Tefitó: Ngāue ki he Kelekele ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá

Ko e ngaahi fakahā ne tomuʻa fakahoko kia Siosefa Sāmita ʻo fekauʻi e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke nau fakataha mo langa ha ngaahi kolo iiki, kolo lalahi mo ha ngaahi temipalé. Naʻe fie maʻu ha paʻanga lahi ke fakahoko ʻaki e ngaahi ngāue ko ʻení, tautefito ki hono fakatau ʻo e kelekelé. Ne feinga ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ke tataki ha ngaahi ngāue ke fakakakato ʻaki e ngaahi fatongiá ni lolotonga ʻene kei hoko ko e Palesiteni ʻo e Siasí, ʻo ne fili ai ke kole ha paʻanga he naʻe kei siʻisiʻi pē ʻa e Siasí pea siʻi mo e ngaahi koloá. Naʻe hoko ʻa e tōlalo fakaʻekonōmika ʻi he konga kimui ʻo e 1830 tupú mo e konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1840 tupú ke toe faingataʻa ange ʻene totongi ʻa kinautolu ne nō mei ai ʻi ʻOhaioó. Hili ʻene hiki ki Mīsuli ʻi he taʻu 1838, naʻá ne ʻoange ki ha niʻihi ʻa e mafai ke hokohoko atu ʻa hono totongi ʻene ngaahi moʻua ʻi ʻOhaioó.

Naʻe vave pē hono tuli ʻo e Kāingalotú mei Mīsuli pea nau hiki ʻo nofo ʻi Nāvū, ʻIlinoisí. Ne hoko e fakamaau taʻe totonu ko ʻení ke ne tuli fakamālohiʻi kinautolu pea aʻu pē ki ha faingataʻa fakapaʻanga ʻi he mole meia Siosefa moe Kāingalotú ha fuʻu konga kelekele lahi ʻi Mīsuli ʻa ia ne nau fakatau ʻaki ha paʻanga. Naʻa nau kole ki he puleʻanga ʻIunaiteti Siteití ki ha tokoni fakapaʻanga ka naʻe ʻikai tali. ʻI he taimi tatau, naʻe aʻu mai ha lauiafe ʻo e kau papi ului mei he ngaahi misiona ʻo e Siasí, pea naʻe fie maʻu ʻe Siosefa ke tokoni ki he niʻihi ko ʻeni ʻoku ʻikai haʻanau ʻapí mo e ngaahi fāmili hiki maí ke maʻu ha kelekele mo ha ngaahi faingamālie ke nau tupulaki ai. ʻI he ʻuhinga ko ʻení, naʻá ne aleaʻi ai ʻi he taʻu 1839 ki he taʻu 1841 ke fakatau ha kelekele lahi ʻi ʻIlinosi, ʻa ia ko hono fakakātoá ne fakaofi ki he ʻeka ʻe 500.¹

Naʻe kau ki he ngaahi fakatau kelekele ko ʻení ha ngaahi faingataʻa fakapaʻanga mo fakalao. ʻI he malumalu ʻo e lao ʻi ʻIlinoisí, ʻe malava ha siasi ʻo maʻu ha kelekele ʻi hano fili ha tokotaha ke talāsiti ai ʻa e kelekelé maʻá e siasí. ʻI ha konifelenisi makehe ʻi Sānuali ʻo e taʻu 1841, naʻe fili ai ʻa Siosefa ko ha talāsiti ʻa e Siasí, ʻo ne maʻu ai ʻa e totonu fakalao ke ne tokangaʻi e ngaahi kelekele ʻa e Siasí. ʻI heʻene peheé, naʻe kamata ke ne liliu ha ngaahi kelekele naʻá ne maʻu fakalao kimuʻa ʻi hono hingoá kiate ia pē ko e talāsiti maʻá e Siasí.² Naʻe hā ngali ʻoku ʻikai mahino kia Siosefa, kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí, pe ko ʻenau kau fakafofonga laó ʻi hono toe fakatatau ko ia ki he laó, he ʻikai malava ke maʻu ʻe he ngaahi siasi ʻi ʻIlinoisí ha kelekele ʻoku laka ange hono lahí ʻi he ʻeka ʻe nimá.³

