Samuela Pelēnani

ʻI he ʻaho tatau pē ne taki fakahihifo atu ai ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ki tuʻa mei Nāvū, ʻIlinoisí, ne tataki atu ai ʻe Samuela Pelēnani (1819–89) ha kulupu ʻo ha Kāingalotu ʻe toko 238 ʻi ha folau tahi mei Niu ʻIoke ʻo takai hake ʻi Keipi Hoane ʻAmelika Tonga ki Iepa Puena, Kalefōnia. Ne hoko ʻa Pelēnani ʻi ha taimi ʻe taha ko ha taki ʻi he Siasí ʻi Kalefōnia ʻo ne ongoongoa fakafonua ai ʻi heʻene tuʻuaki ha ngaahi ngāue fakapisinisi lahi he lolotonga e tokolahi atu e kumi koula ʻo e 1848 mo e 1849. Ne lau ʻa Pelēnani ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo e hisitōlia ʻo Kalefōniá, ko ha taha ʻo e kakai ʻiloa taha ʻi he siteití.¹

Fakatātā ʻo Samuela Pelēnani.

Ne kau ʻa Pelēnani ki he Siasí ʻi heʻene kei talavoú ʻi Ketilani, ʻOhaiō, peá naʻá ne hoko ko ha tokotaha akoako ngāue fai paaki ʻi ha taʻu ʻe tolu, ʻo ne faʻa nofo mo e fāmili ʻo Siosefa Sāmitá. Naʻá ne ngāue fakafaifekau ʻi Niu ʻIoke Siti, Niu ʻIoke, ʻa ia naʻá ne tokoni ai ki hono paaki ʻo e nusipepa ʻa e Siasí naʻe ui ko e Prophet.² Ne lolotonga aleaʻi ʻe he kau taki ʻo e Siasí ʻi Nāvuú hono fakamavaheʻi ʻo Pelēnani mei he Siasí ʻi haʻane fakahoko taʻefakamafaiʻi ha mali tokolahí, ka ne faifai pea nau fakakaukau ke fakafoki mai ia ki ha “tuʻunga lelei.”³

Ne fokotuʻu ʻe Pelēnani ha ʻōfisi hiki fonua ke tokoni ki hono fokotuʻutuʻu e fononga ʻa e Kāingalotú ki he Hihifo ʻo ʻAmeliká pea aleaʻi foki mo Pilikihami ʻIongi ha ngaahi halanga fononga kehe. Ne heka e Kāingalotu hiki fonua ʻa Pelēnaní ʻi he vaka ko e Pulukiliní, ʻa ia ne fakataumuʻa ʻene folaú ki Hauaiʻi mo e matāfanga ʻo Kalefōniá.⁴ Neongo e ngaahi matangí mo e mahamahakí, ne tūʻuta lelei pē e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau pāsesé ki he Matāfanga ʻo Seni Felenisisikoú ʻi ha folau maile ʻe 24,000, pea naʻa nau vēkeveke ke langa ʻa Saione. Naʻe feinga ʻa Pelēnani ke ne fakalotoʻi ʻa Pilikihami ʻIongi ke tataki mai e toenga ʻo e Kāingalotú ki Kalefōnia, ʻa ia ne hangē ko ha meʻa pau e koloaʻiá ai. Ne fakapapauʻi ʻe ʻIongi te nau nofo ʻi he Teleʻa Sōleki Sití ka naʻá ne fili ʻa Pelēnani ke hoko ko e palesiteni ʻo e ngaahi kolo iiki ʻo e Siasí ʻi Kalefōniá.

Ne ngāueʻaki ʻe Pelēnani e faingamālié ni ke ne tuʻuaki atu ai e Kumi Koula ʻi Kalefōniá. ʻI he tokolahi mai e kau keli koulá ki he ngaahi nofoʻanga ʻo Kalefōniá ʻi he 1849, ne tānaki ʻe Pelēnani ha koloa lahi ʻi hono teuteuʻi e kau haʻu foʻoú ki he keliʻanga koulá mo e fefonongaʻakí, ʻo ne hoko ai ko e fuofua milionea ʻo Kalefōniá.⁵ Ne poupouʻi mālohi ʻe Pilikihami ʻIongi e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimuí Ní ʻi ʻIutaá ke hokohoko atu ʻenau langa honau ngaahi nofoʻangá pea siʻaki e kumi koloá, ka naʻe vili taʻetūkua ʻa Pelēnani kia ʻIongi mo e kau taki kehé ke fakatupu ʻenau paʻangá ʻaki hono fakatau e kelekele ʻo Kalefōniá.

