Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú

“Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí

“Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú”

Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú

ʻI Sepitema ʻo e 1857, naʻe ʻākoloʻi ai ʻe ha kulupu ngāue fakakautau ʻa ia ko ha Kāingalotu kotoa kinautolu ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo ʻIutaá, fakataha mo ha kau ʻInitia Kula ne nau fakakau mai, ha lēlue ne uta ai ha kau hikifonua ne nau fononga mai mei ʻAkenisoa ki Kalefōnia. Naʻe fakahoko ʻe he kau ngāue fakakautau ko ʻení ha fakapō fakatokolahi, ʻo tamateʻi ai ha toko 120 ko ha kakai tangata, fefine, mo e fānau ʻi ha teleʻa naʻe ʻiloa ko e Moʻunga Mētoú. Ko ha fānau iiki pē ʻe toko 17—ko kinautolu ia naʻe pehē ne nau fuʻu kei siʻi ke nau lava ʻo tala ʻa e meʻa naʻe hokó—naʻe fakahaofí. Mahalo ko e meʻa fakalilifu taha ʻeni naʻe hoko ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí.

Naʻe tūʻuta ʻa e lēlue ko ʻení ʻi he Vahefonua ʻIutaá ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo ha kuonga ʻo e “liliu lotu” ʻi he Siasí. Ne hohaʻa ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi mo e kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí koeʻuhí ko e fakafiefiemālie fakalaumālié, ne nau fakahoko leva ha ngaahi malanga ʻa ia ne nau ui ai ki he Kāingalotú ke nau fakatomala mo fakafoʻou ʻenau ngaahi tukupā fakalaumālié.1 Lolotonga e taimi ʻo e liliu lotú, naʻe malanga ʻaki ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi mo hono tokoni ko Setetaia M. Kalānité, mo ha kau taki kehe ha ngaahi lea mālohi ke fakatokanga kau ki he ngaahi kovi ʻo e faiangahalá mo e niʻihi kuo nau fakamavaheʻi kinautolu [mei he Siasí] pe fakafepaki ki he Siasí.2 Ne hoko ʻa e faʻahinga malanga peheé ke fakalalahi ai ʻa e tōkehekehe ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Kāingalotú mo honau ngaahi kaungāʻapi tokosiʻi ʻi ʻIutaá, kau ai ha kau ʻōfisa ne fili fakapuleʻanga.

Naʻe fakalalahi ʻa e fefūsiaki ko ʻení ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1857 ʻi he taimi naʻe maʻu ai ʻe he palesiteni ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití, Sēmisi Piukēnani, ha ngaahi lipooti mei ha niʻihi ʻo e kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻanga ʻi ʻIutaá ʻo tukuakiʻi naʻe fakafepaki ʻa Kōvana Pilikihami ʻIongi mo e Kāingalotu ʻi he vahefonuá ki he mafai ʻo e puleʻangá. Naʻe hanga ʻe ha tohi naʻe fakaʻaongaʻi ai ha ngaahi lea kakaha mei he falealea ʻo ʻIutaá (ko e tokolahi ʻo kinautolu ko ha Kāingalotu) ki he kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻangá ʻo nau pehē ai naʻe moʻoni ʻa e ngaahi lipōtí. Naʻe fakakaukau leva ʻa Palesiteni Piukēnani ke fetongi ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi hono lakanga ko e kōvaná peá ne fekauʻi atu leva ha kau tau ki ʻIutā ke nau fakafeʻao ʻa hono fetongí, ʻa ia naʻe hoko ai ʻa e meʻa naʻe ʻiloa ko e Tau ʻa ʻIutaá.

