Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Ngaahi Houalotu Sākalamēnití

“Ngaahi Houalotu Sākalamēnití,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí

“Ngaahi Houalotu Sākalamēnití”

Ngaahi Houalotu Sākalamēnití

ʻI he taimi naʻe fokotuʻu ai e Siasí ʻi he 1830, naʻe fakahinohino ʻe ha fakahā kia Siosefa Sāmita ke “faʻa fakataha maʻu pē ʻa e siasí ke maʻu ʻa e maá mo e uainé, ko e fakamanatu ki he ʻEiki ko Sīsuú” pea mo fokotuʻu mai ko e fatongia ʻo e kaumātuʻá mo e taulaʻeikí ke nau tufaki e sākalamēnití ʻo hangē ko ia ʻoku fakamatalaʻi he Tohi ʻa Molomoná.1 Naʻe fakahoko ʻa e sākalamēnití ʻi he fuofua fakatahaʻanga ne fokotuʻu ai ʻa e Siasí ʻi he ʻaho 6 ʻo ʻEpeleli, 1830—ko ha ʻaho Tūsite—ʻi he ʻapi ʻo Pita Uitemā ko e Lahí ʻi he Kolo ko Feietí ʻi Niu ʻIoke.2

Naʻe ʻikai mahino he taimi ko iá ʻa e feituʻu mo e founga ʻoku totonu ke fakataha ai ʻa e Kāingalotú, pea naʻe ʻikai mahino mo e taimi pea pehē ki he founga pau ki hono tufaki ʻo e sākalamēnití. Talu mei he fuofua fakataha ko iá, naʻe feliliuaki ʻa e ngaahi founga kuo fakahoko ai ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻa e fekau ke nau fakataha ke maʻu ʻa e sākalamēnití ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi honau tūkungá mo e fakahinohino mei he kau taki ʻo e Siasí.

Fakataha Fakauiké

Neongo naʻe mahuʻingaʻia ha niʻihi tokolahi ʻo e kau Palotisani ʻAmelika ʻi he senituli 19 ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté, ka naʻe ʻikai ke nau maʻulotu kotoa. Ko e ngaahi siasi ʻe niʻihi, hangē ko e kau Pelesipiteliané mo e Siasi Fakatahatahá, naʻa nau angamaheni ʻaki ke lotu he ʻaho Sāpaté ʻi he ngaahi falelotú. Ko e ngaahi siasi kehé, hangē ko e siasi Metotisí, Papitaisó, pe ko kinautolu ne nau nofo taʻekau ki ha siasi paú, naʻa nau faʻa lotu pē ʻi honau ngaahi ʻapí, ʻalu ki ha ngaahi fakataha lotu fakakulupu iiki, pe kau ki he ngaahi lotu fakatokolahi ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu fakapuleʻangá.3

Ne ʻikai ha falelotu ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻi he kuonga muʻá, ko ia ne nau fakataha leva ke lotu, malanga mo hiva ʻi he taimi mo ha feituʻu pē te nau lavá. ʻI he kamataʻangá, naʻe ʻikai ke nau fakahoko fakauike ʻa e sākalamēnití, ka naʻa nau fai pē ia ʻi he ngaahi taimi hangē ko e konifelenisi fakakuata ʻa e Siasí mo e ngaahi fakataha hilifakinimá. ʻOku fakamatala ʻi he ngaahi lekooti ʻa e Siasí naʻe fuofua fakahoko ʻa e sākalamēniti fakauiké ʻi ʻAokosi ʻo e 1831, ʻi hano akoʻi ʻe ha fakahā ko e Kāingalotu “ʻoku tuʻu honau vaʻé ʻi he fonua ko Saioné”—ko e ʻuhinga ki Tauʻatāina, Mīsuli—ʻoku totonu ke nau “ʻalu ki he fale ʻo e lotú pea ʻohake ai [ʻenau] ngaahi ouau toputapu ʻi hoku ʻaho tapú.”4 Ka neongo ia, lolotonga ʻenau fakatuʻamelie ki hono langa ha fale ʻo e lotú, naʻa nau hokohoko atu ke kei fakataha pē ʻi ha ngaahi kulupu iiki ʻi he taimi faingamālié.5

