Ngaahi Feinga ke Tuli mei Mīsulí

Hili e fepaki fakakautau ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kau Māmongá mo e kakai kehe ʻo Mīsulí ʻi he faʻahitaʻu fakatōlau ʻo e 1838, naʻe tokolahi ha kau taki ʻo e Siasí, kau ai ʻa Siosefa Sāmita, naʻe puke ʻo tuku pōpula ki ha ngaahi tukuakiʻi kehekehe. Ka neongo iá, naʻe ʻikai fakaʻilo ʻa e ngaahi ngāue pango naʻe fai ki he Kāingalotú. Naʻe tui ʻa Siosefa mo e Kāingalotu ʻo e Siasí ko e ngaahi meʻa naʻe tukuakiʻi ki ai kinautolú ko ha faʻahinga fakatanga fakalao ia naʻe fakataumuʻa ke fakamamahiʻi kinautolu ʻo aʻu ki hono tuli ʻo e Kāingalotú mei he vahefonuá.

ʻI ʻEpeleli ʻo e 1839, naʻe hanga ʻe ha fakamaauʻanga sula ʻi Mīsuli ʻo tukuakiʻi ʻa Siosefa Sāmita mo e ni’ihi kehé ki he fakamoveuveu, talisone, kaihaʻa, maʻu e koloa kaihaʻa, mo e tutututu—ko e ngaahi hia ne pehē ne fakahoko lolotonga e Tau ʻa e Māmongá mo Mīsuli ʻi he taʻu kimuʻá. ʻI he hopo ko ʻení, naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ʻe he fakamaau pulé ke liliu ʻa e feituʻu ke fai ki ai ʻa e hopó pea fekau ke ʻave ʻa e kau pōpulá ki Kolomupia, ʻi he Vahefonua Puní ke fai ai ʻenau hopo fakaʻosí. Lolotonga hono fakafononga kinautolu ki he hopó, naʻe tokoniʻi ʻe ha taha ʻo e kau leʻó ʻa Siosefa mo ʻene kau fonongá ke nau hola ki ʻIlinoisi, ko e feituʻu ia ne kumi hūfanga ai e konga lahi ʻo e Kāingalotú.¹ Mei he 1840 ki he 1843, naʻe ngāue ʻa e kau ngāue fakapuleʻanga ʻo e vahefonua Mīsulí ke ʻomi fakapuleʻanga ʻa Siosefa (fakamālohiʻi fakalao ke ne foki ki Mīsuli) ke fakamaauʻi ia. Naʻá ne fakakikihi naʻe teʻeki ke ngāue ʻa e puleʻangá ʻo fakatatau mo e founga totonu ʻo e laó pea naʻá ne tui naʻe feinga hono ngaahi filí ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e founga fakalaó ke fai ʻaki siʻono fakapoongi iá.²

Hili ha taʻu ʻe taha mei he hola ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ki ʻIlinoisí, naʻe ʻave ʻe he kōvana Mīsuli ko Lilipeni W. Pōkisí ha tohi kole ki he kōvana ʻIlinoisi ko Tōmasi Kaliní ʻo tuʻutuʻuni ke fakamālohiʻi fakalao ʻa Siosefa ke ne foki ki Mīsuli ke fakamaauʻi ai ia. Hili hono tuku mai ʻe Kalini ʻa e tohi fakamafai ke puke pōpula ʻa Siosefá, naʻe kumi ia ʻe he kau polisí ʻi Nāvū, ʻIlinoisi ka naʻe ʻikai ke nau maʻu ia. Naʻe toe tuku mai ʻe Kalini ʻa e tohi fakamafaí ʻi Sune 1841, pea naʻe hanga ʻe ha polisi ʻo puke pōpula ʻa Siosefa. Naʻe fakaʻatā ʻe he Fakamaau ko Sitīveni A. Takilesi ʻa Siosefa, he naʻe ʻi ai ha fehālaaki ʻi he tohi fakamafai ke puke pōpula iá.³

