“Moʻui Fakaʻaho ʻa e ʻUluaki Toʻu Tangata ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
“Moʻui Fakaʻaho ʻa e ʻUluaki Toʻu Tangata ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní”
Moʻui Fakaʻaho ʻa e ʻUluaki Toʻu Tangata ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní
Hili pē mālōlō e tamai ʻa e kiʻi taʻahine taʻu fā mo e mēmipa ʻo e Siasí he kahaʻú ko Nenisī ʻAlekisānitá, naʻá ne mamata ki he ʻosi e paʻanga ʻene faʻē ko Petisií peá ne ʻave ai e fānaú ke nofo mo hanau kāinga. Naʻe hanga ʻe he ongo kui ʻa Nenisií ʻo fakaakoʻi ia, lau e Tohi Tapú ʻi he ngaahi fakataha fakafāmilí, mo ako ke ngaohi filo mo tuitui. ʻI he taʻu 15 ʻa Nenisií, naʻe toe foki ange ʻene faʻeé ʻi ha kiʻi taimi, pea ʻi he ʻikai ke ne kei lava ʻo fakakaukau atu ki haʻane toe mavahe mei heʻene faʻeé, naʻe siʻi muimui ai ʻa Nenisī ʻia Petisī, ʻo nofo mo ha kāinga kehe. Naʻe ʻikai fuoloa kuo mali ʻa Nenisī mo hono kāinga ko Mōsese Teleisi, pea naʻe “kamata ai ʻena faʻu fāmilí.”1
Naʻe ʻikai ke mei hā ngalikehe e moʻui ia ʻa Nenisií ki hono toʻú. Naʻe lahi ha ngaahi fāmili ne nau foua e mate vave ʻa ha mēmipa ʻo e fāmilí pe māvahevahe ʻi ha taimi lōloá. Naʻe lahi ha ngaahi ʻapi ʻAmelika ne nau akoʻi ʻenau fānau fefiné ʻi he ngaohi filó mo e tuituí, pea naʻe faikaumeʻa mo mali e toʻu tupú ʻi honau taʻu uofulu tupu siʻí.
ʻOku ʻikai faʻa fai ha tokanga fakahangatonu ia he ngaahi lekooti fakahisitōliá, ki he ngaahi meʻá ni mo ha ngaahi tōʻonga kehe pē ʻo e moʻui fakaʻaho ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití he taimi ko iá, pea ʻoku ʻikai ai ke nau maheni mo vāofi ai mo e kau laukonga ʻo e ʻaho ní. Ka naʻe hanga ʻe he ngaahi moʻui fakaʻaho mo e meʻa ne anga ki ai e taimi ko iá, ʻo fakafemoʻuekinaʻi e moʻui ʻa e Kāingalotú mo hono fai ʻenau filí. ʻOku kau he ngaahi tafaʻaki ʻo e moʻui fakaʻahó kuo liliu taha talu mei he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1800 tupú, ʻa e meʻa fakapaʻanga ʻa e fāmilí, moʻui lelei fakatāutahá, taimi ʻataá, fefonongaʻakí pea mo e fetuʻutakí.
Meʻa Fakapaʻanga ʻa e Fāmilí
Naʻe hanga ʻe he meʻa fakapaʻanga ʻa e fāmilí, ʻo fokotuʻutuʻu e ʻaho angamaheni maʻá e toʻu tangata ʻuluaki ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní. Koeʻuhí naʻe pīkinga ki ʻapi e founga hono maʻu e konga lahi ʻo e meʻa ne fie maʻú, ko ia naʻe fakafalala ai e kakaí ʻi honau fāmilí ke nau moʻui. Ne laka hake he peseti ʻe 90 ʻo e kau ʻAmelika he taimi ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá ne nau nofo ʻi ha ngaahi faama ʻi he feituʻu ʻutá, naʻa mo e ngaahi kolo lalahí ʻoku siʻisiʻi pē ia ʻi hono fakahoa mai ki he ʻaho ní—he naʻe toko 50,000 tupu pē e kakai ʻo Niu ʻIoke, Filatelifia, Pātimoa mo Pōsitoní he 1830. Ne anga ʻaki hono vahevahe pē ʻe he ngaahi fāmili ʻi ʻutá, e ngāué ki hono kau mēmipá, pea tokangaʻi pē ʻe he ongomātuʻá e tafaʻaki ki he meʻakaí mo e ngāue monomonó kae ʻoua kuo lava e fānaú ʻo kau mai ki ai.
