Tau ʻa e Māmongá mo Mīsuli ʻi he 1838

Ko e Tau ʻa e Māmongá mo Mīsulí (naʻe ui foki ko e Tau ʻa e Māmongá pe ko e Tau ʻa Mīsulí) ko ha fekeʻikeʻi ia ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí mo e kakai ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo Mīsulí ʻi he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1838. Naʻe fakalalahi ʻa e fekeʻikeʻí ʻo fakaʻau ke kau ai ʻa e kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻangá mo e kōvaná, pea naʻe iku ʻo tuku pōpula ai ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo tuli fakamālohiʻi e Kāingalotú mei Mīsuli.

Naʻe hoko ʻa e ngaahi faikehekehe ʻi he tui fakalotú, politikalé mo e sosialé ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí mo e kakai Mīsulí ke fakautuutu ai e fekeʻikeʻi mei he fuofua tūʻuta ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻi he Vahefonua Siakisoní ʻi Mīsuli ʻi he 1831.¹ Naʻe hoko ʻa e ngaahi fakamanamana mei he kau fakaaoaó mo e ʻoho ʻa e kau fakatangá ke fakamālohiʻi ai e Kāingalotú ke nau mavahe mei he vahefonuá ʻi he 1833. Naʻe hiki leva ʻa e kau Māmongá ki he ngaahi vahefonua kaungāʻapi ʻi he tokelaú, ʻa ia ne nau kei fehangahangai ai pē mo e fakafepakí. ʻI he 1836, naʻe faʻu ʻe he puleʻangá ʻa e Vahefonua Kolotiuelá maʻá e kau Māmongá ʻataʻatā pē, pea naʻe taʻe-loto ʻa e kau fakafepaki ki he Siasí ke toe nofo ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻi ha toe feituʻu makehe mei he vahefonua foʻou ko ʻení. Ka naʻe feinga ʻa e Kāingalotú ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻenau totonu fakakonisitūtoné ʻaki ʻenau fokotuʻu ha ngaahi nofoʻanga ʻi he ongo vahefonua kaungāʻapi ko Kalolo mo Teivisí. Ko e taimi naʻe mavahe ai ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mei ʻOhaiō ke fononga ki he nofoʻanga Māmonga ʻi Hihifo Mamaʻo, Mīsulí ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfana ʻo e 1838, naʻe ʻosi aʻu ki ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻa e fakafili ki he Siasí ʻi Mīsulí.²

ʻI he ʻaho 4 ʻo Siulai, 1838, naʻe fakatokanga ʻe Sitenei Likitoni he ʻikai ke kei fakaoleoleʻi ʻe he Siasí ʻa e fakatangá pe ko hono fakaʻikaiʻi ʻenau totonu ko e kau tangataʻifonua ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Kapau ʻe fakatahataha mai ʻa e kau fakatangá, naʻá ne kalanga leʻolahi ʻi haʻane lea fakahāhā ʻo pehē, “tuku ke hoko ia ko ha tau ʻo e fakaʻauhá ʻi hotau vahaʻá.” Ka ʻi he taimi tatau, naʻá ne fakapapau he ʻikai hoko ʻa e Kāingalotú ko e kau fakaaoao: “He ʻikai ke mau maumauʻi ha totonu ʻa ha taha; ka te mau tuʻu ʻi he totonu pē ʻamautolú ʻo aʻu ki he maté.”³ Lolotonga e vahaʻataimi ko ʻení, naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ʻe he kau tangata Māmonga ʻe niʻihi ha kulupu fakaaoao naʻe ʻiloa ko e Kau Taní, ʻa ia ne nau fakapapau ke maluʻi e Kāingalotú mei ha toe fakamamahi ʻamui. Naʻe hoko e fakamatala ki he ngāue ʻa e kau Taní ke fakalotoʻi ai e kakai Mīsuli ʻe niʻihi naʻe fakamanamana ʻe he kau Māmongá ke fakamamahiʻi e kakaí.⁴