ʻI he ʻosi hono langa ʻo e Temipale Ketilaní ʻi he 1836, naʻe fakahoko fakauike ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻa e sākalamēnití. Naʻe fakahoko ʻeni lolotonga ha ongo fakatahaʻanga ʻe ua ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté ʻa ia naʻe ʻatā ki he koló hono kotoa—ko e taha kimuʻa he taimi maʻu meʻatokoni hoʻataá pea taha leva ʻi he efiafí.6 Naʻe fakataha ʻa e Kāingalotú ʻi Nāvū ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté ʻi he ngaahi fakatahaʻanga naʻe fai ʻi tuʻá, naʻe laui afe ʻa e Kāingalotu naʻe faʻa kau ki aí.7 ʻI he ngaahi kolo iiki angé, naʻe faʻa fakataha maʻu pē ʻa e kau faifekaú mo e kāingalotú ʻi he ʻū tukui ʻapí ke fakahoko e ngaahi fakataha lotú, malangá, pea mo maʻu ʻa e sākalamēnití. Naʻe faʻa fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi fakataha ko ʻení ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté ka ko e taimi ʻe niʻihi ne fakahoko ia he lolotonga ʻo e uiké.8

ʻI he liliu ʻa e ngaahi tūkungá, naʻe liliu leva ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻenau ngaahi founga moihuú. Ko e ʻū ʻapisiasi naʻe langa ʻi ʻIutā ʻi he lolotonga e moʻui ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongí, naʻe ʻikai malava ke hao ki ai ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pē ʻi he taimi pē taha. Naʻe faʻa fakataha ʻa e kakai lalahí ʻi he ʻū fale ko ʻení ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté; pea ko e toʻu tupú mo e fānaú naʻa nau faʻa maʻu ʻa e sākalamēnití ʻi he ngaahi fakataha fakahoualotu ne fakahoko ʻi he lolotonga e uiké. ʻI he konga lahi ʻo e senituli 19, naʻe fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi houa ʻaukaí mo e fakamoʻoní ʻi he Tuʻapulelulu ʻuluaki ʻo e māhina kotoa. ʻI he lahi ange e ngaahi ʻapisiasi ne langá mo hono liliu e tokolahi ʻo e ngaahi uōtí ke feʻunga mo e lahi ʻo e ʻapisiasí, naʻe malava leva ke fakataha ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e toʻu kotoa pē ʻi he Sāpate kotoa.9

ʻI he 1980, naʻe fakatahaʻi ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻa e houalotu sākalamēnití, Lautohi Faka-Sāpaté, mo e kōlomú mo e ngaahi houalotú ki ha fakataha houa ʻe tolu ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté ke fakasiʻisiʻi ai e taimi fefonongaʻaki ʻa e kāingalotú. Ko e ngaahi fakataha ko ʻeni ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté kuo fakahoko ia ʻi ha ngaahi ʻaho makehe mei he Sāpaté he lolotonga ʻo e uiké ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he tūkunga ʻo e ngaahi fie maʻú. Hangē ko ʻení, ʻi he Hihifo Lotolotó kuo fakahoko ai ʻe he Siasí ʻa e ngaahi fakataha ʻo e ʻaho Sāpaté ʻi ha ʻaho Falaite pe Tokonaki pea fakahoko ʻi Hongo Kongo ʻa e ngaahi fakataha fakakoló (branch) ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho kehekehe ʻo e uiké ke faingamālie ki he kau ngāue ʻi tuʻapuleʻangá ke nau kau ʻi he ngaahi houalotu sākalamēnití.10