ʻI he 1842, naʻe fakautuutu ʻa e feinga ke fakafoki fakalao [ʻa Siosefá], ʻi he taimi ne fanaʻi ai ʻa Pōkisi ʻe ha taha naʻe ikai ʻiloʻi ʻo lavea ʻi Tauʻatāina, Mīsulí, ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai ke ne toe hoko ko ha kōvana ʻi he taimi ko iá. Naʻe hanga ʻe Sione C. Pēneti, ko ha mēmipa ne tuʻusi mei he Siasí naʻe tafoki ʻo fehiʻa ki he Siasí, ʻo tukuakiʻi naʻe fekauʻi ʻe Siosefa ʻa Pota Lokaueli ke ne tāmateʻi ʻa Pōkisi.⁴ Naʻe fakaʻikaiʻi fefeka ʻe he Palōfitá ʻa e tukuakiʻi ko ʻení. Ka neongo iá, naʻe tuku atu ʻe he kōvana foʻou ʻo Mīsuli ko Tōmasi Lainoló, ha tohi tangi ki ʻIlinoisi ke fakamālohiʻi fakalao ʻa Siosefa ke ne foki, pea naʻe toe ʻoatu ai ʻe Kōvana Kalini ha tohi fakamafai ke puke pōpula ia. Naʻe hanga ʻe he Fakamaauʻanga Fakakolo ʻo Nāvuú ʻo vakaiʻi ʻa e tuʻunga fakalao ʻo e puke pōpulá, ʻo nau ʻomi ai ha tohi tuʻutuʻuni fakalao ʻo e hapeasi-koapusí (writ of habeas corpus), ko ha maluʻi fakalao naʻe fie maʻu ai ke ʻomi ʻa e tokotaha pōpulá ki ha fakamaau ke ne fakapapauʻi pe naʻe fakalao nai ʻa hono puke pōpula iá.⁵ ʻI he ʻaho ʻe ua naʻe fie maʻu ai ke fakapapauʻi ʻe he pule polisí ʻa hono fakalao ʻo e tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e fakamaauʻangá, naʻe hola ʻa Siosefa ʻo toitoi.⁶

Naʻe fakatahataha mai ʻa ʻEma Sāmita mo e kau fefine ʻo e Fineʻofa ʻo Nāvuú ke taukapoʻi e Palōfitá. Naʻe fakamoʻoni hingoa e kau fefiné ki ha tohi tangi naʻe kole ai kia Kōvana Kalini ke taʻofi e ngaahi ngāue ki he fakamālohiʻi fakalaó. Naʻe toe fai foki ʻe ʻEma ha ngaahi tohi kia Kalini, ʻo ne fakakikihi ai ne tatau ai pē kapau ne fokotuʻutuʻu ʻe Siosefa ʻa e feinga fakapōngi mei ʻIlinoisí, ʻo hangē ko ia ne tukuakiʻi ki aí, naʻe ʻikai totonu ke fai hano fakamālohiʻi fakalao he ʻoku ʻikai maʻu ʻe Mīsuli ha mafai ki ha tokotaha naʻá ne fai ha hia ʻi tuʻa mei hono ngaahi kauʻa fonuá.⁷ ʻI Sānuali 1843, naʻe hā ai ʻa Siosefa ʻi he Fakamaauʻanga Fakavahenfonua ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi Sipilingifila, ʻIlinoisí, ʻa ia ne fai ai heʻene loea ko Sasitini Patafilá ʻa e fakakikihi tatau. Naʻe fakakikihi ʻe Patafila ʻo pehē, “ʻOku ʻikai ke u tui ʻoku totonu ke ʻave ʻa e fakaʻiloá ki Mīsuli ʻi ha faʻahinga tuʻunga.” “ʻI he hisitōliá kuo fakapoongi mo tuli ia mo hono kakaí mei he vahefonuá,” ko ʻene tanaki atu ia, pea ne fakamulitukuʻaki ʻeni “ko e tangata taʻehalaia mo taʻe faikovi ia.” Naʻe loto-taha ʻa e fakamaauʻangá mo Patafila pea naʻe fakaʻatā ai ʻa Siosefa.⁸

Naʻe hoko atu pē ʻa e feinga ʻa Sione C. Pēnetí ke puke pōpula ʻa Siosefa Sāmitá, pea ʻi Sune ʻo e 1843, naʻe tuku atu ai ʻe ha fakamaauʻanga sula ʻi Mīsuli ha tukuakiʻi foʻou ki he talisone ʻi he 1839.⁹ Naʻe ʻave ʻe Kōvana Lainolo ha tohi kole ki he kōvana foʻou ʻo ʻIlinoisi ko Tōmasi Fōtí, pea naʻe puke pōpula ʻa Siosefa tuʻunga ʻi he tohi fakamafai ʻa Fōtí. Naʻe toe ʻoange ʻe he Fakamaauʻanga Fakakolo ʻo Nāvuú ha hapeasi-koapusi kia Siosefa pea ʻi he ʻaho 1 ʻo Siulaí naʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi hono maʻu ha fakamoʻoni ki he totonu fakalao ʻo e fakamālohiʻi fakalaó, ka ki he ngaahi hia ne fai ki he kau Māmongá ʻi Mīsuli ʻi he 1838. Naʻe tuʻutuʻuni ʻe he fakamaauʻangá ke fakaʻatā ia mei he tuʻutuʻuni fakalao ke fakafoki iá.¹⁰ Naʻe ngata heni ʻa e ngaahi feinga ʻa e Vahefonua Mīsulí ke fakamālohiʻi fakalao ʻa Siosefa ke ne foki ki he vahefonuá ke fakamaauʻi ai iá. Ka neongo iá, naʻá ne kei loto-hohaʻa pē telia naʻa toe feinga ʻa hono ngaahi fili ʻi Mīsulí ke fakamālohiʻi ia ki ha feituʻu ʻe fehangahangai mo ha fakamaauʻanga taʻetotonu pea mahalo moe mate.¹¹

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

“Appendix 1: Missouri Extradition Attempt, 1842–1843, Selected Documents, Introduction,” josephsmithpapers.org.