Naʻe kei hokohoko atu ʻa e mafasia ʻa Siosefa ʻi heʻene ngaahi moʻua fakataautahá. ʻI he taʻu 1841, naʻe kamata ngāue ʻaki ha lao foʻou naʻá ne fakangofua e kau noó, (ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai ngofua kimuʻa, ko e kautaha noó pē) ke fakahaaʻi ʻoku ʻikai malava ʻo totongi ʻenau ngaahi moʻuá. Naʻe vave ʻa hono maʻu ʻe he ngaahi fakamaauʻangá ha kole tokoni ki he ngaahi moʻuá. ʻI he faleʻi ʻa e kau loea ʻa Siosefá, naʻá ne fakaʻaongaʻi ai ʻa e faingamālié ke fakahaaʻi fakaʻofisiale ʻoku ʻikai malava ʻo toe totongi ʻene ngaahi moʻuá, kau ai e ngaahi moʻua fuoloa mei ʻOhaioó, ko ha alea lahi fakakelekele ʻi ʻIlinoisi, pea mo e toenga moʻua ʻi ha vaka sitima naʻe fakatau ʻe ha kau tangata pisinisi, ʻa ia naʻe maluʻi ʻe Siosefa honau moʻuá.⁴

ʻI he taʻu 1842, naʻe tukuakiʻi ʻi he nusipepá ʻe Sione C. Peneti ko ha mēmipa kimuʻa ʻo e Siasí pea ko ha tokotaha fakaanga ʻo e Siasí ʻo pehē naʻe faihala ʻa Siosefa ʻo liliu ha ngaahi koloa ki hono fāmilí pea mo e Siasí ke ʻoua naʻa lava ʻo fakatautuki ʻa e kelekelé ke totongi ʻa e ngaahi kautaha noó lolotonga e ngaahi ngāue ki he ngaahi moʻua ʻoku ʻikai malava ʻo totongí.⁵ Naʻe talanoaʻi ʻe he loea fakavahefonua ko Sasitini Patafili e ngaahi tukuakiʻí mo e faleʻi fakalao ʻa e Fale Paʻanga ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití, ʻa ia naʻá ne fakangofua ke fakaava hano fakatotoloʻi ʻo e ngaahi fehūʻaki fakapaʻanga ʻa Siosefá. Naʻe fakahū atu ʻe Patafili hano fakaʻikaiʻi ʻo e tohi kole ʻa Siosefa ki he ʻikai malava ʻo totongi ʻa e moʻuá, pea naʻe toloi ai ʻe he fakamaau fakavahefonuá ʻa e hopo ki hono fakahaaʻi he ʻikai lava ʻo totongi e moʻuá ʻi ha uike ʻe 11.⁶ Lolotonga e toloi ko iá, naʻe fakataha ʻa Patafili mo Siosefa Sāmita pea loto ke ne hoko ko ʻene loea lolotonga ha hopo ke ʻave ʻa e tokotaha faihiá ki hono feituʻu tupuʻangá.⁷ Hili ha ngaahi māhina siʻi, naʻe fai ʻe Patafili ha tohi ki he fakahinohino laó, ʻo fakahaaʻi ange ʻoku ʻikai palani ke fakafepakiʻi ʻa Siosefa ʻi heʻene taʻe malava ke totongi hono moʻuá makatuʻunga ʻi ha tukuakiʻi loi kae fakangofua ke hoko atu ʻa e kolé ʻi he ʻosi hono totongi ʻe Siosefa ʻa e moʻua ʻo e vaka sitimá.⁸

Naʻe tuʻu ʻa e ngaahi ngāue ki he ʻikai malava ʻo totongi ʻa e moʻuá ʻi he fakatuʻupakē ʻa e pekia ʻa Siosefa ʻi he 1844. Naʻe ongoʻi ʻe he uitou ko ʻEma Sāmitá ʻi he taimi pē ko iá ʻa e ngaahi teke mei he ngaahi kautaha noó ke totongi ʻa e moʻua ʻa Siosefá pea teke mo e Siasí ke fokotuʻu ha talāsiti taʻe toe tatali. Naʻe talanoaʻi lahi ʻa hono fehuʻia e meʻa fakapaʻanga ʻa Siosefá ʻi he ngaahi fuofua fakataha alēlea hili ʻa e pekia ʻa Siosefá. Kamata pē mei hono fili ko e talāsiti ʻi he taʻu 1841, naʻe kamata ke tokanga ange ʻa Siosefa ki hono fakamakehekeheʻi ʻene ngaahi meʻa fakapaʻangá mei he Siasí, ka naʻe kei fihi pē ʻa e ongo meʻá ni ʻi heʻene pekiá. Naʻe ʻikai felotoi ʻa e kau taki ʻo e Siasí mo e kāinga ʻo e fāmili Sāmitá, ʻi he ngaahi tafaʻaki ʻo e kelekele ʻo Siosefá, kau ai pe ko hai naʻe totonu ke ne totongi ʻa ʻene ngaahi moʻua ne kei toé. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻa nau iku kotoa pē ki hono hopoʻi pe ko hai ʻoku totonu ke ne fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ni ke fiemālie e ngaahi kautaha noó.⁹

