“Fakavave ki he Koula ʻo Kalefōniá,” Ngaahi Tefito ʻi he Hisitōlia ʻo e Siasí
“Fakavave ki he Koula ʻo Kalefōniá”
Fakavave ki he Koula ʻo Kalefōniá
Ne maʻu ʻe ha kulupu ʻo e kau sōtia he Kongakau Māmongá ʻa ia ne nau feinga ke toe fakataha mo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi ʻIutaá, ha pōpoaki meia Pilikihami ʻIongi ke nau nofo ʻi Kalefōnia ʻi ha kiʻi taimi pea ngāue koeʻuhi ko e siʻisiʻi ʻa e meʻakai mo e naunau ʻi he Teleʻa Sōlekí. Ne maʻu ʻe he kau sōtia ko ení haʻanau ngāue maʻuʻanga moʻui mei hono langa ʻo ha fale fahiʻanga papa maʻa Sione Sata ʻi he feituʻu mavaeuaʻanga fakatonga ʻo e Vaitafe ʻAmeliká ʻi Kolomá .1
Ko e fakatātā ʻo hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e koulá ʻi he Fahiʻanga Papa Satá ne tā ʻe he tokotaha tā valivali ko Valoi ʻĪtoni.
‘I ha pongipongi ʻe taha ʻi Sānuali ʻo e 1848, ne vakaiʻi ai ʻe Sēmisi Māsolo, ko e hoa ngāue ʻo Satá, ʻa hono ʻai ha fakatafeʻanga vai ʻo ne fakatokangaʻi atu ha fanga kiʻi momoʻi meʻa ʻi he fakatafeʻanga vai ʻo e fahiʻanga papá. Naʻá ne tānaki e fanga kiʻi momó ʻi hono tataá peá ne fakaʻaliʻali ia ki he kau ngāue kehé. Ne feinga e kulupú ke uʻu ia, tuki ʻaki ha hāmala, pea laku ia ki ha afi. Ne fakapapauʻi ʻe hono siviʻi kotoa pē kuo nau maʻu ha koula.2
Ne lekooti ʻe ha taha ʻo e kongakau sōtiá, ko Henelī Pikelā, ʻa hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e koulá ʻi heʻene tohinoá. Naʻá ne toe fekumi foki ki ha koula lahi ange ʻi lalo hifo ʻi he veʻe vaitafé, pea hili pē ha ngaahi ʻaho siʻi kuó ne tānaki ʻo lahi ange ʻi heʻene vahe he māhiná. Ne vahevahe ʻe Pikelā e ongoongó ki he Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, pea vave pē ʻene mafola atu ki he ngaahi feituʻu ofi he fahiʻanga papá pea ʻi Seni Felenisisikou. Ne vave mo e fakataha hifo ʻa ha niʻihi tokolahi ki he veʻe Vaitafe ʻAmeliká ke fekumi ki he koulá. Ne fakaʻau ʻo ui e ʻapitanga keliʻanga malala ʻa e Kau Māʻoniʻoní ne ofi ki Sakalamenitoó, ko e fuofua ʻapitanga natula pehē ia ʻi Sielá, ko e “Motu Māmongá.”
