4. Jennifer Reeder and Kate Holbrook, eds., At the Pulpit: 185 Years of Discourses by Latter-day Saint Women (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), 7–9, 360 (footnote 9).

5. Robert H. Abzug, Cosmos Crumbling: American Reform and the Religious Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 66.

6. Naʻe manatuʻi ʻe Siosefa Sāmita hono fuofua fakafeʻiloaki ange ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi e lea ʻi he ngaahi lea kehekehé; vakai, J. Spencer Fluhman, “The Joseph Smith Revelations and the Crisis of Early American Spirituality,” ʻi he Andrew H. Hedges, J. Spencer Fluhman, and Alonzo L. Gaskill, eds., The Doctrine and Covenants: Revelations in Context (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2008), 74; vakai foki, Minute Book 1, 179, josephsmithpapers.org; Stephen Post Papers, in Steven C. Harper, “‘A Pentecost and Endowment Indeed’: Six Eyewitness Accounts of the Kirtland Temple Experience,” ʻi he John W. Welch, ed., Opening the Heavens: Accounts of Divine Manifestations, 1820–1844 (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 2005), 351–52.

7. Vakai, “Revelation, circa 8 March 1831–A [DC 46],” ʻi he Revelation Book 1, 76–78, josephsmithpapers.org.

8. “Revelation, 9 May 1831 [DC 50],” ʻi he Revelation Book 1, 82–85, josephsmithpapers.org.

9. Joseph Smith, “Try the Spirits,” Times and Seasons, vol. 3, no. 11 (Apr. 1, 1842), 743–48.

10. Joseph Smith, “History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842],” 8, josephsmithpapers.org; naʻe fakatonutonu ʻa e sipelá mo e fakaʻilonga leá.

11. George Q. Cannon, quoted in Edwin F. Parry, “Missionary Life,” Juvenile Instructor, vol. 33, no. 20 (Oct. 15, 1898), 682–83. ʻOku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe Peuli ha ngaahi sīpinga lahi ʻo e kau faifekau mo ha niʻihi kehe naʻa nau aʻusia e meʻa foaki ʻo e lea ʻi he ngaahi lea kehekehé.

12. David F. Boone, “Missionary Work: 1900–Present,” ʻi he Brandon S. Plewe, ed., Mapping Mormonism: An Atlas of Latter-day Saint History (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 2012), 180.