Ko e Sākalamēnití

Lolotonga e ʻalu ʻa Siosefa ke fakatau mai ha uaine ke fakaʻaongaʻi ki he sākalamēnití ʻi ha fakataha ʻi ʻAokosi 1830, naʻe hā mai ha talafekau fakalangi kiate ia ʻo fekau ke ngāue ʻaki pē e uaine naʻe ngaohi ʻe he kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ki he sākalamēnití.11 Naʻe toe akoʻi foki ʻe he ʻEikí ʻi he fakahā ko ʻení ʻo pehē “ʻoku ʻikai mahuʻinga pe ko e hā te mou kaí pe ko e hā te mou inú ʻi hoʻomou maʻu ʻa e sākalamēnití, ʻo kapau te mou fai ia ʻaki ʻa e mata ʻoku hanga taha pē ki hoku fakalāngilangiʻí.”12 ʻI he tauhi ʻa e Kāingalotú ki he fakahā ko ʻení, naʻa nau ngāue ʻaki ai ʻa e uaine naʻa nau ngaohí ki he ouaú: hangē ko ʻení, naʻe ʻomi ʻe ʻElisapeti Ane Uitenī, ko e uaifi ʻo Niueli K. Uitenií, ʻa e uaine naʻá ne ngaohi mei he fuamelie kulokulá ke fakaʻaongaʻi ki he sākalamēnití ʻi Ketilani.13 Naʻe fakaʻau pē ʻo fetongi ʻa e uaine sākalamēnití ʻaki ʻa e vai ʻi he toenga ʻo e senituli 19.14

Kuo kehekehe foki mo e lahi ʻo e mā naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ki he sākalamēnití ʻi ha ngaahi taimi. ʻI he ngaahi ouau mahuʻinga hangē ko hono fakatapui ʻo ha temipale lolotonga e senituli 19, naʻe faʻa maʻu ʻe he Kāingalotú ʻa e maá mo e uainé kae ʻoua kuo nau mākona, ʻo hangē ko ia ne fakamatalaʻi ʻi he 3 Nīfai.15 Naʻe manatu ʻa Nenisī Nāomi ʻAlekisanitā Tuleisī ki he taimi naʻe kātoangaʻi ai ʻa hono fakatapui ʻo e Temipale Ketilaní, naʻe ʻalu ʻa e kaumātuʻá “mei he fale ki he fale ke tāpuakiʻi ʻa e Kāingalotú mo tufaki ʻa e sākalamēnití. Naʻe fai ha kātoanga kai. Naʻe kau fakataha ha fāmili ʻe tolu pea naʻe fai ha kātoanga kai ʻi homau ʻapí. Ne lahi ʻaupito e mā ne mau taʻó.”16

ʻI he Siasí ʻi he kuonga muʻá, naʻe angamaheni ʻaki ke tāpuakiʻi ʻe he kakai tangatá ʻa e sākalamēnití kae ʻomi ʻe he kakai fefiné ʻa e maá, uainé mo e tupenu ʻufiʻufi tēpilé. Naʻe kamata ʻi 1870 tupú ʻa hono fakanofo ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻa e tamaiki tangata taʻu hongofulu tupú ki he Lakanga Taulaʻeiki Faka-ʻĒloné, pea naʻe tuku ki he kau akonakí mo e tīkoní ke nau fatongia ʻaki ʻa hono tufaki ʻo e ongo fakaʻilonga fakasākalamēnití ki he haʻofangá. Naʻe kei tāpuakiʻi pē ʻa e sākalamēnití ʻe he kau mēmipa ʻo e Pīsopelikí mo e kakai lalahi ne maʻu lakanga fakataulaʻeikí ʻo aʻu ki he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1900 tupú, ko e taimi ia ne kamata ai ke tāpuakiʻi ʻe he kau taulaʻeiki siʻí—ʻo ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he kakai lalahi ne maʻu lakanga fakataulaʻeikí—ʻa e maá mo e vaí.17 ʻI he 1950, naʻe fekauʻi ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ke foaki ki he kau akonakí ʻa e fatongia ki hono teuteuʻi ʻo e tēpile sākalamēnití.18

Ko hono tufaki ʻo e “ipu angamahení” ʻi he senituli 19

Ko ha tā tongitongi ʻoku hā ai ʻa hono tufaki ʻo e “ipu angamahení” lolotonga ha ouau sākalamēniti ʻi he Tāpanekalé ʻi Soleki Siti he senituli 19.