Ne mavahe ha kau sōtia tokolahi ʻo e kongakaú ki he Teleʻa Sōlekí lolotonga e faʻahitaʻu māfana ʻo e 1848, ka ne fakakaukau ha niʻihi ke nau nofo pē ʻi Kalefōnia. Ne maʻu ʻe Samuela Pelēnani, ko ha tangata pisinisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní, e faingamālie kumi koulá ke fakalahi ʻene pisinisi fakamoveteveté ʻo ne ʻave ha ʻū konga koula ki Seni Felenisisikou mo kaila holo he taha ʻo e ngaahi hala puleʻanga lalahí, “Koula! Koula! Koula, mei he Vaitafe ‘Ameliká!” Hili pē ha lau uike, kuo mavahe e tokolahi taha ʻo e kakai ne nofo ʻi Seni Felenisisikoú ki he ngaahi keliʻanga koulá, pea naʻe fakalele ʻe Pelēnani e falekoloa pē ʻe taha ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Vaitafe ʻAmeliká mo e loto koló.3
Ne fakalalahi e fakavave ki he koulá he taʻu hono hokó, hili e lea ʻa e palesiteni ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ko Sēmisi K. Polokó kau ki he koula ʻo Kalefōniá ʻi heʻene Pōpoaki Fakataʻu ʻo Tīsema ʻo e 1848. Ne kamata fononga ha lauiafe ʻo e kau keli koulá ki he fonua koula ʻo Kalefōniá. Ne fili ʻe ha tokolahi ke nau fononga ʻi he ngaahi hala faingataʻa ʻoku takai ʻi [Keipi] Hooni, ʻo hū ʻi Panamā, pe fou hake ʻi Mekisikou, kae fononga e niʻihi tokolahi ange he vaeua ʻo e kau keli koulá ʻi he ngaahi hala he loto fonua ʻo e konitinēniti ʻAmelika Tokelaú. Ne fuʻu ofi ʻaupito ange e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimuí Ni ʻi he Teleʻa Sōlekí ki he ngaahi keliʻanga koulá ʻi he kau ʻAmelika kehé pea kuo nau maʻu e ongoongo ʻo e koulá ʻi ha lau māhina kimuʻa ʻi he pōpoaki ʻa Polokó.
Neongo ‘a e fakatauele ʻo e koula ʻi Kalefōniá mo e nounou fakameʻatokoni ʻi he Teleʻa Sōlekí, ka ne kei talangofua pē e tokolahi taha ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoní ki he akonaki ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ke langa ʻa Saione ʻi loto mo e takatakai ʻi ʻIutaá kae ʻikai ko e fekumi ki he koloaʻia fakatāutahá ʻi he ngaahi keliʻanga koulá. Ne talaʻofa e kau taki ʻo e Siasí ki he kāingalotú ʻe lelei ange honau tūkungá.4 Neongo ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e toko 49 (49ers)—ʻa e kau ʻAmelika ne fakavave ki Kalefōnia ʻi he 1849—ne ʻikai ke nau fou ʻi he Teleʻa Sōlekí ʻi heʻenau fou ki he hihifó, ka ne tokolahi pē ha niʻihi ne fou ai. Naʻa nau faʻa tūʻuta ʻi he teleʻá ʻo vēkeveke ke fakatau mai ha meʻakai foʻou mo fakatau atu ha ngaahi naunau lahi ne fakamamafa ʻi heʻenau ngaahi salioté. Ko ia ai ne aʻusia ʻe he ngaahi komiunitī ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ʻi he vahefonuá ha tupulaki fakaʻekonōmika taʻeʻamanekina mei he fefakatauʻaki mo e toko 49. Kimuʻa pea mōlia atu e fakavave [ki he koulá], ne tuku atu ʻe ʻIongi ha kau tangata ʻe niʻihi ʻi ha “Misiona Koula” taʻu taha, ko e fakataumuʻa ke maʻu e paʻanga mei aí ke ʻaonga ki he Siasí. Hili ha ngāue faingataʻa lahi mo ha kiʻi tupu siʻisiʻi, ne mavahe ʻa e kau faifekau koulá mei he keliʻanga koulá ki ʻapi pe ngaahi malaʻe ngāue fakafaifekau kehé.5
Ne iku e fakavave ki he koulá ki ha ngaahi liliu lahi fakasōsiale mo fakaʻekonōmika ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití pea hoko ai ʻa Kalefōnia ko ha senitā fakamāmani lahi ʻo e fefakatauʻakí. Ne hoko foki e fehikitaki lalahi ki he hihifó ʻa ia ne fakatupu ʻe he fakavave [ki he koulá], ki hano fakangata ʻo e fakakaukau ʻe lava ke nofo mamaʻo ʻaupito e Kāingalotú mei he toenga ʻo e fonuá.
Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Mormon Battalion, Samuel Brannan, Pioneer Economy