ʻIkai Kau ki ha Faʻahi Fakapolitikale

Talu mei he 1830 tupú, kuo kau maʻu pē ʻa e Kāingalotú ki he meʻa fakapuleʻangá mo maʻu lakanga ʻi he puleʻangá. Lolotonga ʻa e senituli hongofulu mā hivá, naʻe kau mālohi ʻa e Siasí ki he ngaahi fili fakapolitikale ʻi he fakasiteití, fakavahefonuá, mo e fakafonuá. Lolotonga e taimi ko ʻení, ʻoku maʻu lakanga ha kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi he puleʻangá, fakaongoongoleleiʻi ha ngaahi paati mo ha ngaahi tafaʻaki fakapolitikale, fakalotoʻi ha kau ngāue fakapuleʻanga mo fakatipilomētika, fokotuʻutuʻu ha ngaahi fakatahaʻanga fakatokolahi.¹ ʻI he kamataʻanga ʻo e 1890 tupú, naʻe kamata ke holomui ʻa e kau taki ʻo e Siasí mei heʻenau kau atu ki he lakanga fakapolitikalé. ʻI he konga kimui ʻo e senituli 20, kuo ʻikai ke toe kau ʻa e Siasí ki ha faʻahi fakapolitikale ʻi he taimi fili fakapuleʻangá. Fakatatau ki he tuʻutuʻuní, naʻe ʻikai fakaongoongoleleiʻi pe fakafepakiʻi ʻe he Siasí ha faʻahi fakapolitikale pe kanititeiti, pe lakanga, pea naʻe tapu ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa hono ngaahi falé mo e lisi mēmipasipí ki ha faʻahinga ngāue fakapolitikale fakafaʻafaʻahi. Ka neongo ia, naʻe poupouʻi ʻa e Kāingalotú ke nau kau atu ki he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikalé ʻo hangē ko ʻenau hoko ko ha kau fili, kau kanititeiti, mo ha kau ngāue fakapuleʻanga.² Naʻe tākiekina mālohi ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e Siasí ke tuʻu ʻatā mei he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikalé ʻe he kau ʻa e Siasí ki he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikale ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití.

Siosefa Sāmita mo e Ngaahi Faiʻanga Fili Fakapolitikalé

Ko e fuofua fehangahangai ʻa e Siasí mo e puleʻangá naʻe hoko ia ʻi he founga fakatemokālati ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. ʻI he fakalalahi ʻa e fakamamahi ki he Kāingalotú ʻi he 1830 tupú, naʻe naʻinaʻi ai ʻa e ʻEikí ki he Kāingalotú ʻi ha fakahā, ke ngāue ʻaki ha founga fakalao ki ha fakatonutonu mo ha maluʻi.³ Naʻe taki ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻi ha feinga ke tohi tangi ki he puleʻanga ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ki ha fakatonutonu ʻi he 1839, ka ʻi he hili e ʻave ʻe he Falealeá ʻa e palopalemá ni ki he kau ngāue fakapuleʻanga tatau ne nau tuli e Kāingalotú mei Mīsulí, naʻe vakai ʻa Siosefa ki he ngaahi fili (elections) fakapuleʻangá ke langaki ʻaki ha kautaha ke poupou. Naʻe fakakaukau ha kau kanititeiti ʻe niʻihi ʻe hoko ʻa e Kāingalotú ko ha kau poupou ke fili ʻiate kinautolu, pea ne nau ngāue ʻaki leva ʻa honau kolo lahi ko Nāvū, ʻIlinoisí ke nau kemipeini ai.⁴ ʻI he hohaʻa ʻa Siosefa he ʻikai te nau lava ʻo falala ʻi he niʻihi te nau filí ke maluʻi ʻa e tafaʻaki ʻo e Kāingalotú, naʻá ne ui ai ha Fakataha Alēlea ʻo e Toko Nimangofulú ke nau vakaiʻi ke hiki ʻa e Kāingalotú ki ha feituʻu pea ke nau fakakaukau ki ha puleʻanga fakatemokalati. Naʻá ne fakahoko foki ʻa ʻene kemipeini ki he fili palesiteni ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití.⁵

