Ngaahi Houalotu ʻa e Kau Finemuí

‘I he ʻaho 25 ‘o Mē, 1870, ne fakataha ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi mo hono ngaahi ʻofefiné mo e kau mēmipa kehe ‘o hono fāmili tokolahí ʻi he loto fale ‘o e Fale ʻo e Laioné ʻi Sōleki Sití. Naʻá ne fakahā ki hono fāmilí koeʻuhí naʻe fuʻu fakatovave ʻa e Kāingalotú ke muimui ki he ngaahi ākenga ʻa e māmaní, ko ia ai naʻá ne fie maʻu hono ngaahi ʻofefiné ke hoko ko ha faʻifaʻitakiʻanga lelei ki he kau finemui kehé. ʻI he konga kimuʻa ʻo e taʻu ko iá, naʻe tali ʻe Mele ʻIsapela Hooni ha ui meia Palesiteni ‘Iongi ke fokotuʻutuʻu ha Kautaha Fetokoniʻaki ki he Fakafoʻoú maʻá e Houʻeiki Fafiné ʻo fakataumuʻa ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e moʻui fakavalevalé mo hono fakamālohia e uouangataha lahi ange fakaʻekonōmiká.¹ Ka, ʻi he fakataha ko ʻení ne fakahā ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ki hono ngaahi ʻofefiné naʻá ne fie maʻu kinautolu ke nau fokotuʻutuʻu ha Potungāue maʻá e Kau Finemuí ʻi he kautaha ko ʻení. ʻI he ʻaho 27 ʻo Meé, ne ngāue ʻaki ai ʻe he ngaahi ʻofefine ʻo ʻIongí ha ngaahi tukupā ki hono fokotuʻu ʻo e kautaha foʻoú, pea naʻe ui ʻa ‘Ela ʻIongi ʻEmapei ko e palesiteni ‘o e fuofua kulupu fakalotofonuá.²

Ko e tā ‘o e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi ʻofefine ʻo Pilikihami ʻIongí, ko e tokolahi ʻo kinautolu naʻe kau ʻi he mēmipa ‘o e fuofua Young Ladies’ Department of the Ladies’ Cooperative Retrenchment Association.

Ko e ʻaho 28 ʻo Nōvema 1869, ko e ʻaho ia naʻe kātoangaʻi fakafonua ai hono fokotuʻu ʻo e Potungāue maʻá e Kau Finemuí (pea pehē, ki he polokalama ʻa e Kau Finemui ʻo e Siasí). Naʻe hala ʻa e ʻaho ko ʻení ʻa ia naʻe ʻoatú ʻi ha hisitōlia naʻe fai ʻe Susa ʻIongi Keiti ʻa ia naʻe pulusi ʻi he 1911.³ Ko e fakamatala ʻa Keití, ne hiki ia hili ha ngaahi taʻu lahi mei he taimi ne fakahoko ai ʻa e ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻú, pea ne maʻu ia mei he manatu ʻa Patisepa W. Sāmita, ‘a ia naʻe kau ʻi he fakataha ʻa e fāmili ʻIongí. ‘Oku hangē ne fakatahaʻi ʻe Keiti pe ko Sāmita e fakataha ʻi Mē 1870 mo e fakataha kehe naʻe fai ia ʻi Nōvema ʻo e taʻu kimuʻá.⁴ ‘I Sune 1870, hili pē ha ngaahi uike siʻi mei hono fokotuʻu ʻo e Potungāue maʻá e Kau Finemuí, ne pulusi ʻe he Deseret News ʻa e tukupaá, ʻo fakapapauʻi naʻe fokotuʻu ʻi he ʻaho 27 ʻo Mē, 1870.

Naʻe ʻuluaki tokanga taha e kautahá ki he liliu e anga ʻo e valá mo e uouangataha fakaʻekonōmiká, ʻi hono poupouʻi ʻa e kau finemuí ke nau ohi ha ākenga faingofua mo totongi maʻamaʻa ange ʻi he valá pea ngāue ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tupenu ne maʻu fakalotofonuá. Ne ʻikai ke fuoloa mei ai kuo fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi kautaha fakasiʻisiʻi fakamole tatau maʻá e kau finemuí ʻi Sōleki Siti kotoa pea mo e ngaahi nofoʻanga kehe ʻi ʻIutaá.⁵ ʻI he kamataʻangá, naʻe ʻikai mahino pau e taʻu fakangatangata ki he kalasi ʻo e “fefine kei siʻí” pea naʻe kau fakataha ʻi he kautahá e tamaiki fefine taʻu hongofulu tupú pea pehē ki he kau fafine ʻi he uofulu tupu siʻí, ko e niʻihi ʻo kinautolu ne nau ʻosi mali.