Naʻe tailiili ai e Kāingalotú ʻi he omi ʻa e kau taú—naʻe fakafuofua ki ha toko 1,500 tupu, mo ha niʻihi tokolahi ange ʻe muiaki mai—naʻa toe ʻohofi ʻa Mīsuli mo ʻIlinoisi pea toe tuli fakamālohiʻi ai kinautolu mei honau ngaahi ʻapí. ʻIkai ngata aí, naʻe fakapoongi ʻa Paʻale P. Pālati, ko ha mēmipa ʻo e Kōlomu ʻo e Kau ʻAposetolo ʻe Toko Hongofulu Mā Uá, ʻi ʻĀkenisoa ʻi Mē 1857.3 Hili ha ngaahi uike mei ai ne aʻutaki mai ki ʻIutā ʻa e ongoongo ʻo e fakapoó—kae pehē ki ha ngaahi fakamatala ʻi he nusipepá ʻoku fakafiefiaʻi ʻe he fakahahake ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻa e hia ko iá. ʻI he hoko ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ko ʻení, naʻe fanongonongo ai ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ke puleʻi fakakautau ʻa e vahefonuá, ʻo tuʻutuʻuni ki he kau faifekaú mo e kakai ne nofo ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu mamaʻó ke nau foki mai ki ʻIutā, pea fakahinohino ha ngaahi tokateu ke matatali ʻa e kau taú. Naʻe tokoni ʻa e malanga fakahangatonu ʻa Palesiteni ʻIongi mo e kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí, fakataha mo e teuaki e tūʻuta ha kau taú, ke fakatupu ai ha ʻātakai ʻo e tailiili mo e huʻuhuʻu ʻi ʻIutā.4

Naʻe fokotuʻu ʻe he ngaahi fāmili hikifonua mai mei ʻĀkenisoá ha kau fononga ne tataki ʻe ʻAlekisanitā Fenisā mo Sione Peika. ʻI he fononga atu ʻa e lēlué ʻo fou ʻi Sōleki Sití, naʻe fakafekiki ʻa e kau hikifonuá mo e Kāingalotu fakalotofonuá pe ko e fē feituʻu ʻe hiki ki ai ʻenau fanga pulú. Naʻe ʻita ha niʻihi ʻo e kau heka lēlué koeʻuhí ne faingataʻa ke nau fakatau mai ha kēleni mo ha ngaahi naunau kehe naʻe fuʻu fie maʻu mei he he kau kakai ʻo e koló ʻa ia ne tuʻutuʻuni ke fakahaofi ʻenau kēlení ki he taimi ʻe hoko ai ha fakatamakí. ʻI he fuʻu loto-mamahi ʻa e kau hikifonuá, ne nau fakamanamana ai te nau faʻahi mo e kau tau ʻoku teu ke omí ke tauʻi ʻa e Kāingalotú.5

Neongo naʻe tukunoaʻi ʻe ha Kāingalotu ʻe niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi fakamanamana ko ʻení, ka naʻe taukaveʻi ʻe ha kau taki kehe ʻo e Siasí mo ha kau mēmipa ʻi Sita Siti, ʻIutā ʻa e fetāʻakí. Naʻe fekau ʻe ʻAisake C. Haiti, ko ha palesiteni fakasiteiki mo ha taki fakakautau, ʻa Sione D. Lī, ko ha mēsia fakakautau ke ne taki ha ʻohofi ʻo e kau hikifonua maí. ʻI he taimi naʻe lipooti ai ʻe he palesitení ʻa e palaní ki heʻene fakataha alēleá, naʻe taʻeloto ʻa e kau taki kehé pea ne nau kole ke ne taʻofi ʻa e ʻohofí kae fekau ha taha talafekau ke ne heka fakavavevave ʻi ha hoosi kia Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻi Sōleki Siti ke ʻomi ha fakahinohino. Ka naʻe fakahoko ʻe he kau tangata naʻe fekau ʻe Haiti ke nau ʻohofi ʻa e kau hikifonuá ʻa e palaní kimuʻa pea nau toki maʻu ʻa e fekau ke ʻoua naʻa fai ʻa e ʻohofí. Naʻe fakafepaki ʻa e kau hikifonuá, pea hoko ai ha feʻohofaki.