Ko e Paati ʻa e Kakaí ʻi ʻIutaá mo e Fanongonongo Fakapolitikalé

ʻI he Vahefonua ʻIutaá, naʻe kau atu e kau paionia Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ki he ngaahi fili fakafofonga fakakolo mo fakavahefonuá.⁶ Koeʻuhí ko e Kāingalotú ʻa e tangataʻi fonua tokolahi taha ʻi ʻIutaá, naʻe lahi taha ai ʻenau faʻa ikuna ʻa e ngaahi filí. Naʻe faʻa fakaongoongoleleiʻi ai ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi mo ha kau taki ʻe niʻihi ʻo e Siasí ha kau kanititeiti, pea taimi ʻe niʻihi ne nau feinga pea nau maʻu ha lakanga fakapolitikale. Ko e lahi taha ʻo e Kāingalotu naʻa nau fili fakapolitikalé, naʻa nau fili ki ha ngaahi lakanga fakakolo pe fakavahefonua taʻe toe ʻi ai ha fakafepaki. Ka ʻi he fakaʻau ke tokolahi ʻa e kakai taʻe Siasi ʻi ʻIutā ʻo fakafou ʻi he hikifonuá pe ngāué, naʻe ʻiloʻi ʻe he Kāingalotú naʻe pau ke nau feinga ke napangapangamālie ʻa ʻenau tui ʻOtuá mo e tuʻunga totonu ʻo e politikale fakalotofonuá. Naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ʻe he kau Siú, Katolika, Palotisani, mo e Kotipeití ʻa e Paati Tauʻatāiná ʻi he 1870, ke fakafaingataʻaʻiaʻi ʻaki ʻa e poupou ʻa e Kāingalotú.⁷ Naʻe hoko ʻa hono fakafepakiʻi mālohi ʻe he Paati Lepapulika fakafonuá ʻa e mali tokolahí ke fakalotoʻi ai e tokolahi taha ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻi ʻIutā he taimi ko iá ke nau kau ki he Paati Temokalatí. Ka ʻi he tupulaki e ivi tākiekina ʻo e Paati Tauʻatāiná, naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻe ha Kāingalotu ʻiloa ʻe niʻihi ne poupouʻi ʻe he Paati ʻa e Kakaí ʻa e ngaahi meʻa naʻe mahuʻinga ki he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí.⁸ ʻI he taʻu ʻe uofulu hono hokó, naʻe ikuna ʻe he kau kanititeiti ʻo e Paati ʻa e Kakaí, ʻa e meimei kotoa ʻo ʻenau ngaahi filí pea nau puleʻi ai ʻa e meimei kotoa ʻo e ngaahi lakanga ʻi he falealea fakavahefonuá.

Naʻe hoko ʻa e lao fakapuleʻanga ki hono fakafepakiʻi ʻo e mali tokolahí mo e tupu tokolahi ʻo e kakai taʻesiasí ke movete ai ʻa e kau taki ʻo e Paati ʻa e Kakaí kae lava ke faʻu ha vā fetuʻutaki mo e ngaahi kautaha fakafaʻafaʻahi fakafonuá, fakahū e kole ke hoko ʻa ʻIutā ko ha siteití, pea faifai ʻo fili ai ha kau mēmipa ʻo e Siasí ki he Falealeá. ʻI he 1891, naʻe loto taha ai ʻa e Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí mo e kau taki ʻo e Paati ʻa e Kakaí ke veteki ʻa e pātí pea tapou ki honau kau mēmipá ke nau “vahevahe tatau ʻi he ongo paati [Temokālati mo Lepapulika fakafonuá].”⁹ Naʻe kau atu ha kau ʻAposetolo ʻe niʻihi ki he Paati Temokālatí, ka ʻi he hili ha ʻulungia ʻa ha ʻAposetolo ʻe taha ʻi heʻene hoko ko ha kanititeiti ki he Lepapuliká, naʻe kamata ke hohaʻa ʻa e kau taki hangē ko Palesiteni Uilifooti Utalafi mo Siaosi Q. Kēnoní telia naʻa toe hoko ʻa e ngaahi vahevahe motuʻá. Naʻe fanongonongo ʻe Kēnoni mo ha kau taki ʻiloa kehe te nau kau ki he Paati Lepapuliká, ka naʻa nau fokotuʻu ange ki he kau mēmipa ʻo e Siasí ke nau fengāueʻaki fakataha neongo e kehekehe ʻenau tui fakapolitikalé.¹⁰

