Fakatapuí mo e Lakanga Tauhí

ʻI he laui senituli talu mei he kamataʻanga ʻo e kuonga faka-Kalisitiané, naʻe tokolahi ha ngaahi kulupu kuo nau feinga ke faʻifaʻitaki ki he kau Kalisitiane ʻi he Fuakava Foʻoú ʻa ia ʻoku lave ki ai ʻi he tohi ʻa Ngāué naʻa nau “meʻa taha pē.”¹ Naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻo fakafou ʻi ha fakahā, ko ha tōʻonga moʻui motuʻa pē ʻeni. Lolotonga e ngāue ʻa Siosefa ki hono liliu ʻo e Tohi Tapú ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfana ʻo e 1830, naʻá ne tala-kae-tohi ha fakahā fekauʻaki mo e kolo ʻo ʻĪnoké, ʻa ia naʻe “lototaha pē mo fakakaukau taha” ʻa hono kakaí pea naʻe “ʻikai ha kakai masiva ʻiate kinautolu.”²

ʻI he aʻu ki Sānualí, naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ha fakahā ʻi Niu ʻIoke ne fekau ai ki he Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi aí ke nau hiki ki ʻOhaiō, ʻa ia ʻe hanga ʻe he ʻEikí ʻo “ʻoatu ai kiate kimoutolu ʻa ʻeku fonó.”³ Lolotonga ko iá, ne ʻi ai ha kulupu ʻo ha kau papi ului foʻou ʻi ʻOhaiō naʻe ʻiloa “ko e fāmilí” naʻa nau nofo ʻi he faama ʻa ʻAisake mo Lusi Moalií pea naʻa nau feinga ke moʻui ʻaki ʻa e tōʻonga moʻui ʻi he Fuakava Foʻoú ke nau meʻa taha pē.⁴ ʻI he tūʻuta ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo Sione Uitemā ʻi ʻOhaioó, naʻá na fakatou ʻiloʻi ko e tōʻonga moʻui ʻa e fāmili Moalií ʻi heʻenau meʻa taha peé, neongo naʻe ʻofeina e foungá, ka naʻe ʻikai tolonga.⁵ ʻI he ʻaho 9 ʻo Fepuelí, naʻe lotu ʻa Siosefa mo ha niʻihi tokolahi pea naʻa nau maʻu ʻa e fakahā ne fokotuʻutuʻu mai ai e fono ʻa e ʻEikí.⁶ ʻI hono fakahā mai e fakahinohino ko ʻení, naʻe iku ʻa e tōʻonga “koloa taha” ne fakahoko ʻi he faama ʻo e fāmili Moalií ʻo “liʻaki fakavave koeʻuhí ko e fono haohaoa ange ʻa e ʻEikí.”⁷

Ko e ʻapi fakahisitōlia ʻi he faama ʻa ʻAisake Moalií ofi ki Ketilani, ʻOhaiō.

Naʻe faʻa ui he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e fakahā ko ʻení ko e “fono ʻo e fakatapuí mo e lakanga tauhí,” naʻe akoʻi ʻe he fakahā ko ʻení ki he Kāingalotú ʻa e founga ke tulifua ki he potupotutatau fakaʻekonōmiká taʻe te nau liʻaki ʻa e tauʻatāina ke filí mo e fatongiá. Naʻe aʻusia ʻeni ʻo ʻikai tuʻunga ʻi heʻenau koloa tahá, ka ʻi he fie maʻu ke fakatapui ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻenau koloá, pe tauhi ke toputapu ʻaki hono fakaʻaongaʻi ia ki hono paotoloaki e ngāue ʻa e ʻEikí. Naʻe fakahaaʻi moʻoni ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻoku ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻa ʻenau koloa fakamāmani kotoa pē ʻaki ʻenau foaki ʻenau koloá ki he ʻEikí ʻo fakafou ʻi he pīsopé, ka naʻa nau kei maʻu pē ʻa e fatongia ki hono tauhi—mo maʻu—ʻa e kelekele mo e koloa naʻa nau fie maʻu maʻanautolu peé. Ko e hā pē toenga e koloa ne nau maʻú, naʻa nau foaki ia ki he Siasí ke fakafiemālieʻi ʻa e masivá mo langa hake ʻa Saione.⁸ Ko e tefitoʻi fatongia ʻo e lakanga fakapīsopé ʻi he Siasí ʻi he kuonga muʻá ko hono fakahoko e fono ʻo e fakatapuí.⁹