Hili ha ngaahi ʻaho mei ai, naʻe fakalalahi e meʻa naʻe hokó, pea naʻe palani leva ʻe he Kāingalotu ne nau kau ʻi he kau taú ke nau fakahoko ha fakapō fakatokolahi. Naʻa nau fakataueleʻi ʻa e kau hikifonuá ke nau mavahe mai mei heʻenau ngaahi saliote kuo tuʻu takatakaí ʻaki ha fuka hinehina ke pehē kuo nau tukulolo pea ʻi he tokoni ʻa e kau ʻInitia Paiuti ne nau fakakau maí, ne nau fakapoongi leva kinautolu. ʻI he vahaʻa ʻo e ʻuluaki ʻohofí mo e fakapō fakaʻosí, naʻe tamateʻi ai ha toko 120. Naʻe foki mai ʻa e tokotaha talafekau fakavavevavé ʻi ha ʻaho ʻe ua hili e fakapō fakatokolahí. Naʻá ne haʻu mo ha tohi meia Pilikihami ʻIongi ne tala ai ki he kau taki fakalotofonuá ke “ʻoua naʻa kaunoa” ʻi he kau hikifonua maí pea tuku ke nau fononga atu ʻi he melino ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo ʻIutaá.6 Naʻe feinga ʻa e kau taú ke fufuuʻi ʻa e hiá ʻaki hano tukuakiʻi kakato ʻa e kau Paiuti fakalotofonuá, ko ha niʻihi ʻo kinautolu ko ha kāingalotu foki ʻo e Siasí.

Naʻe iku ʻo tuʻusi ha Kāingalotu ʻe toko ua mei he Siasí koeʻuhi ko ʻena kau he fakapoó, pea naʻe talatalaakiʻi leva ʻe ha fakamaauʻanga sula naʻe kau ai ha Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ha kau tangata ʻe toko hiva. Ko ha toko taha pē naʻe fakahalaiaʻi mo fakapoongi ki he hiá, ko Sione D. Lī, ʻa ia naʻe tafunaki ai ha ngaahi tukuakiʻi hala ne tuʻutuʻuni ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi ʻa e fakapō fakatokolahí.7

ʻI he konga kimuʻa ʻo e taʻu 2000 tupú, naʻe feinga tōtōivi ai ʻa e Siasí ke ʻiloʻi e meʻa kotoa pē fekauʻaki mo e fakapō fakatokolahí. Naʻe hakule ʻe he kau faihisitōlia ʻo e Potungāue Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí ʻi he ʻākaivi ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ki ha ngaahi lekooti fakahisitōlia; naʻe siofi fakaʻauliliki foki mo e lekooti kotoa pē ʻa e Siasí ʻi he fakapō fakatokolahí. Naʻe iku ai ʻo pulusi ʻe he Oxford University Press ʻi he 2008 ha tohi ʻa e kau faʻu tohi ko Lānolo W. Uoka, Lisiate E. Teli Jr., mo Kēleni M. Leonati ʻa ia ne nau aofangatuku ai neongo ne hoko hono malangaʻi mālohi ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi, Siaosi A. Sāmita, mo ha kau taki kehe fekauʻaki mo e kakai mei tuʻá ke fakalalahi ai ʻa e fakafepakí, ka naʻe ʻikai ke tuʻutuʻuni ʻe ʻIongi ʻa e fakapō fakatokolahí. Ka naʻe tupu ha hohaʻa lahi mei he fakafekiki ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo ha niʻihi ʻi he lēlué mo e niʻihi ne nau nofo ʻi he fakatonga ʻo ʻIutaá, kae tautautefito ki he puipuituʻa ʻo e Tau ʻa ʻIutaá mo e ngaahi ʻahiʻahi kehe ne hokó. Ne hoko ha ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakamamahi ne fai ʻe ha kau taki fakalotofonua ʻo e Siasí—ʻa ia ne nau maʻu foki ha ngaahi fatongia mahuʻinga fakaetaki ʻi he puleʻangá mo e fakakautau ʻi he fakatonga ʻo ʻIutaá—ke tupu ai ʻa e fakapō fakatokolahí.8