Naʻe fie maʻu e ngoué ia ke fakataimitēpileʻi fakaʻaho mo fakafaʻahitaʻu. ʻI he mafoa e atá, ne faʻa kamata ai ʻe he kau mēmipa fefine ʻo e fāmilí e ngāue fakaʻapí, hangē ko e ngoue matalaʻi ʻakaú, ngaohi e meʻa fakaʻapi hangē ko e pata mo e siisi, ngaohi e filo ki he valá, monomono mo fō ʻo e valá pea ngaohi e meʻatokoní. Naʻe mavahe leva e kau mēmipa ʻo e fāmilí ke fai e ngaahi ngāue ʻi tuʻá, hangē ko hono tokangaʻi e fanga monumanú pe ngaahi ngāue fakatufunga, monomono talamu, fakalanu e kiliʻi manu mōmoá pea mo ha fanga kiʻi ngāue kehe pē. ʻI he malu efiafí, ne fakataha mai ha ngaahi fāmili lahi ki fale ʻo talanoa pe lau Tohi Tapu. Naʻe faʻa takitaha mohe ʻa e ongomātuʻá, tamaiki fefiné mo e tamaiki tangatá ʻi ha mohenga musie pe fulufuluʻi moa.
Naʻe hanga ʻe he vivili e fie maʻu fakapaʻanga ʻa e fāmilí, ʻo taki e fānau lalahi angé mo e kakai lalahi kei talavoú ke nau kumi ha hoa ne lavameʻá. ʻI he toe fakalahi e kakai ne tuʻumālie angé ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1800, naʻe lava ke tauʻatāina ange ai e ongo meʻa malí ke na fili e tokotaha te na mali mo iá, pea mo e taimi ke fai ai e malí. Naʻe hanga ʻe he fakautuutu e faikaumeʻá mo e fiefia ʻa e ongo meʻá, ʻo fetongi e hoko ʻa e tuʻunga pau ʻo e kāingá, ko e tefitoʻi ʻuhinga ke mali aí. Neongo naʻe malava ʻe he ongo meʻa malí ʻo lavameʻa ʻi he tokosiʻi pe hala he fānaú, ka naʻe faingataʻa fau ki ha taha kei tāutaha ia ke ne pukepuke e tōʻonga moʻui fakaengoué.
Naʻe fie maʻu ʻe he ngaahi mātuʻá ke tokoni kei iiki pē ʻenau fānaú ʻi ʻapi. ʻI he ngaahi toʻu tangata ki muʻá, ne kau he fatongia fakaemātuʻá ia hono kapusi e tōʻonga angakoví mei he fānaú, ʻaki hono tokangaʻi fefeka pea aʻu ki hano tautea taaʻi. ʻI he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1800 tupú, naʻe kamata leva ke mafuli e fakakaukaú, pea hoko e kei tupu haké ko ha taimi ke fakatupulaki ai e ʻulungaanga ʻo ha taha. Naʻe ʻikai ngata pē he tokoni ʻa e vaʻingá ki he fānau kei īkí ke nau fakahoko ai ʻenau ngāué mo femoʻuekina ai honau taimí, ka naʻe teuteuʻi foki ai kinautolu ke nau anga ki hono tali e ngaahi fatongia te nau fakahoko ʻi heʻenau hoko ʻo lalahí. Naʻe faʻa tokangaʻi ʻe he tamaiki fefiné ʻa e fanga kiʻi tamapuá kae vaʻinga ʻi tuʻa e tamaiki tangatá, ʻa ia ne faʻa fie maʻu ki ai e sino mālohí. ʻI heʻenau aʻu ʻo lalahí, naʻe mafuli leva ʻenau tokanga ki he fāmilí, ʻi heʻenau mali mo kamataʻi ha faama pe ngāue pē ʻanautolú.