Naʻe faingataʻa ke fakahoko e fono ʻo e fakatapuí, he naʻe hangē ne lahi maʻu pē ʻa e fie maʻú ʻi he ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni naʻe maʻú. Naʻe tokolahi e Kāingalotu ne nau tūʻuta ʻi ʻOhaiō mo Mīsuli ʻi ha tuʻunga masiva, naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he Siasí ke fakatau mai ha kelekele ʻi Saione pea mo langa ha ʻū fale, pea naʻe aʻusia foki ʻe he Kāingalotú ha ngaahi fakafili mei honau kaungāʻapí. Naʻe taʻefiemālie ʻa e kau mēmipa ʻo e Kautaha Uouongatahá—ko e fakataha alēlea ia ne fatongia ʻaki ʻa hono puleʻi e ngaahi meʻa fakapaʻanga ʻa e Siasí ʻi he 1832—ki he founga hono fokotuʻutuʻu e ngaahi fakamolé.¹⁰ Naʻe foaki lahi ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻe niʻihi ʻa e toenga koloa naʻa nau maʻú ki he pīsopé; ko e niʻihi ne nau pikitai ki he toenga kelekele mo e koloa ne nau maʻú.¹¹

Naʻe fakafeʻiloaki ʻe ha ongo fakahā ʻe ua ʻi he 1838 ʻa e fono ʻo e vahehongofulú ko ha konga ʻo e fono ʻo e fakatapuí.¹² Naʻe akoʻi ʻe he ongo fakahā ko ʻení ʻoku totonu ke foaki ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻa e “vahehongofulu ʻe taha ʻo e tupu kotoa pē ʻi he taʻu taki taha” ʻi he hili ia ʻenau fakatapui ʻenau toenga koloá.¹³ Naʻe toe fakamamafaʻi ʻe he kau palōfita kimui ní ko e vahehongofulú ko ha founga ia ʻe taha ʻe lava ke moʻui ʻaki ʻe he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻa e fono ʻo e fakatapuí.¹⁴

Neongo ʻoku kei tuʻu maʻu pē e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻoku fakatefito ai e fono ʻo e fakatapuí, ka kuo liliu e ngaahi founga kuo fakahoko ʻaki ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻa e fonó tuʻunga ʻi he fakahinohino fakaepalōfitá mo e liliu e ngaahi tūkungá. Hangē ko ʻení, naʻe poupouʻi ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ke fokotuʻu ha ngaahi kautaha fetokoniʻaki ʻi ʻIutā mo e ngaahi feituʻu takatakai aí ke tokoni ki he niʻihi ne nofo ʻi he ngaahi kauʻāfonuá mo fakatonutonu ʻa e ngaahi angafai fakaʻekonōmika ʻa e Kāingalotú ke vāofi ange mo e ngaahi fakahā ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá kae ʻikai ko e ʻekonōmika ʻa ʻAmelika ʻoku fakataumuʻa pē ki he fakafoʻituituí. Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi kautaha fetokoniʻaki ko ʻení, naʻe ui he taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e “kautaha uouangatahá,” ʻi he ngaahi faʻunga kehekehe ʻe he ngaahi kolo kehekehe ʻi he Anovai Māsima Lahí lolotonga e konga kimui ʻo e senituli 19.¹⁵

Ko ha tā fakatātā ʻo ʻOtavila, ʻIutā ʻi he 1875, ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi kolo naʻe feinga ke fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻo e fakatapuí ʻi he malumalu ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongí.