Naʻe kamata ʻi he 1911 ʻa hono fetongi e “ipu angamaheni” ʻo e uainé pe vaí naʻe faʻa tufaki ki he haʻofangá ʻaki ʻa e fanga kiʻi ipu iiki ki he sākalamēnití, koeʻuhí ke tauhi e maʻá mo e moʻui leleí.19 ʻI he 1946, naʻe loto-hohaʻa ʻa e Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí naʻa hoko e tukufakaholo ʻo hono fai fakataha ʻo e lotú mo e hivá ʻi he taimi pē tahá ke hohaʻasi ai e ouau sākalamēnití, naʻa nau fekauʻi ai ʻa e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ke nau loto-ʻapasia mo fakalaulauloto fakalongolongo lolotonga hono fakahoko e ouaú.20

ouau sākalamēnití he kuongá ni

Ko e maʻu ʻe ha haʻofanga ʻo e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí he kuongá ni ʻa e sākalamēnití.

Naʻe akoʻi ʻe ʻEletā Tāleni H. ʻOakesi ʻi he 2008 ʻo pehē, “ʻOku hanga ʻe he ouau ʻo e sākalamēnití ʻo ʻai ke hoko ʻa e houalotu sākalamēnití ko e fakatahaʻanga toputapu mo mahuʻinga taha ia ʻi he Siasí.”21 ʻI he 2015, naʻe talaki ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ke fakatefito e fakamamafa ʻo e lotu ʻi he ʻaho Sāpaté ki he maʻu ʻo e sākalamēniti ʻo e ʻOhomohe ʻa e ʻEikí.22

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Wards and Stakes [Uōtí mo e Siteikí], School of the Prophets [Akoʻanga ʻo e Kau Palōfitá]

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

  1. “Articles and Covenants, circa April 1830 [DC 20],” in Revelation Book 1, 57, josephsmithpapers.org; naʻe fakatonutonu ʻa e sipelá.

  2. “Part 3: April–September 1830,” in Michael Hubbard MacKay, Gerrit J. Dirkmaat, Grant Underwood, Robert J. Woodford, and William G. Hartley, eds., Documents, Volume 1: July 1828–June 1831. Vol. 1 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Dean C. Jessee, Ronald K. Esplin, Richard Lyman Bushman, and Matthew J. Grow (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2013), 113, josephsmithpapers.org; “Revelation, 6 April 1830 [DC 21],” Historical Introduction, in Revelation Book 1, 28.

  3. Roger Finke and Rodney Stark, The Churching of America, 1776–1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1992), 54–108; William G. Hartley, “Mormon Sundays,” in My Fellow Servants: Essays on the History of the Priesthood (Provo, Utah: BYU Studies, 2010), 343–54.

  4. “Revelation, 7 August 1831 [DC 59],” in Newel K. Whitney, Papers, josephsmithpapers.org; naʻe fakatonutonu ʻa e sipelá.

  5. Lolotonga e kole ʻe Hailame Sāmita ha paʻanga tokoni ki hono fakaʻosi ʻo e Temipale Nāvuú, naʻá ne talaange ki he Kāingalotú ʻi he taimi te nau lava ai ʻo maʻu fakauike ʻa e sākalamēnití ʻi he temipale kuo ʻosi hono langá, ʻe “matafi atu ha faingataʻa lahi” meiate kinautolu ʻaki hano ʻomi ʻo e Laumālie ʻo e ʻOtuá ki honau lotó. “Conference Minutes,” Times and Seasons, vol. 5, no. 14 (Aug. 1, 1844), 596–97; Justin R. Bray, “The Lord’s Supper in Early Mormonism,” in Scott C. Esplin, Richard O. Cowan, and Rachel Cope, eds., You Shall Have My Word: Exploring the Text of the Doctrine and Covenants (Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2012), 68–69.

  6. Bray, “The Lord’s Supper in Early Mormonism,” 69; Hartley, “Mormon Sundays,” 343–45.

  7. Hartley, “Mormon Sundays,” 345.

  8. M. Teresa Baer, “Charting the Missionary Work of William E. McLellin: A Content Analysis,” in The Journals of William E. McLellin, 1831–1836, ed. Jan Shipps and John W. Welch (Urbana: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 379–405.

  9. William G. Hartley, “Common People: Church Activity during the Brigham Young Era,” in My Fellow Servants, 423, 436; Hartley, “Mormon Sundays,” 348–49.