ʻI he ʻaho ne fai ai e Fili Fale Aleá he taʻu ko iá, naʻe fili ʻa e kakai ʻo e Vahefonua Kaloló ke mavahe ʻa e kau Māmongá mei he vahefonuá. ʻI he Vahefonua kaungāʻapi ko Teivisí, naʻe fai ha fuhu ʻi he taimi naʻe taʻofi ai ʻe he kakai filí pe voutā ʻa e kau Māmongá mei heʻenau kau ki he filí. ʻI he manavahē ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí telia naʻa tuli kinautolu mei he vahefonuá ʻe ha ʻōfisa melinó, naʻa nau kole ai ke ne fakamoʻoni hingoa ʻi ha aleapau ʻo e taʻe-filifilimānakó. Naʻe lāunga ʻa e ʻōfisá kimui ange naʻe fakailifiaʻi ia ke ne fakamoʻoni hingoa, pea naʻe tuʻutuʻuni kia Siosefa Sāmita mo Laimani Uaiti ke na fai ha tali ki he lāungá ʻi he fakamaauʻangá. Naʻá na fakasītuʻaʻi e tuʻutuʻuní kae ʻoua leva kuo fakapapauʻi ange ʻe he fakamaauʻangá te na malu. Naʻe toe fakatahataha mai ʻa e kau fakatangá ke fakafepaki ki he Kāingalotú ʻi heʻenau lotomamahi ʻi he maumau lao ʻa e kau Māmongá.

Naʻe kole ʻe he Kāingalotú ki he puleʻanga fakavahefonuá ke maluʻi kinautolu, pea naʻe haʻu ha kau sōtia ke tauhi e melinó. Ka naʻe uesia ʻa e fakalelei ko ʻení ʻi he taimi naʻe fakaʻauha ai ʻe ha kau fakatanga ʻa e nofoʻanga ʻo e kau Māmongá ʻi Ti Uiti, ʻi he Vahefonua Kaloló, ʻo fakamālohiʻi ai e Kāingalotu ne nau nofo aí ke nau hola. Naʻe fai ʻe he kōvana Mīsuli ko Lilipeni W. Pokesi ha tali ki ha kole tokoni ʻaki ʻene pehē kuo pau ke feinga ʻa e Kāingalotú mo e kakai Mīsulí ke nau solova ʻenau palopalema pē ʻanautolu. ʻI he fakalalahi e ngaahi lipooti ki hono tutu ʻe he kau fakatangá e tukui ʻapi ʻa e kau Māmongá ʻi he ngaahi vahefonua kehé, naʻe fakakaukau ai ʻa e Kāingalotú ke nau fakafepaki.

Naʻe feʻunga mo ha uike ʻe ua ʻa e fetauʻakí. ʻI he konga ki loto ʻo ʻOkatopá, naʻe ʻohofi mo tutu ai ʻe he kau Māmongá ha tukui ʻapi mo e ʻū falekoloa ʻi Kalatini mo Milipoti. Naʻe tau ʻa e kau sōtia Māmongá mo Mīsulí ʻi he Vaitafe Pikopikó, pea naʻe iku ai ki ha mate ʻa ha tangata Mīsuli ʻe taha mo ha ongo Māmonga ʻe toko ua, ʻo kau ai e ʻAposetolo ko Tēvita W. Pētení. Koeʻuhí ko e ngaahi fetauʻaki ko ʻení, naʻe iku tuku mai ai ʻe Kōvana Pokesi, ʻa ia naʻá ne poupouʻi e ngaahi angafai ʻa e kau tāufehiʻa ki he Māmongá ʻi he Vahefonua Siakisoni ki muʻá, ha “tuʻutuʻuni ke fakaʻauha,” ʻa ia naʻe fakamafaiʻi ai ʻa e kau sōtiá ke nau tuli ʻa e kau Māmongá mei he vahefonuá pe fakaʻauha kinautolu ʻo ka fie maʻu.⁵ Naʻe hoko ʻi he ʻaho 30 ʻo{25}ʻOkatopá ʻa e meʻa fakalilifu taha ʻo e taú, ʻi hono fanaʻi ʻe ha kau Mīsuli ne ʻosi fakamahafu ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻi he Fahiʻanga Papa Hauní, ʻo tamateʻi pea mo ngaohi kovia e ngaahi sino ʻo e kau tangatá mo e tamaiki tangata ʻe toko  17.⁶

C. C. A. Christensen (1831–1912), Ko e Tau ʻi he Vaitafe Pikopikó, c. 1878, tā valivali ʻi ha māsilini ʻinisi ʻe 78 x 114. Mīsiume ʻo e Tā Fakatātaá ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí, meʻaʻofa ʻa e ngaahi mokopuna ʻo C. C. A. Christensen, 1970.

Ko ha tā valivali ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai e tau ʻa e kau sōtia Mīsulí mo e Māmongá ʻi he Vaitafe Pikopikó.