Bibliography

‘Oku ʻomai ha toe fakamatala fekau’aki mo e tefitó ʻe he ngaahi tohi ko ʻení. ‘I hono ʻave pe ko hono fakafehokotaki koe ki he ngaahi ma’u’anga tokoni ko ‘ení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau poupou’i pe fakapapau’i ‘a e kanoʻi tohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ’a e kau faʻutohí.

Andrew H. Hedges and Alex D. Smith, “The Lady and the Governor: Emma Hale Smith’s and Thomas Carlin’s 1842 Correspondence,” Mormon Historical Studies, vol. 9, no. 2 (Fall 2008), 139–52.

Alexander L. Baugh, “‘We Took Our Change of Venue to the State of Illinois’: The Gallatin Hearing and the Escape of Joseph Smith and the Mormon Prisoners from Missouri, 1839,” Mormon Historical Studies, vol. 2, no. 1 (Spring 2001), 59–82.

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. Historical Introduction to “Promissory Note to John Brassfield, 16 April 1839,” in Mark Ashurst-McGee, David W. Grua, Elizabeth A. Kuehn, Brenden W. Rensink, and Alexander L. Baugh, eds., Documents, Volume 6: February 1838–August 1839. Vol. 6 of the Documents series of The Joseph Smith Papers, edited by Ronald K. Esplin, Matthew J. Grow, and Matthew C. Godfrey (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2017), 422–26; vakai ki he ongo Tefito: Mormon-Missouri War of 1838 [Tau ʻa e Māmongá mo Mīsuli ʻo e 1838], Extermination Order [Tuʻutuʻuni ke Fakaʻauhá].

2. Joseph Smith and others, “Letter to the Church and Edward Partridge, 20 March 1839,” josephsmithpapers.org.

3. Introduction to “Nauvoo Journals, December 1841–April 1843,” josephsmithpapers.org.

4. Naʻe maʻu ʻa e tangata leʻo ʻa Siosefa Sāmita ko Pota Lokauelí ʻi Mīsuli pea naʻe tuku pōpula fuoloa ia ʻi he 1843. Ne ʻikai lava ʻe ha fakamaauʻanga sulá ʻo tukuakiʻi ia ki he faná, ʻo ngalingali pē ko e ʻikai ha fakamoʻoni feʻungá, ka naʻe tukuakiʻi ʻa Lokaueli, fakamaauʻi mo moʻua ki heʻene hola fakataimi mei he fale fakapōpulá. Hili hono tauteaʻi ʻa Lokaueli ke puke pōpula ia ʻi ha miniti ʻe nima ʻi he fale fakapōpula fakakoló, naʻá ne toe foki pē ki ʻIlinoisi. “History of Joseph Smith,” Millennial Star, vol. 22, nos. 33–34 (Aug. 18 and 25, 1860), 518–20, 535–36; Transcript of Proceedings, Nov. 18, 1843, Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, 1829–1973, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

5. Jeffrey N. Walker, “Habeas Corpus in Early Nineteenth-Century Mormonism: Joseph Smith’s Legal Bulwark for Personal Freedom,” BYU Studies Quarterly, vol. 52, no. 1 (2013), 4–97.

6. Joseph Smith journal, Aug. 8–10, 1842, in Journal, December 1841–December 1842, 129, josephsmithpapers.org.

7. “Nauvoo Female Relief Society, Petition to Thomas Carlin, circa July 22, 1842,” in Jill Mulvay Derr, Carol Cornwall Madsen, Kate Holbrook, and Matthew J. Grow, eds., The First Fifty Years of Relief Society: Key Documents in Latter-day Saint Women’s History (Salt Lake City: Church Historian’s Press, 2016), 136–41; Joseph Smith, Journal, December 1841–December 1842, 168–69, josephsmithpapers.org.

8. Joseph Smith journal, Jan. 4, 1843, in Journal, December 1842–June 1844; Book 1, 21 December 1842–10 March 1843, 72, josephsmithpapers.org; spelling standardized; “Appendix 1: Missouri Extradition Attempt, 1842–1843, Selected Documents, Introduction,” josephsmithpapers.org.

9. Indictment, June 1843, State of Missouri v. Joseph Smith for Treason, Western Americana Collection, Beineke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

10. Transcript of Proceedings, July 1, 1843, Nauvoo, Illinois, Church History Library, Salt Lake City.

11. Introduction to “Nauvoo Journals, May 1843–June 1844,” josephsmithpapers.org.