Naʻe hikinimaʻi ʻi ʻAokosi 1844 ʻa Pīsope Niueli K. Uitenei mo Siaosi Mila ko e talāsiti maʻá e Siasí, pea naʻe kamata leva ke na fakatau atu e kelekele naʻe tauhi ʻe Siosefa maʻá e Siasí.¹⁰ Naʻe toe ngāue foki ʻa ʻEma ke maluʻi ha ngaahi koloa ke maluʻi ʻaki ia mo ʻene fānaú mei ha mole honau ʻapí. Naʻe mahuʻinga ʻaupito ʻa e fakaikiiki mo e ngaahi fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e kelekele ʻo Siosefá ki he kāinga ʻo e fāmili Sāmitá mo e kau taki ʻo e Siasí fakatouʻosi.¹¹

ʻI he taʻu 1850, naʻe fakaʻilo ai ʻe ha loea ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ke maʻu ha paʻanga ki he moʻua ʻo e vaka sitimá, ʻi hono fakatau atu ʻo e kelekele naʻe maʻu ʻe Siosefa Sāmitá. Naʻe tatau pē e lāunga ʻa e loeá mo ia naʻe fai ʻe Pēneti ʻi he ngaahi taʻu kimuʻa angé, ʻo pehē ne ʻave ʻe Siosefa ha kelekele ki he Siasí ʻi ha founga hala. Neongo ia, naʻe ʻikai ke maʻu ʻe he fakamāú ha faihala.¹² Naʻá ne lave ki he lao ʻi ʻIlinoisi ki hono fakangatangata ʻo e ʻeka kelekele ke maʻu ʻe ha siasí, pea naʻá ne pehē ʻe malava ke fakatau atu e konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi kelekeleke fakafoʻituitui ʻa Siosefá mo e talāsiti ʻa e Siasí ke totongi ʻaki e moʻua ʻo e vaka sitimá. Naʻe tuʻutuʻuni e fakamaauʻangá ke fakatau ʻa e kelekelé pea fili ha tokotaha taukei ki hono vakaiʻi ʻo e ngaahi kelekelé mo e mapé. Ne loto ʻa ʻEma ke tukuange ʻene tala ko e uitou ia ʻo Siosefá ki ha totonu ki he vahe tolu ʻe taha ʻo hono kelekelé (ʻuhingá te ne malava ʻo nofo pe lisi atu ʻa e kelekelé kae ʻikai fakatau atu pe ʻave ki ha taha ʻo ʻene fānaú) ke fakafetongi ʻaki ha vahe ono ʻe taha ʻo hono fakatau atu ʻo e kelekelé. Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe ha komisiona naʻe fakanofo ʻe he fakamāú ha fakatau tuki ʻe tolu pea tokangaʻi ʻa e totongi ʻo e ngaahi fakamatala ʻi he 1851 mo e 1852 ʻa ia naʻe ola lelei ai ʻa e ngaahi ngāue ki he kelekele ʻo Siosefa ʻi ʻIlinoisí. Naʻe hokohoko atu ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakakelekele ʻi ʻOhaiō mo ʻAiouaá ʻo aʻu ki he 1860 tupú.¹³

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻomai ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha toe fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau fakamoʻoniʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e kau faʻu tohí.

Dallin H. Oaks mo Joseph I. Bentley, “Joseph Smith and Legal Process: In the Wake of the Steamboat Nauvoo,” Brigham Young University Studies, vol. 19, no. 2 (Winter 1979), 167–99.

Joseph I. Bentley, “Suffering Shipwreck and Bankruptcy in 1842 and Beyond,” ʻi he Gordon A. Madsen, Jeffrey N. Walker, mo John W. Welch, eds., Sustaining the Law: Joseph Smith’s Legal Encounters (Provo, Utah: BYU Studies, 2014), 309–28.