Ko e ʻavalisí, naʻe feitama e ngaahi uaifi toki mali foʻoú ʻi loto he māhina ʻe 18 mei heʻenau malí. Naʻe hanga ʻe he feitamá mo e fāʻelé ʻo fakatahatahaʻi mai e kakai fefiné, tautautefito ki he kau māʻulí, kāingá mo e kaungāʻapí ke nau tokoniʻi e faʻeé. Naʻe faʻa ʻoange ʻe he kau māʻuli fakafeituʻú ha faitoʻo fakanatula ke fakanonga ʻaki e langá pe ko ha meʻa makehe ke fakalalahi ʻaki e langā teu fāʻelé, pea mo ne tokangaʻi hono fāʻeleʻi mai ʻo e pēpeé. Naʻe fehangahangai e faʻeé mo e pēpeé mo ha fakatuʻutāmaki lahi—pea ʻoku fakafuofua naʻe aʻu ʻo peseti ʻe 4 e tokolahi ʻo e kakai fefine ne mate lolotonga e fāʻelé, pea mate ʻa e pēpē ʻe taha mei he pēpē ʻe nima ʻi he ʻuluaki taʻú. Naʻe anga ʻaki ha tatali e ongomātuʻá ke fakahingoa ʻena fānaú, kae ʻoua ke hili ha ngaahi māhina siʻi mei hono fāʻeleʻi kinautolú.2
Moʻui Lelei Fakatāutahá
Hangē ko ha kau ʻAmelika tuʻufonua, naʻe tokanga lahi e fuofua Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ki he kaveinga ko e moʻui leleí. Ne lahi ha ngaahi meʻa fakafaitoʻo ne fakamoʻoniʻi ne ʻikai falalaʻanga, pea naʻe faʻa lahi e puke ʻa e tukui koló. Naʻe tupu mei he kovi ʻa e meʻakaí, vai ʻulí mo e ʻikai ke maʻá, e tō ʻa e toʻu mahaki langa keté, ʻa ia ko e mahaki ia ne lahi taha ʻene tō he kakai ne nofo ki ʻutá. Naʻe kau he maʻa fakatāutahá, ʻa e fanofanó mo e tafifafi e matá ʻaki e vaí, pea holo e ʻulí mei he sinó ʻaki ha konga tupenu pe tauveli. Naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi e koá ki he fufulu falé mo e fō e valá, kae ʻikai ko e kilí koeʻuhí ko e fuʻu mālohi e koá.
Naʻe hanga ʻe he nanamu ʻo e teʻe manú, falemālōlō ki tuʻá, pupuhaʻiá mo e fakapopó, ʻo nofoʻia e ʻū koló mo e sití foki, he naʻe toko siʻi pē kakai ne kaukauʻi maʻu pē honau sinó kotoa pea naʻe palopalema maʻu pē hono laku ʻo e vevé. Naʻe faʻa tanu ʻe he kau ngoué ʻenau vevé, kae tuku pē ʻe he kakai ʻi koló ia ʻenau vevé he halá ke kai ʻe he fanga puaka ne fakataka holó. Naʻe fakatou hanga ʻe he siʻisiʻi e moʻui fakamaʻa ʻa e kakaí mo e faingataʻa ke laku e vevé, ʻo fakavaveʻi e mafola ʻa e mahakí. Naʻe pau ke feʻunga mo ha senituli ʻe taha kimuʻa pea toki maʻu e ʻilo ki he fatongia ʻo e pekitīliá ʻi he mahakí, ʻo iku ai ki he mafola lahi ʻo e toe fakalakalaka ange ʻa e moʻui maʻá.
Naʻe fakautuutu foki mo e mahakiʻia ʻo e maʻamaʻá. Naʻe tokolahi ha kau ʻAmelika he senituli 19 ne nau tui ki he foʻi fakakaukau ko ia ʻoku konga ʻe fā e meʻa ʻokú ne tokangaʻi e sinó, pea ka ʻikai ke napangapangamālie ia, ʻoku hoko leva e puké. Naʻe ʻilolahia e fakakaukau ko ʻení, ko ia ko e faitoʻo lahi ne fai ki he mofí he konga kimuʻa ʻo e senituli 19 naʻe ui ko e toʻo totó, ko hano fakatafe ia e toto ʻo e tokotaha mahakí ki tuʻa kae lava ke toe napangapangamalie leva e sinó. Naʻe ʻikai faʻa fakatokangaʻi ʻe he kau toketaá mo e kau ngāue fakafaitoʻó ia ʻenau ʻai ke toe puke lahi ange ʻenau kau mahakí.
Lolotonga e ngaahi māhina he faʻahitaʻu māfaná, naʻe tufaki ai ʻe he namú e ngaahi mahaki hangē ko e malēliá mo e mofi engeengá. Naʻe puke e tangatá ʻi he mahakiʻia e halanga mānavá (influenza) mo e fatafata vaivaí, ʻi hono feʻaveʻaki holo e totó pea mo e fanga kiʻi manu iiki ne pipiki he efú. Naʻe hoko e ngaahi kolo lalahí ia ko e lataʻanga ʻo e ngaahi mahaki fakaʻauhá; meimei ko e vahe fā ʻe taha ʻo e kau mate ʻi Niu ʻIoke Siti ʻi he 1804, ko e puke pē he fatafata vaivaí. Naʻe hanga ʻe he huhu maluʻí ʻo taʻotaʻofi e puke he huhunú (smallpox), ka naʻe ilifia ha tokolahi he naʻe pau ke hoko e puke lahi mo e mate he foungá ni, pea naʻe fefaʻuhi e kau toketaá he taʻu lahi ke faitoʻo e kau mahaki ne momou ke ʻahiʻahi fakahoko ʻiate kinautolu ha faitoʻo foʻoú. Ne laka ange ki he tokolahi ia ke nau feingaʻi pē ha faitoʻo ʻi ʻapi pe ko ha faitoʻo ʻa e kaungāʻapí, kae ʻikai fakamaʻa ʻenau ʻū meʻangaohi kaí, faʻa kaukau pe ō ʻo sivi fakafaitoʻo.