Hili hono tali ke hoko ʻa ʻIutā ko ha siteiti ʻi he 1896, naʻe fanongonongo ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí mo e Kau Taki Māʻolunga ʻe niʻihi ʻa e “Lao Fakapolitikale ʻa e Siasí” (naʻe toe ui foki ko e “Fanongonongo Fakapolitikalé”). Naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he tuʻutuʻuni ko ʻení ke ʻomi ʻe ha Taki Māʻolunga ʻoku fie hoko atu ki ha lakanga fakapuleʻanga, ha fakangofua mei he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí.¹¹ Ko Mōsese Tetisā, ʻa e ʻAposetolo naʻá ne ngāue ʻi ha ngaahi poate fefakatauʻaki kehekehe ʻi ʻIutā pea naʻá ne fakakaukau ke kemipeini ki ha tuʻunga fakapolitikalé, naʻe ʻikai ke ne loto ke fakamoʻoni ʻi he tohí. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni fakataha mo ha ngaahi ʻuhinga kehe, naʻe toʻo ai ia mei he Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá. Naʻe kei maʻu pē ʻe Tetisā ʻene mēmipasipi ʻi he Siasí pea naʻá ne poupouʻi kimui ange ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni ko iá.¹²

ʻI he ngaahi taʻu hili ʻa e Fanongonongo Fakapolitikalé, naʻe fili ha ongo Taki Māʻolunga ki he Falealeá fakataha mo ha fakangofua mei he Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí: ko B. H. Lōpeti ʻo e Fakataha Alēlea ʻUluaki ʻo e Kau Fitungofulú ʻi he 1898 mo Liti Sīmote ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá ʻi he 1903. Naʻe fili ʻa Lōpeti ki he Fale ʻo e Kau Fakafofongá ka naʻe mole hono seá (tuʻungá) hili ha tālanga ʻa e Falé fekauʻaki mo ʻene fakahoko ʻa e mali tokolahí. Naʻe fili ʻa Sīmote ki he Senató ka naʻá ne toe fehangahangai mo ha tālanga Faka-Falealea kau ki he tauhi hono tuʻungá. Naʻe fakamoʻoni ha kau taki ʻo e Siasí, kau ai ʻa Palesiteni Siosefa F. Sāmita, ʻi ha ngaahi hopo Faka-Falealea ko e poupou ki he ngāue ʻa Sīmoté. Hili ha taʻu ʻe tolu ʻo e fakatotolo fakakōmiti ki he tuʻunga lelei ʻo e ngāue ʻa Sīmoté, naʻe ʻikai lava ʻe he Senató ke ne toʻo ʻa Sīmote mei hono lakangá, pea naʻe ngāue ai pē ʻa Sīmote ʻi he Senató ʻo aʻu ki he 1933.

Fakataumuʻa ke ʻOua ʻe Kau ki ha Faʻahi Fakapolitikale

Naʻe fakatokangaʻi ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e fakamavahevahe ʻa e Siasí mei he vahefonuá ʻo hangē ko ʻene hā ʻi he Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Ka naʻe ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikale ʻe niʻihi ne ope atu ki he misiona, akonaki, mo e ngaahi meʻa ne mahuʻingaʻia ai ʻa e Siasí. Koeʻuhí ke mapuleʻi ʻa e ivi tākiekina ʻa e puleʻangá, naʻe fakamamafaʻi ai ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí, fakafuofua ki he hili ʻa e 1900, ʻa e faikehekehe ʻi he fakapolitikalé mo e tuʻunga ʻulungāngá. Naʻe tuku ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikalé ke fai ʻaki pē ʻa e fakakaukau ʻa e fakafoʻituituí; naʻe kau ʻi he ngaahi palopalema fakaeʻulungāngá ʻa kinautolu naʻa nau uesia fakahangatonu ʻa e tokāteline pe ngaahi ngāue ʻa e Siasí. Naʻe lea ʻa e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi he taimi kotoa pē fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi palopalema fakaeʻulungāngá. Hangē ko ʻení, ʻi he 1933 naʻe tapou ai ʻa Palesiteni Hiipa J. Kalānite ki he kau fili (voters) ʻi ʻIutaá ke ʻoua te nau kaniseli ʻa e Liliu hono Hongofulu Mā Valu ki he Konisitūtone ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ʻa ia naʻe tapui ai ʻa hono ngaohi, fakatau atu, mo hono feʻaveaki ʻo e kava mālohí.¹³

Naʻe hā mai ha ngaahi pole foʻou ʻi hono puleʻi ʻo e Siasí ʻi ha ngaahi tūkunga fakapolitikale kehekehe ko e tupu mei he tupulaki fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻa e Siasí. ʻI he ngāue ʻa e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ke tali fakapuleʻanga [ʻa e Siasí] ʻi he ngaahi fonua kehekehé, naʻa nau fakamamafaʻi ai ʻa e ʻikai ke nau kau ki ha faʻahi fakapolitikalé mo poupouʻi ʻa e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke nau hoko ko ha kau tangataʻifonua tauhi lao mo tokoni ki he puleʻanga fakalotofonuá kapau ʻe malava.