ʻI he 1990, naʻe kau atu ai ha kāinga ʻo e kau hikifonua ʻAkenisoá mo ha kau fakafofonga mei he Puleʻanga Paiutí, Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ʻoku nau nofo ʻi he fakatonga ʻo ʻIutaá, mo e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi hono fakatapui ha fakamanatu ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú. Naʻe puke ʻe Lēkisi E. Lī, ko e palesiteni ʻo e ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí pea ko ha hako ʻo Sione D. Lī, ʻa e nima ʻo e hako ʻo kinautolu ne mālōlō he fakapō fakatokolahí ʻo ne fakamālō kiate kinautolu ʻi “hoʻomou anga faka-Kalaisi ʻo loto-fiemālie ke fakamolemoleʻí.”9 ʻI he fakamanatua ʻo e taʻu ʻe 150 ʻo e fakapō fakatokolahí, naʻe akoʻi ai ʻe Palesiteni Henelī B. ʻAealingi, “ʻOku ʻikai ke poupouʻi ʻe he ongoongolelei ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻoku tau tui ki aí, ʻa hono fakapoongi taʻe ʻuhinga ha kakai tangata, fafine, mo e fānau. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻokú ne taukaveʻi e melinó mo e faʻa fakamolemolé. ʻOku fakafofongaʻi ʻe he meʻa ko ia ne fakahoko fuoloa ʻe ha kāingalotu hotau Siasí, ha fehalaaki fakamamahi mo ʻikai fakatonuhiaʻi he ʻoku fehangahangai ia mo e akonaki mo e ʻulungaanga faka-Kalisitiané.”10

Maka Fakamanatu ʻo e Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú

Maka Fakamanatu ʻi he feituʻu Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú.

Maʻuʻanga fakamatalá

  1. Vakai ki he Tefito: Reformation of 1856–57. Vakai foki ki he Paul H. Peterson, “The Mormon Reformation of 1856–1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality,” Journal of Mormon History, voliume 15 (1989), 59–87.

  2. Vakai ki ha sīpinga ʻi he, Brigham Young, ʻi he Journal of Discourses, 4:53–54; mo e Heber C. Kimball, ʻi he Journal of Discourses, 7:16–21.

  3. ʻI he fakapoongi ʻo Paʻale P. Pālatí, vakai ki he Terryl L. Givens mo Matthew J. Grow, Parley P. Pratt: The Apostle Paul of Mormonism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 366–91; ki he felāveʻi ʻo e ongoongo ʻo e fakapoó mo e fakapō fakatokolahí, vakai ki he Richard E. Turley Jr., “The Murder of Parley P. Pratt and the Mountain Meadows Massacre,” in Gregory K. Armstrong, Matthew J. Grow, and Dennis J. Siler, eds., Parley P. Pratt and the Making of Mormonism (Norman, Oklahoma: Arthur H. Clark Company, 2011), 297–313.

  4. ʻI he Tau ʻa ʻIutaá, vakai ki he William P. MacKinnon, ed., At Sword’s Point, Part 1: A Documentary History of the Utah War to 1858 (Norman, Oklahoma: Arthur H. Clark Company, 2008); mo e Matthew J. Grow, “Liberty to the Downtrodden”: Thomas L. Kane, Romantic Reformer (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 149–206.

  5. Ko e niʻihi ʻo e fanga pulu naʻe omi mo e kau hikifonuá ne nau mate ʻi he halanga ʻIutaá, ʻo toe fakalalahi ange ai ʻenau ongoʻi loto mamahí (vakai ki he Richard E. Turley Jr., “The Mountain Meadows Massacre,” Ensign, Sept. 2007, 14–18).

  6. Tohi ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi kia ʻAisake C. Haiti, Sept. 10, 1857, Letterbook, vol. 3, 1857 August 15–1858 January 6, 827–28, Brigham Young Office Files, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

  7. Ronald W. Walker, Richard E. Turley Jr., mo Glen M. Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 228–29.

  8. Walker, Turley, mo Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows. Kuo lahi e tohi fekauʻaki mo e Fakapō Fakatokolahi ʻi he Moʻunga Mētoú. Ko ha fakatotolo mālie ʻe taha ko e Juanita Brooks, The Mountain Meadows Massacre (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1950). Vakai foki ki he Richard E. Turley Jr., “The Mountain Meadows Massacre,” Ensign, Sepitema 2007, 14–21; mo e BYU Studies, vol. 47, no. 3 (2008), ko ha tohi makehe fekauʻaki mo e kaveingá, maʻu atu ʻi he byustudies.byu.edu.

  9. Anne Marie Gardner, “Forgiveness Highlights Meadow Dedication,” The Salt Lake Tribune, Sept. 16, 1990, 16B.

  10. Henry B. Eyring, “150th Anniversary of Mountain Meadows Massacre,” MormonNewsroom.org.