Taimi ʻataá
Naʻe hanga ʻe he ngaahi fie maʻu ʻo e moʻui fakaʻahó, ʻo ʻai e ngāué ko e meʻa māʻolunga taha ia ke fakamuʻomuʻá, ka naʻe ʻi ai pē e ngaahi taimi ʻatā ʻo e ngaahi fāmilí. Ko e kau tuʻumālié pē mo e toʻu kei iiki ʻaupitó, naʻa nau fakafiefiemālie he nofo noaʻiá. Ko e toengá leva, naʻe hanga ʻe he tokanga fakalotu ki he fakatupu angahala ʻa e fiefiá, ʻo fakalalahi e tukupā fakalūkufua ke moʻui fakapotopoto mo faʻa ngāué. Naʻe faʻa hanga ʻe he taimi ʻataá ʻo toʻo e tokangá mei he ʻātakai ngāué, ki he meʻa hangē ko e tuli manú, kaimeʻakai mālōloó, mo ha fanga kiʻi vaʻinga pe sipoti mālōlō mei he ngāué.
Ko e konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi fāmili ngoué, ne nau ngāue he ʻaho ʻe ono he uike, mālōlō he Sāpaté ʻo lotu pe feohi ʻi ha ngaahi fakatahaʻanga pe fanga kiʻi fale faiʻanga fiefia he feituʻú. Naʻe hanga ʻe he tukui kolo ki ʻutá, ʻo faʻu ha fanga kiʻi kulupu ngāue ke langa e ʻū falé, fakaʻataʻatā ha konga kelekele pe ututaʻu e ngoué. Naʻe faʻa hoko ʻeni ko ha ngaahi faingamālie ke fiefia ai he hivá, hulohulá mo e talanoá. Naʻe anga e kau maʻulotú ia ki he ngaahi fakataha lōloá, ne fonu he ngaahi malanga mālié. Naʻe faʻa hanga ʻe he kau leá ʻo ʻai ke fetōʻaki honau leʻó mo e ngaue honau ongo nimá, ʻo hangē ia ha taha faivá kae ʻikai ko ha malanga pe taha lea anga ʻapasiá. Naʻe laulau houa e ngaahi fakataha ʻa e kakaí, kau ai e ngaahi lotu fakasiasí; pea ne hangē ia ha meʻa fakafiefiá.
Fefonongaʻakí
Ko e konga lahi ʻo e ʻuluaki toʻu-tangata ʻi he Siasí, hangē ko e kau ʻAmelika he kuonga ko iá, ne nau fononga lalo pē, heka hoosi, saliote pe folau vaka. Ne lōloa ange e fononga ʻa e kau faifekaú, ke nau aʻu ki he ngaahi konitinēniti kehé ʻi ha vaka, kae meimei ko ʻenau fefonongaʻaki fakaʻaho holó ko e lue lalo pē pea heka hoosi he taimi ʻe niʻihi. Naʻe feʻunga e ngaahi hala ʻi ʻAmelika Noaté ki he salioté, kae fou e hala fononga laló ia ʻi he vaotātaá mo e ngaahi feituʻu vaí, pea malava pē ke pulia ia kapau ʻe liliu e ʻeá he pō ko iá. Naʻe ʻikai saiʻia e kau ʻAmelika tuʻufonuá ia he fefonongaʻaki holo he faʻahitaʻu failaú, he naʻe pelepela e halá ia he taimi naʻe vaia ai e sinoú. Naʻe fakatuʻutāmaki maʻu pē ʻa e ngaahi vaitafé, tautefito ki Mīsuli mo e Potomekí, mo hona ngaahi vaitō taʻeʻamanekiná mo e ʻau mālohí, tukukehe pē ʻa e kau taukei he ʻaʻaló. Naʻe faʻa fakaʻaongaʻi lelei ʻe he kau fefonongaʻaki he faʻahitaʻu māfaná, e fanga kiʻi vaka lafalafá, ʻi he halanga vaka hangē ko e Kanali ʻEalií.