ʻI he 1850, ne aʻu ha lipooti ki Sōleki Siti ne feʻaveʻaki kākā ʻe Pelēnani e paʻanga ʻi he folau he vaka Pulukiliní. Ne fiemālie ʻa ʻAposetolo ʻAmasa Laimani ki hono totongi ʻe Pelēnani e ngaahi moʻuá pea fakanofo ai pē ʻa Laimani ke ne hoko atu hono tataki e Siasí ʻi Kalefōniá.⁶ ʻI he taʻu hono hokó, ne tūʻuta ai ʻa ʻEletā Paʻale P. Pālati ki Seni Felenisisikou ke tokangaʻi e Misiona Pasifikí pea fokotuʻu ha fakataha alēlea ke tuʻusi ai ʻa Pelēnani mei he Siasí ko ʻene “ʻulungaanga taʻe fakakalisitiane, mo e liʻaki hono fatongiá,” pea mo ʻene kau atu ki ha kulupu taʻefakalao ne nau tamateʻi tautau ha toko 4 ne mahaloʻi ne nau fai ha hia.⁷

Ne hokohoko atu e ngāue ʻa Pelēnani ʻi heʻene ngaahi kautahá, pea ʻi he tumutumu ʻo hono ivi takiekiná, naʻá ne hoko ai he taimi ʻe niʻihi, “ko e tangata tuʻumālie taha ʻi Kalefōniá.”⁸ Ka naʻá ne iku ʻo tukuhausia mo masiva ʻi he ʻikai lelei ʻene fakahū paʻangá mo hono totongi ha vaeua ʻo ʻene koloá ki hono uaifí ʻi heʻena vete he 1870. Naʻe faifai pē pea totongi ʻosi hono ngaahi moʻuá, pea hoko atu ʻene ngāue fakapisinisí ʻi Kalefōnia mo e fakatokelau ʻo Mekisikoú ka naʻe ʻikai ha ola lelei. Naʻa ne mālōlō ʻi hono taʻu 70, ofi ki Seni Tieko, Kalefōnia.⁹

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Siasí

Joan S. Hamblin, “Voyage of the ‘Brooklyn,’” Ensign, July 1997, 16–19.

Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

ʻOku ʻoatu ʻe he pulusinga ko ʻení ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tefito ko ʻení. ʻI hono tuku atu pe fakafehokotaki kimoutolu ki he maʻuʻanga tokoni ko ʻení, ʻoku ʻikai ke mau poupouʻi pe fakapapauʻi atu e kanotohí pe ngaahi fakakaukau ʻa e tokotaha faʻu tohí.

Samuel Brannan Papers, 1880–1888, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

Ngaahi Tefito Fekauʻakí: Fakavave ki he Koula ʻo Kalefōniá

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. Ne tūʻuta atu e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní ki he feituʻu ko iá lolotonga e ngaahi taʻu ʻo e fekeʻikeʻi fakavahaʻa fonuá; ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e 1846 mo e 1850, ne foua ai ʻe he konga fonua Mekisikou ʻo ʻAlatā Kalefōniá ha angatuʻu mo ha fetauʻaki ʻo hoko ai ʻi ha vahaʻataimi nounou ko e Lepapulika ʻo Kalefōniá, Vahefonua U.S. ʻo Kalefōniá, pea faifai ʻo iku ki he siteiti U.S. ʻo Kalefōniá. Ko e tānaki ʻanga lahi taha ʻo e ʻū pepa ʻa Samuela Pelēnaní, ʻoku ʻi he L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Laipeli Hāloti B. Lií, ʻUnivēsiti Pilikihami ʻIongí, ʻi Polovo, ʻIutā.

2. Vakai ki he Tefito: Church Periodicals.

3. Willard Richards journal, May 23–24, 1845, Church History Library, Salt Lake City; vakai ki he Tefito: Fakatonutonu Faka-Siasí.

4. Vakaiʻi e Ngaahi Tefito: Departure from Nauvoo; Pioneer Trek; Emigration.

5. Vakai ki he Tefito: Fakavave ki he Koula ʻo Kalefōniá.

6. Vakai ki he Tefito: Ngaahi Nofoʻanga Paioniá.

7. Parley Parker Pratt diary, Sept. 1, 1851, ʻi he Reva Holdaway Stanley and Charles L. Camp, eds., “A Mormon Mission to California in 1851: From the Diary of Parley Parker Pratt,” California Historical Society Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 2 (June 1935), 175–76; vakai ki he Tefito: Fakatonutonu Faka-Siasí.

8. Anne F. Hyde, “Sam Brannan and Elizabeth Byers: Mormons and Miners at Midcentury,” ʻi he Richard W. Etulain, ed., Western Lives: A Biographical History of the American West (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004), 170.

9. Newell G. Bringhurst, “Samuel Brannan and His Forgotten Final Years,” Southern California Quarterly, vol. 79, no. 2 (Summer 1997), 139–60.