Kuo hokohoko atu hono fakangatangata ʻe he kau taki Māʻolunga ʻo e Siasí ʻa ʻenau kau atu ki he ngaahi filí. Naʻe hoko ʻa ʻEletā ʻEselā Tafu Penisoni, ʻa ia naʻe hoko ko e Sekelitali ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ki he Ngoué mei he 1953 ki he 1961, ko e tokotaha fakamuimuitaha ke ne maʻu ha lakanga fakapuleʻanga lolotonga ʻene hoko ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá pe ʻi he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí. Naʻe hokohoko atu foki ʻa e kau Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí ke lea kau ki he ngaahi pālotí pe ngaahi fehuʻi fakapolitikale kehe ʻoku kaunga ki he tuʻunga fakaeʻulungāngá, ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo e ngaahi fonua kehé fakatouʻosi. ʻI he 1980 naʻe ʻoatu ai ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ha fakamatala fakaʻauliliki ange kau ki he ʻikai kau ki ha faʻahí, ki he kau taki fakalotofonuá mo e kāingalotú kotoa ʻa ia ʻoku kei hoko he ngaahi ʻahó ni ko e tuʻunga moʻui paú.¹⁴

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

“Political Neutrality,” Newsroom, newsroom.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

Edward Leo Lyman, Political Deliverance: The Quest for Utah Statehood (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986).

Kathleen Flake, The Politics of American Religious Identity: The Seating of Senator Reed Smoot, Mormon Apostle (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004).

Gustive O. Larson, “Federal Government Efforts to ‘Americanize’ Utah before Admission to Statehood,” BYU Studies, vol. 10, no. 2 (1970), 218–32.

Jean Bickmore White, “The Right to Be Different: Ogden and Weber County Politics, 1850–1924,” Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 47 (1979), 254–72.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Ngaahi Faka-Lao mo Faka-Politikale ʻo ʻAmeliká), ʻIutā, Kau Kotipeití

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. Hangē ko ʻení, vakai Ngaahi Tefitó: Ko e Keimipeini ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻi he 1844 ke Palesiteni ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, Fakataha Alēlea ʻo e Toko Nimangofulú, Women’s Suffrage, Fineʻofá, Pilikihami ʻIongi, ʻIutā.

2. “Church Policies and Announcements,” Ensign, Aug. 1980, 79; “Political Neutrality,” Newsroom, newsroom.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

3. Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 101:76–89; vakai foki Tokāteline mo e Ngaahi Fuakava 98:4–6.

4. Andrew H. Hedges, “Extradition, the Mormons, and the Election of 1843,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, vol. 109, no. 2 (2016), 127–47.

5. Vakai Ngaahi Tefitó: Ko e Keimipeini ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻi he 1844 ke Palesiteni ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, Fakataha Alēlea ʻo e Toko Nimangofulú.

6. Vakai, Tefito: ʻIutā

7. Vakai, Tefito: Kau Kotipeití

8. Thomas G. Alexander, Utah: The Right Place; The Official Centennial History (Salt Lake City: Gibbs-Smith, 1995), 173–74.

9. Alexander, Utah, 201–2.

10. Alexander, Utah, 202–3.

11. Wilford Woodruff, et al., “To the Saints,” The Deseret Weekly, Apr. 11, 1896, 532–34.

12. Kenneth W. Godfrey, “Moses Thatcher in the Dock: His Trials, the Aftermath, and His Last Days,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 24, no. 1 (1998): 54–88.

13. Brent G. Thompson, “‘Standing between Two Fires’: Mormons and Prohibition, 1908–1917,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 10 (1983), 35–52.

14. “Church Policies and Announcements,” Ensign, Aug. 1980, 79; “Political Neutrality,” Newsroom, newsroom.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.