  10. “Church Consolidates Meeting Schedules,” Ensign, Mar. 1980, 73–78; Gerry Avant, “Elder Holland Dedicates Stake Center in the Middle East,” Church News, Mar. 5, 2013; “Jerusalem Center: LDS Church Services,” BYU Continuing Education, jerusalemcenter.ce.byu.edu; Emily W. Jensen, “LDS Church meetings held every day of the week in Hong Kong,” Deseret News, Apr. 11, 2014.

  11. Joseph Smith, “History, 1838–1856, volume A-1 [23 December 1805–30 August 1834],” 51; “Part 3: April–September 1830,” in Documents, Volume 1, 115–16, josephsmithpapers.org.

  12. “Revelation, circa August 1830 [DC 27],” in Revelation Book 1, 35.

  13. Elizabeth Ann Whitney, “A Leaf from an Autobiography,” Woman’s Exponent, vol. 7, no. 9 (Oct. 1, 1878), 71.

  14. Bray, “The Lord’s Supper in Early Mormonism,” 66.

  15. Vakai, 3 Nīfai 18:1–9. Naʻe pakipaki foki ʻe Siosefa Sāmita ʻa e maá ʻo fakatatau ki he “founga ʻi he kuonga muʻá” ʻi he Akoʻanga ʻo e Kau Palōfitá. Naʻe manatu ʻa Sēpeti Kolotilini ki hono tāpuakiʻi ʻe he Palōfitá ʻa e ongo fakaʻilongá, peá ne pakipaki leva ʻa e mā mafana ne toki mohó ke lahi tatau mo hono tukeʻinimá peá ne fakaafeʻi ʻa e kau tangatá, ʻa ia ne nau taki taha ha ipu uaine, ke nau kai kae ʻoua kuo nau mākona. Vakai, Salt Lake School of the Prophets, Minutes, Oct. 3, 1883, 58–59, Church History Library, Salt Lake City. Naʻe pehē ʻe Siaosi Q. Kēnoni ʻi he 1897, ko e meʻapangó naʻe hoko e tokolahi ange e fakatahaʻangá ke liliu ai hono tufaki ʻo e sākalamēnití, ʻo hangē ko ia ʻoku fakamoʻoniʻi ʻi he iiki ange ʻa e kongokonga maá mo e founga hono tufaki ʻi he haʻofangá. Vakai, Cannon, “Editorial Thoughts,” Juvenile Instructor, Jan. 15, 1897, 52–53; quoted in Bray, “The Lord’s Supper in Early Mormonism,” 64.

  16. Nancy Naomi Alexander Tracy, Life History of Nancy Naomi Alexander Tracy Written by Herself, 1885, typescript, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; quoted in Kristine Wright, “‘We Baked a Lot of Bread’: Reconceptualizing Mormon Women and Ritual Objects,” in Kate Holbrook and Matt Bowman, eds., Women and Mormonism: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2016), 85.

  17. Charles W. Penrose, “The Sacrament of the Lord’s Super,” Journal History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Dec. 3, 1908, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; Bray, “The Lord’s Supper in Early Mormonism,” 67–68; vakai foki, Hartley, “Mormon Sundays,” 348–49; Hartley, “Common People,” 423–28, 433–36.

  18. “Teachers to Prepare Sacrament Table,” Church News, Apr. 2, 1950, 11. Kimuʻa pea hoko ʻení, naʻe tokoni e kāingalotu kehe ʻo e uōtí, kau ai ʻa e kakai fefiné, ki hono teuteuʻi ʻo e tēpilé. Vakai, William G. Hartley, “From Men to Boys: LDS Aaronic Priesthood Offices, 1829–1996,” in My Fellow Servants, 70.

  19. Justin R. Bray, “The Lord’s Supper during the Progressive Era, 1890–1930,” Journal of Mormon History, vol. 38, no. 4 (Fall 2012), 89–104.

  20. Hartley, “Mormon Sundays,” 351.

  21. Dallin H. Oaks, “Houalotu Sākalamēnití mo e Sākalamēnití,” Ensign pe Liahona, Nōv. 2008, 17.

  22. “Church Leaders Call for Better Observance of Sabbath Day,” Church News, July 15, 2015, news.lds.org.