ʻOku ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he totongi vahehongofulú, ka ʻoku lahi e ngaahi founga ʻe lava ke fakatapui ai ʻe he Kāingalotú honau taimí, talēnití, mo e koloá ki hono fakahoko e ngāue ʻa e ʻEikí. Naʻe kamata ʻi Ketilani ʻa hono fakahoko ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻa e foaki ʻaukai maʻá e masivá. Naʻe ngāue fakataha ʻa e Kau Fineʻofá mo e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi Nāvū mo ʻIutaá ke feau e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e kau faingataʻaʻiá.¹⁶ Naʻe foaki ʻe he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ha ngaahi tokoni ki he Paʻanga Hikifonua Tuʻu Maʻú ke fakasiʻisiʻi e ngaahi fakamole ki he folau mai ʻa e kau papi ului mei mulí ne nau fie kau fakataha mo e Kāingalotu ʻi ʻIutaá.¹⁷ Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻa e polokalama uelofea ʻa e Siasí ʻi he konga kimui ʻo e 1930 tupú ke tokoni ki he niʻihi ne nau fefaʻuhi mo e ngaahi tūkunga faingataʻa ʻo e Tō-lalo Fakaʻekonōmiká.¹⁸ ʻI he 2001, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí ko Kōtoni B. Hingikelií ʻa e Paʻanga Tokoni Fakaako Tuʻu Maʻú ke malava ʻe he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻoku nau faingataʻaʻia fakaʻekonōmika ʻi he funga ʻo e māmaní ʻo maʻu ha ngaahi faingamālie fakaako.¹⁹ Ko e ngaahi polokalama takitaha ko ʻení ko hano fakahoko ia ʻo e ngaahi taumuʻa ʻo e fono ʻo e fakatapuí ʻi he founga naʻe tala ʻe he fakahaá: ke tokoni ki he masivá mo e faingataʻaʻiá, ke moʻui fakataha ʻi he ʻofa, ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei he nofo noá, pea mo tokoni ki he tupulaki ʻo e Siasí.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

Steven C. Harper, “The Law: DC 42,” in Matthew McBride and James Goldberg, eds., Revelations in Context: The Stories behind the Sections of the Doctrine and Covenants (Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), 93–98.

Sherilyn Farnes, “‘A Bishop unto the Church’: DC 41, 42, 51, 54, 57,” in McBride and Goldberg, Revelations in Context, 77–83.

Henry B. Eyring, “Ngaahi Faingamālie ke Fai Lelei”, Ensign pe Liahona, Mē 2011, 22–26.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

Ko e ngaahi pulusinga ko ʻení ʻoku nau ʻomai ha toe fakamatala fekauʻaki pea mo e tefitó. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ʻuhinga ia ʻoku mau poupouʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu honau kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa honau kau faʻú.

Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom: Economic History of the Latter-day Saints, 1830–1900 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1958).

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Bishop [Pīsope], United Firm [Kautaha Uouongatahá], Tithing [Vahehongofulu], Female Relief Society of Nauvoo [Kau Fineʻofa ʻo Nāvuú]

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. Ngāue 2:44–45. ʻOku fakamatala foki ʻi he Tohi ʻa Molomoná kau ki he kau Kalisitiane ʻi ʻAmeliká naʻa nau “meʻa taha ʻaki ʻenau ngaahi meʻa kotoa pē” pea “naʻe ʻikai ha maʻu meʻa mo e masiva” (4 Nīfai 1:3).

2. “Old Testament Revision 1,” 16, josephsmithpapers.org.

3. “Revelation, 2 January 1831 [DC 38],” in Revelation Book 1, 52, josephsmithpapers.org.