Ne hoko hono fakamamafaʻi ʻo e “fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e fakamolé” ke fakavave hono fakaʻatā ke lelei ange ‘a e kaveinga ʻo e “fakalakalaká,” ‘o ne kāpui ʻa e tupulaki fakalaumālié, fakaakó, anga fakafonuá, pea mo e fakasōsialé.⁶ ʻI he 1877 ne ohi ʻe he kautahá ʻa e hingoa ko e Kautaha Fakalakalaka ʻa e Mutuale ʻo e Kau Fafine Kei Īkí (KFMKFKI), ʻa ia ne fokotuʻu ‘o tuʻunga tatau mo e Kautaha Fakalakalaka ʻa e Mutuale ʻo e Kau Talavoú (KFMKT) ʻa ia naʻe fokotuʻu ʻi he 1875.⁷ ‘I he 1880 naʻe ui ʻa ʻElimina Sēpeti Teila ke hoko ko e ‘uluaki Palesiteni Lahi ʻo e KFMKFKI, pea ʻi he ngaahi taʻu hokohoko mai aí, ne fengāueʻaki e ongo kautaha ko ʻení ʻi he ngaahi ʻekitivitī faʻu tohí, fakafaivá, fakamūsiká, mo e fakalotú pea fakahoko ʻi Sune ʻo e taʻu kotoa ʻenau kau fakataha ki he ngaahi konifelenisí.

Mei he taʻu 1890 ki he 1920, naʻe muimui ʻa e KFMKFKI ki ha polokalama fakalahi ne lava ai ʻo maʻu ʻe he kau finemuí ha ngaahi faingamālie ki he fakafiefiá, akó, fiefia ‘i he ngaahi ʻaati fakafonuá, mo e tupulaki fakalaumālié. Ne ngāue ʻaki ʻe he kautahá ʻa e ngaahi lēsoni tatau ʻi he 1893 pea pulusi fakamāhina ʻa e Tohinoa ʻa e Kau Finemuí ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo e 1889. ‘I he 1903 ne vahevahe ʻe he KFMKFKI ʻa e kau finemuí fakatatau ki honau taʻú ʻo ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi kalasi ki he tamaiki īkí mo e tamaiki lalahí, pea toe vahevahe hifo mei ai ʻi he ngaahi taʻu hokohoko mai aí.⁸ ʻI he taʻu1934 naʻe fokotuʻu e taʻu motuʻa ke kau ki he kautahá ke [taʻu] 12 (kae kimuʻá naʻe taʻu14), ʻo fakaʻatā mo e memipasipí ki he houʻeiki fafine kuo nau ʻi he taʻu 30 tupú. Naʻe liliu foki e hingoá ki he hingoa ʻiloa ange ʻi he kuongá ni ko e Kautaha Fakalakalaka ʻo e Mutuale ʻa e Kau Finemuí [Young Womenʻs Mutual Improvement Association].

Lolotonga e ngaahi taʻu 1910 tupú, naʻe fakahoko ‘e he ngaahi siteiki lahi ʻa e fuofua nofo kemi ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfaná maʻá e kau finemuí. ‘I he 1929 ne fanongonongo ai ʻe he Palesiteni Lahí ko Lute Mei Fōkesi ha polokalama maʻá e Siasí kotoa ʻa ia ko e nofo kemi ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfaná, ne fokotuʻu ʻeni ko ha tukufakaholo kuo hoko ko ha fakaʻilonga ia ‘o e ngaahi polokalama ʻa e kau finemuí. ‘I he 1915, lolotonga e Palesiteni ʻa Maʻata Hoane Tingeí, ne fakafeʻiloaki ʻe he KFMKFKI e Tamaiki Fefine Pununga Honé, ʻa ia ko e fuofua polokalama lavameʻa ʻeni ‘a e kautahá. Naʻe fakatātā ia ki he kautaha Kemi Faea ʻa e Tamaiki Fefiné (Camp Fire Girls) fakafonuá pea fenāpasi moʻoni ia mo hono fakahoko ʻe he KFMKT ‘a e polokalama Sikauti ʻa e Tamaiki Tangata ʻa ʻAmeliká. ‘I he ngaahi taʻu ʻe hongofulu ne hokohoko mai aí, naʻe fakafeʻiloaki ai mo ha ngaahi polokalama lavameʻa kehe maʻá e fānau fefine ʻi he ngaahi toʻu kotoa pē. Mei he 1930 tupú ki he 1960 tupú, naʻe tupu ʻa e Kautaha Fakalakalaka ʻo e Mutuale ʻo hoko ko ha polokalama lahi, mo longomoʻui ʻa ia naʻá ne tohoakiʻi e tokanga fakafonuá. ‘I ha anga fakafonua faka-ʻAmelika ne fai ha tokanga fakamātoato ange ki he kau taʻu hongofulu tupú, [ko ia ai] naʻe fakahoko ‘e he ngaahi polokalama ʻa e toʻu tupu ‘o e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ha ngaahi ʻekitivitī lahi ne kau ai e ngaahi nofo kemí, ngaahi hulohulá, mo e ngaahi kātoangá, pea pehē foki ki ha konifelenisi lahi ‘a e KFM ʻi Sune ʻo e taʻu kotoa.