Naʻe kei hoko pē ʻa e fononga salioté ko e founga ia ki he fefonongaʻaki lōloá. Naʻe faʻa taulaniʻi ʻe ha fanga hoosi e ngaahi saliote uta pāsesé ʻi he ngaahi vahefonua nofoʻi ʻo ʻAmelika Noaté, ʻi ha totongi naʻe tātātaha ke lava ʻo fuesia ʻe ha konga lahi ʻo e kau fuofua Kāingalotu Siasí, ʻi heʻenau moʻuí. Naʻe faʻa fononga fakakongakonga e ʻū saliote uta pāsesé, mei he feituʻu ʻe taha ki he feituʻu ʻe taha, meimei ki he fale talitaliʻanga kakaí pe hōtelé. Naʻe fiefia e kau fefonongaʻakí he feliliuaki e meʻa ke vakai ki aí mo e ngaahi fakafiefia he efiafí, ka naʻe faʻa fakapipiko ia, ʻi hono fakahoa mai ki he founga fefonongaʻaki fakaeonopōní. Naʻe faʻa pau ke tokoni e kau pāsesé ki he kau fakaʻulí ʻi hono tekeʻi ha vaʻe naʻe fihia ha pelepela pea naʻe faʻa ilifia e fanga hōsí ia ʻo lele tavale, pea fie maʻu ai ke hanga ʻe he fakaʻulí ʻo mapuleʻi kinautolu pe tokoni ki he kau pāsesé ke nau puna mei he salioté. Ko e heka ko ia mei Positoni ki Palemaila ʻi Niu ʻIoké, ʻa ia ne maile ʻe 400, naʻe meimei uike ʻe ua kae toki aʻu.3
Fetuʻutakí
Naʻe hanga ʻe he founga fefonongaʻakí ʻo fakasiʻisiʻi e meʻa ʻe lava ke feʻaveʻaki holo he vaká pe saliote uta pāsesé. Naʻe fakafalala e founga feʻaveʻaki meili ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ki he ʻū saliote feʻaveʻaki meilí mo e “halanga feʻaveʻaki meilí,” ke feʻaveʻaki holo ai e ʻū tohí. Meimei ko e konga lahi e ngaahi ʻōfisi feʻaveʻaki meilí, naʻe tuʻu pē ia he tokelau-hahaké he ngaahi taʻu 1800, ka naʻe toe fakalahi mai ia he ngaahi taʻu lahi ka hokó, pea lava ai ke aʻutaki maʻu pē meilí ki he ngaahi tukuikolo he kauʻāfonua kehé he konga kimui ʻo e 1820 tupú ʻo fāi mai ai. Ne faʻa fetuʻutaki tohi pē ʻa e fuofua Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí, ʻo aʻu pē ki he taimi ne ʻosi lahi ai hono fakaʻaongaʻi e mīsini mākoní ʻi he konga loto ʻo e taʻu 1800.
Naʻe toe fai foki e fakafalala lahi ki he meʻa ne tohi ʻe he mītiá. Naʻe tafoki e kau laukongá ki he ngaahi nusipepá, makasiní, tohitufá mo e ʻū tohí ke maʻu mei ai ha ngaahi ongoongo mo ha fetohiʻaki. Naʻe aʻu e tuʻunga pōtoʻi he tohí mo e laukongá ki ha tuʻunga māʻolunga ʻaupito ʻi he vahaʻa taimi ko ʻení, pea naʻe kau ha konga lahi ʻo e kau ʻAmeliká ʻi he meʻa fakapolitikalé mo e tālanga fakapolitikalé ʻo fakafou he mītia ne pākí.
ʻOku tokoni ke tau ʻiloʻi e tuʻunga fakafaitoʻó mo e tekinolosia fetuʻutakí pea mo e ngaahi fie maʻu vivili ʻa e moʻui ʻi he tukuʻutá, ke toe mahino lelei ange ai kiate kitautolu e founga ngāue fakafaifekau ʻa e kau fuofua Kāingalotú, ʻenau founga langa honau koló pea mo e tūkunga ʻo e ngaahi fakahā ne maʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmitá. Neongo naʻe ʻikai faʻa ʻasi ha fakamatala ki ai, ka naʻe hanga ʻe he ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa ko ʻeni fekauʻaki mo e moʻui fakaʻahó, ʻo tākiekina lahi e tupulaki ʻa e Siasí he kamataʻangá pea mo e faifeinga ʻa e Kāingalotú ke tānaki fakataha mo langa hake ʻa Saioné.