“Volume 8 Introduction: Joseph Smith Documents from February through November 1841,” ʻi he Brent M. Rogers, Mason K. Allred, Gerrit J. Dirkmaat, mo Brett D. Dowdle, eds., Documents, Volume 8: February–November 1841. Vōl. 8 ʻo e Ngaahi Fakamatala hokohoko ʻa e The Joseph Smith Papers, liliu ʻe Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, Matthew C. Godfrey, mo R. Eric Smith (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2019), xix–xxxvi.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻaki: Deaths of Joseph and Hyrum Smith; Nauvoo (Commerce), Illinois; Succession of Church Leadership; Departure from Nauvoo

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. “Voliume 8 Talateu: Joseph Smith Documents from February through November 1841,” ʻi he Brent M. Rogers, Mason K. Allred, Gerrit J. Dirkmaat, mo Brett D. Dowdle, eds., Documents, Volume 8: February–November 1841. Vōl. 8 ʻo e Ngaahi Fakamatala hokohoko ʻa e The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, Matthew C. Godfrey, mo R. Eric Smith (Sōleki Siti: Church Historian’s Press, 2019), xxv.

2. Rogers mo e niʻihi kehe, eds., “Appointment as Trustee, 2 February 1841: Historical Introduction,” Ngaahi Fakamatala, Voliume 8, 4.

3. An Act Concerning Religious Societies [1 Mar. 1835], The Public and General Statute Laws of the State of Illinois (Chicago: Stephen F. Gale, 1839), 559, sec. 1; Joseph I. Bentley, “Suffering Shipwreck and Bankruptcy in 1842 and Beyond,” ʻi he Gordon A. Madsen, Jeffrey N. Walker, mo John W. Welch, eds., Sustaining the Law: Joseph Smith’s Legal Encounters (Polovo, ʻIutā: BYU Studies, 2014), 326.

4. Joseph Smith, “Deed to Emma Hale Smith, 13 June 1842,” josephsmithpapers.org; Bentley, “Suffering Shipwreck and Bankruptcy,” 315–20.

5. Naʻe angamaheni ʻaki ʻa e ʻikai taau ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e kelekele ne talāsití ki hono totongi ha ngaahi moʻua ʻi ha hopo ki he taʻe malava ʻo totongi ʻo e moʻuá.

6. Bentley, “Suffering Shipwreck and Bankruptcy,” 321–24.

7. Vakai Tefito: Missouri Extradition Attempts.

8. Tohi ʻa Justin Butterfield, kia Charles B. Penrose, 13 ʻOkatopa 1842, Records of the Solicitor of the Treasury, Church History Library. ʻOku taʻemahino pe naʻe tali nai ʻe he kau ngāue ʻa e puleʻangá ʻa e fokotuʻu ʻa Patafilí. Vakai, Bentley, “Suffering Shipwreck and Bankruptcy,” 323–24.

9. Matthew J. Grow, Ronald K. Esplin, Mark Ashurst-McGee, Gerrit J. Dirkmaat, mo Jeffrey D. Mahas, eds. Council of Fifty, Minutes, March 1844–January 1846. Vōl. 1 ʻo e Ngaahi Lekooti Fakataki hokohoko ʻo e The Joseph Smith Papers, liliu ʻe Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, mo Matthew C. Godfrey (Sōleki Siti: Church Historian’s Press, 2016), 482, note 90.

10. Vakai ki he Ngaahi Tefito: Succession of Church Leadership, Departure from Nauvoo. Vakai foki Glen M. Leonard, Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, A People of Promise (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2002), 558–62.

11. Naʻe ʻilo ʻoku ʻia Siosefa Sāmita ha kelekele kehe, pea naʻe toe faingataʻa ange ai ʻa e ngāue ki hono kelekele tonú. (Gordon A. Madsen, “Joseph Smith as Guardian: The Lawrence Estate Case,” Journal of Mormon History, vōl. 36, fika 3 [Faʻahitaʻu Māfana 2010], 172–211.)

12. Ki ha fakamatala fakaikiiki ʻo e ngāue ko ʻení, vakai, Dallin H. Oaks mo Joseph I. Bentley, “Joseph Smith and Legal Process: In the Wake of the Steamboat Nauvoo,” Brigham Young University Studies, vōl. 19, fika 2 (Faʻahitaʻu Momoko 1979), 192–99.

13. Bentley, “Suffering Shipwreck and Bankruptcy,” 325–28.