kau Finemui ‘i he Nofo Kemi ʻa e Tamaiki Fefine ʻo Palaitoní.

‘I he tupulaki fakaemāmanilahi ʻa e Siasí, naʻe fakatokangaʻi ‘e he kau takí ko e ngaahi polokalama ne fakataumuʻa ki he toʻu tupu angamaheni ʻo e sosaieti ʻi ‘Amelika Noaté naʻe ‘ikai ola lelei maʻu pē ia ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu kehé. Ne mahino mei he ngaahi fakamole ki he faʻahinga polokalama peheé pea mo e fie maʻu ha kau taki taukei tokolahí naʻe ʻikai maʻu ha kau ngāue pe maʻuʻanga tokoni kehe ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu foʻou ʻo e Siasí ke poupouʻi ʻa e polokalama kakato ʻa e KFM. Pea ʻi he 1971 ne fai ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ha ngaahi liliu mahuʻinga ki he polokalama lavameʻa ʻa e KFM ke feau lelei ange ai ʻa e ngaahi fie maʻu ʻa e kau finemuí ‘i he funga ʻo e māmaní. ʻI he taʻu hono hokó, naʻe fakahā ‘e he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ʻe tokangaʻi pē ʻe he houalotu ‘a e kau finemuí ʻa e tamaiki fefine taʻu 12 ki he 17. Hili ia, ‘i he 1974, naʻe toe fakahingoa ʻa e houalotu ʻa e kau finemuí ko e Kau Finemuí, ʻo ʻikai toe fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e hingoa KFM. Ne fakahoko ʻe he kau finemuí mo honau kau takí ʻa ʻenau konifelenisi fakaemāmanilahi fakaʻosí ʻi Suné ʻo e 1975.

Naʻe fakafeʻiloaki ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Kau Finemuí ʻi he 1977 ʻa e Ko ʻEku Fakalakalaka Fakatāutahá, ʻa ia ko ha polokalama lavameʻa ia ‘o makatuʻunga ʻi he ngaahi ‘ekitivitī ʻo e fakalakalaka fakalaumālie mo fakatāutaha ‘i he ngaahi tafaʻaki ʻe ono ‘o e ʻʻngaahi meʻa ʻoku tukutaha ki ai ʻa e tokangá.” Ne maʻu ʻe he Kau Finemui naʻa nau fakakakato ʻa e polokalamá ha Fakalangilangi ‘o e Tuʻunga Fakafinemuí. ʻI he 1980, ʻi he konga ʻo ha fakamāʻopoʻopo ki he taimi-tēpile foʻou ki he fakataha ʻi he Sāpaté, naʻe kamata hono maʻu ʻe he kau finemuí ha fakahinohino ʻi he Sāpaté, ko ha meʻa ʻeni ne poupouʻi ʻe he kau taki ‘o e Kau Finemuí ʻi he ngaahi taʻu lahi.⁹ ‘I he 1985 ne fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou ʻe he Palesiteni Lahi ʻo e Kau Finemuí ko ʻAtafa G. Kepu mo ʻene poaté ʻa e polokalama ʻa e Kau Finemuí ʻo felāveʻi mo ha kaveinga foʻou pea mo e tuʻunga ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga fakalaumālie ʻe fitu.¹⁰ Ne fakatefito ʻa e polokalama foʻoú ʻi he teuteu mo e moʻui taau ke kau ‘i he ngaahi ouau ʻo e temipalé, ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e tukutaha ‘a e tokangá ʻa ia ʻoku kei hokohoko pē ʻo aʻu ki he senituli 21.