Naʻe ʻohofi ʻe he kau sōtia naʻe tokangaʻi ʻe Seniale Samuela D. Lūkasí, ʻa Hihifo Mamaʻo ʻi ʻOkatopa ʻaho 31. Naʻe puke pōpula ʻe Lūkasi ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo ha kau taki Māmonga kehe pea tuʻutuʻuni ke fakapoongi kinautolu ʻi he ʻaho hono hokó. Naʻe fakafehuʻia ʻe ha seniale ʻe taha ko ʻAlekisanitā Tonifeni ʻa e tuʻutuʻuní, pea naʻe fakahū pilīsone ʻa Siosefa mo ha niʻihi kehe mo tuʻutuʻuni ke fakaʻilo kinautolu ʻi he ngaahi tukuakiʻi ki he talisone mo e fakapō. Lolotonga iá, naʻe kumi hūfanga e konga lahi ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi he vahefonua kaungāʻapi ko ʻIlinoisí.⁷

Naʻe fakaʻilongaʻi ʻe he Tau ʻa e Māmongá mo Mīsulí ʻa e fakaʻosinga ʻo e fuofua tuʻu ʻa e Siasí ʻi Mīsulí. Naʻe fakaʻau ke makatuʻunga ʻa e visione ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ke langa ha kolo “Saione” ʻo ha Kāingalotu angamāʻoniʻoní ʻi ha feituʻu pē ʻe fakataha ki ai ʻa e kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí, kae ʻikai ko ha feituʻu pau.⁸ Naʻe hoko foki ʻa e taú ke iku tafoki ai ha kau taki mahuʻinga. Naʻe mavahe ʻa Tōmasi B. Māʻasi, ʻOasoni Haiti mo Uiliami W. Felipisi mei he Siasí pea ne nau toe foki mai pē hili ha ngaahi taʻu lahi, ka naʻe ʻikai ke toe foki mai ʻa e kau taki hangē ko Sione Kolili mo Siaosi Hinikolo.⁹ Hili e faingataʻaʻia ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo hono tokoua ko Hailamé mo ha niʻihi kehe ʻi he momoko mo e fāsiʻi ʻa e fale fakapōpulá lolotonga e faʻahitaʻu momoko ʻo e 1838-39, naʻe tokoniʻi kinautolu ʻe ha tangata leʻo manavaʻofa ke nau hola lolotonga ʻenau fononga ki ha feituʻu ʻe taha.  Neongo naʻe faingataʻa, ka naʻe huhuʻi ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ʻe he ngaahi meʻa naʻe hoko he pilīsoné, he naʻe fakahoko ange ha ngaahi fakahā mahuʻinga kiate ia lolotonga hono tuku pilīsone iá.¹⁰

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

“1838: The Year the Saints Were Driven Out of Missouri,” LDS.org.

“Peace and Violence among 19th-Century Latter-day Saints,” Gospel Topics Essays, topics.lds.org.

Mark Ashurst-McGee, David W. Grua, Elizabeth A. Kuehn, Brenden W. Rensink, and Alexander L. Baugh, eds., Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), xix–xxix.

Bibliography

Ko e ngaahi pulusinga ko ʻení ʻoku nau ʻomai ha toe fakamatala fekauʻaki pea mo e tefitó. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ʻuhinga ia ʻoku mau poupouʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu honau kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa honau kau faʻú.

Alexander L. Baugh, A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 2000).

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. Vakai ki he Tefito: Jackson County Violence [Fakamamahi ʻi he Vahefonua Siakisoní].

2. Vakai ki he Tefito: Opposition to the Early Church [Fakafepaki ʻi he Kamataʻanga ʻo e Siasí], Far West [Hihifo Mamaʻo].

3. Sidney Rigdon,Oration Delivered by Mr. S. Rigdon, On the 4th of July, 1838 (Far West, Missouri: Journal Office, 1838), 12; see also Topic: Dissent in the Church.

4. Vakai ki he Tefito: Kau Taní.

5. Vakai ki he Tefito: Hawn’s Mill Massacre [Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Fahiʻanga Papa Hauní], Extermination Order [Tuʻutuʻuni ke Fakaʻauhá].

6. ʻOku hangehangē naʻe ʻikai ʻiloʻi ʻe he kau fakatangá ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni naʻe fai ʻe Kōvana Pokesí ʻi he taimi ne fai ai e ʻohofí. See Alexander L. Baugh, “The Haun’s Mill Massacre and the Extermination Order of Missouri Governor Lilburn W. Boggs,” Mormon Historical Studies, vol. 10, no. 1 (Spring 2009), 21–30.

7. Vakai ki he Tefito: Liberty Jail [Fale Fakapōpula Lipetií].

8. Vakai ki he Tefito: Zion/New Jerusalem.

9. Vakai ki he Tefito: Dissent in the Church [Angatuʻu ʻi he Siasí.

10. Vakai ki he Tefito: Liberty Jail [Fale Fakapōpula Lipetií].