4. Vakai Ngāue 2:44.

5. Joseph Smith, “History, 1838–1856, volume A-1 [23 December 1805–30 August 1834],” 93, josephsmithpapers.org; “John Whitmer, History, 1831–circa 1847,” 11, 17, josephsmithpapers.org.

6. “Revelation, 9 February 1831 [DC 42:1–72],” josephsmithpapers.org.

7. “History, 1838–1856, volume A-1 [23 December 1805–30 August 1834],” 93, josephsmithpapers.org.

8. “Revelation, 9 February 1831 [DC 42:1–72],” 3, josephsmithpapers.org; Steven C. Harper, “The Law: DC 42,” in Matthew McBride and James Goldberg, eds., Revelations in Context: The Stories behind the Sections of the Doctrine and Covenants (Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 2016), 93–98.

9. Sherilyn Farnes, “‘A Bishop unto the Church’: DC 41, 42, 51, 54, 57,” in McBride and Goldberg, Revelations in Context, 77–83. ʻOku kei maʻu pē ʻe he kau Pīsopé ʻa e fatongia ki he uelofea fakatuʻasino ʻa honau kāingalotú he taimí ni.

10. Vakai ki he Tefito: United Firm [Kautaha Uouongataha].

11. Hangē ko ʻení, naʻe palōmesi ʻe ha papi ului ʻOhaioó ko Laimani Kōpeli te ne foaki ha konga kelekele lahi ʻo e faama ʻi ʻOhaioó ki he Kāingalotu ʻi Niu ʻIoké; ne liliu ʻene fakakaukaú, mahalo pē koeʻuhí naʻe ʻikai ke ne maʻu ha totonu fakalao ki he kelekelé. Vakai ki he Historical Introduction ki he “Revelation, May 20, 1831 [DC 51],” josephsmithpapers.org; vakai foki, “John Whitmer, History, 1831–circa 1847,” 17, josephsmithpapers.org. Naʻe hoko atu ʻa e aleapau ki hono foaki ʻo e koloá ki he pīsopé ʻi Nāvū (Sherilyn Farnes and Mitchell K. Schaefer, “‘Myself … I Consecrate to the God of Heaven’: Twenty Affidavits of Consecration in Nauvoo, June–July 1842,” BYU Studies, vol. 50, no. 3 [2011], 101–32).

12. Vakai ki he Tefito: Vahehongofulu.

13. “Revelation, 8 July 1838–C [DC 119],” in Joseph Smith, Journal, March–September 1838, 56, josephsmithpapers.org; spelling standardized.

14. Vakai, Lorenzo Snow, “The Spirit and Principles of the United Order,” in Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (London: Latter-Day Saints’ Book Depot, 1854–86), 20:368–369; Gordon B. Hinckley, Teachings of Gordon B. Hinckley (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1997), 139, 640.

15. Leonard J. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom: Economic History of the Latter-day Saints, 1830–1900 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1958), 323–37. ʻOku kehe ʻa e “kautaha uouongataha” ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí mei he “Kautaha Uouongataha” ʻoku lave ki ai ʻi he Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakavá. Vakai, Matthew C. Godfrey, “Newel K. Whitney and the United Firm: DC 70, 78, 82, 92, 96, 104,” in McBride and Goldberg, Revelations in Context, 142–47; Dwight L. Israelson, “United Orders,” in Daniel H. Ludlow, ed., Encyclopedia of Mormonism (New York: MacMillan, 1992), 4:1493–95.

16. Jull Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J. Grow, eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016), 7–9, 240–42, 358–64.

17. Arrington, Great Basin Kingdom, 77–79.

18. Leonard J. Arrington and Wayne K. Hinton, “Origin of the Welfare Plan of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,” BYU Studies, vol. 5, no. 2 (Winter 1964), 67–85.

19. “The Perpetual Education Fund,” Self-Reliance Services, lds.org/topics/pef-self-reliance.