Naʻe fakafeʻiloaki ʻe Sisitā ʻĀtafa G. Kepu ha moto foʻou, ha kaveinga mo e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻulungaanga foʻou maʻá e houalotu ʻa e Kau Finemuí ‘i he 1985.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

“Standards: History of the Young Women Organization,” mormonchannel.org.

“History of Young Women Recognition,” ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

“History of the Young Women Organization: A Bright Light for Generations,” ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

“Our Presidents: Timeline of Young Women General Presidents,” ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau poupouʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

Janet Peterson, “Young Women of Zion: An Organizational History,” ʻi he David J. Whittaker mo Arnold K. Garr, eds., A Firm Foundation: Church Organization and Administration (’i Polovo, ‘Iuta: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2011), 277 – 94.

Elaine Anderson Cannon, “Young Women,” ‘i he Daniel H. Ludlow, ed., Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 4 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1992), 4:616 – 19.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Retrenchment, Young men Organization

1. Vakai ki he Tefitó: Retrenchment

2. “Resolutions Adopted by the First Young Ladies’ Department of the Ladies’ Co-operative Retrenchment Association, S.L. City, Organized May 27, 1870,” Deseret Evening News, June 20, 1870, 2.

3. Susa Young Gates, History of the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1911), 5–10.

4. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo Keití ne kau atu ʻa Siaosi ʻA. Sāmita he fakataha ‘a Pilikihami ʻIongi mo hono ngaahi ʻofefiné, ka naʻe ‘ikai ke ʻi Sōleki Siti ʻa Sāmita ‘i he ʻaho 28 ‘o Nōvema, 1869. Kae fakatatau ki ha fakamatala ‘i he Tohinoa ʻi he ʻŌfisi ‘o e Faihisitōliá, ne kau fakatouʻosi ʻa Sāmita pea mo hono uaifi ko Patisepá ‘i he fakatahaʻanga ʻo e ‘aho 25 ʻo Mē, 1870. Kuo mahino ‘a e ngaahi faitatau ʻi he fakamatala kimui ʻa Patisepá mo e ngaahi fakamatala ‘o e ngaahi ngāue ʻi he fakataha ʻo Meé ʻa ia ne ʻasi ʻi he tohinoá, ka ko e ʻaho ‘o e fakataha naʻe ʻasi ʻi he hisitōlia naʻe tohi ʻe Keití ne ngali fehalaaki. Vakai, Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J. Grow eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press: 2016), 353–54.

5. Gates, History of the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association, 59 –69.

6. Ko e fakamamafa foʻou koia ʻi he fakalakalaká ʻokú ne fakamatalaʻi lelei ange ‘a e tefitoʻi fakakaukau tuʻuloa koia ʻo e fakasiʻisiʻi fakamolé ʻo pehē ʻoku kau ai ʻa e “meʻa kotoa pē te ne ‘ai ke tau poto, ʻaonga mo fiefia lolotonga ‘etau ʻi he moʻui ní” (Georgina Cuthbert, “Retrenchment,” Woman’s Exponent, Vol. 3, fika 21 [Apr. 1, 1875], 163).

7. Vakai ki he Tefitó: Ngaahi Houalotu ‘a e Kau Talavoú.

8. Hangē ko ‘ení, ʻi he 1950 naʻa nau faʻu ‘a e vahevahe foʻou ʻo e taʻu motuʻá: Punungahone, taʻu 12–13; MAEA Meiti, taʻu 14–15; ‘I he taʻu Tātānaki kei siʻí (Junior Gleaners), taʻu 16–18; mo e Tātānaki (Gleaners), taʻu 19–25. Ko e kau Tātānaki kei siʻí naʻe liliu kimui hono hingoá ko e kau Loumailé.

9. Jennifer Reeder and Kate Holbrook, eds., At the Pulpit: 185 Years of Discourses by Latter-day Saint Women (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), 206.

10. Naʻe tānaki atu e tuʻunga ʻulungaanga mahuʻinga hono valú ‘i he 2008 lolotonga e vahaʻataimi ngāue ʻo Sisitā ʻIleini S. Tolotoní.