Tau ‘a Sipeini mo ʻAmeliká

Naʻe tupu mei he fakafepaki ne hoko ʻi Kiupá ha fetāʻaki mo e kau sōtia ʻa Sipeiní ʻi he 1895, ʻa ia ne iku ai ki ha fepakipaki, neongo ne fakataumuʻa ia ke maʻu ai ʻa e tauʻatāina fakafonuá, ka naʻe fakaʻau ke fakalalahi ai ʻa e taú.¹ Naʻe loto kehekehe e kakai ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mei he kakai ʻo ʻIulopé fekauʻaki mo e meʻa ke fai ki he taú, ʻo ngata ʻi he taimi ne ngoto fakafokifā ai e vaka USS Maine e tautahí ʻi he Taulanga Havaná ʻi he 1898.² Naʻe ʻikai lava hano fakaleleiʻi fakatipilomētika ke malava ʻa e tauʻatāina ʻa Kiupá, pea ʻi he ʻaho 25 ʻo ʻEpelelí, naʻe pole tau atu ai ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ki Sipeini. Ne laka siʻi ʻi he māhina ʻe tolú, ʻa e tau ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo Sipeini ʻaki e ngaahi vaka e tautahí ʻi he ongo hemisifia ʻe ua ne ofi ki ha ongo vahefonua naʻe maʻu ʻe Sipeini: ko Kiupa mo Pueto Liko ʻi he Kalipiané, mo e ʻOtu Filipainí mo Kuamu ʻi he Pasifikí. Naʻe tali ʻe he puleʻanga Sipeiní ha aleapau melino fakataimi ʻi ʻAokosi ʻa ia ne iku ai ki ha aleapau ke fakangata e taú ʻi he taʻu hono hokó.³

Ne kamata tuku atu ʻe he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ha kau sōtia angamaheni ne ofi ʻi he toko 28,000 ka naʻe faifai pea fakahū ha kau sōtia fakataimi tokolahi ʻa ia ne kau ai ha Kāingalotu tangata ʻe laungeau.⁴ Kuo hoko e vahefonua ʻo ʻIutaá ko ha siteiti ʻi he taʻu ʻe ua kimuʻá, pea ne ngali vēkeveke e kau tangataʻifonua tokolahi ke fakahaaʻi ʻenau mateakiʻi fonuá. Mei he laungeau ne kau atu mei ʻIutā ki he tau taimi nounoú, ko e tokosiʻi pē ne mālōloó.⁵

Naʻe ʻomi ʻe he Tau ʻa Sipeini mo ʻAmeliká ha ngaahi faingamālie foʻou maʻá e Siasí. Naʻe fakaafeʻi ʻe he Kau Palesitenisī ʻUluakí ʻa ʻEliasi S. Kimipolo ʻa ia ne lolotonga hoko ko e palesiteni Misiona ʻo e Ngaahi Siteiti Fakatongá, ke hoko ko e fuofua faifekau fakakautau ʻi he Siasí, ki he ngaahi vaʻa fakakautau ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Naʻe hoko ʻa Kimipolo ko ha faifekau fakakautau ʻi Kiupa ʻi he 1898, ko e fuofua faifekau fakakautau ia ʻi he kau faifekau fakakautau tokolahi ʻi he Siasí.⁶ Naʻe maʻu ʻe he ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻa e ʻOtu Filipainí, Kuamu, mo Pueto Liko, ko hono ngaahi vahefonua hili ʻa e taú, ʻo maʻu ai ha ngaahi faingamālie lelei ke vahevahe e ongoongoleleí ʻe he Kāingalotu ʻo ʻAmelika Tongá mo e ngaahi feituʻu foʻoú.⁷ Fakatokangaʻi ange, naʻe hoko e fakakikihi fekauʻaki mo e hū atu ʻa ʻAmelika ʻo maʻu ʻa Kiupa mo e ʻOtu Filipainí, ke ne tohoakiʻi mai ha ngaahi fakafeangai mei ha niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi mēmipa ʻo e Siasí ne nau poupouʻi ʻa e ngāue fakakautaú mo e tupulaki e tuʻunga fakafonua ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití. Ka neongo ia, naʻe fakafisingaʻi ʻe he Kāingalotu kimuʻá ke fengāueʻaki mo e vaʻa fakakautau ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití ʻi he senituli hono 19, naʻe tui honau ngaahi hakó ko e Tau ʻa Sipeini mo ʻAmeliká ko ha faingamālie ia ke fakahaaʻi ai ʻenau mateakiʻi fonuá mo e poupou ki he puleʻanga fakafonuá.⁸

Ngaahi Maʻuʻanga Fakamatalá

• James I. Mangum, “The Spanish-American and Philippine Wars,” ʻi he Robert C. Freeman, ed., Nineteenth-Century Saints at War (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, 2007).

• David F. Trask, The War with Spain in 1898 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996).

Ngaahi Fakamatalá

1. David F. Trask, The War with Spain in 1898 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996), 1–3.

2. Naʻe kei tālangaʻi fakapolitikale ʻe he kau faihisitōliá ʻa e tupunga ʻo e ngoto ʻo e vaka Maine ʻo aʻu ki he senituli 21. Naʻe laka ʻi he kau kauvaka ʻe toko 260 naʻe pekia hili ha pā ha meʻa ʻi he konga ki muʻa ʻo e vaká ʻo ofi ki he ngaahi loki mohé. Vakai ki he Trask, The War with Spain, xii.

3. Trask, The War with Spain, 444.

4. “Return of the Volunteers,” Improvement Era, Sept. 1899, 870–71. ʻOku ʻikai ke ʻiloʻi pau ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e Kāingalotu ne nau kau atu ki he taú. Naʻe lave ʻa e Improvement Era (Makasini Motuʻa ʻa e Siasí) ki ha kau sōtia ʻe toko 354, ʻikai kau ai ʻa kinautolu ne nau ngāue ʻi he ʻiuniti fakakautau ne nau tokangaʻi e ngaahi meʻatau A, B, pe C ʻo e Utah Light Artillery. Naʻe laka hake ʻi he kau sōtia mālōlō ʻIutā ʻe toko 700 ne fakalangilangiʻi kimuí, ko ha niʻihi tokosiʻi pē ia mei he meimei Kāingalotu kotoa ne kau ki he vaʻa fakakautau ʻa e ʻIunaiteti Siteití mavahe mei ʻIutaá.

5. James I. Mangum, “The Spanish-American and Philippine Wars,” ʻi he Robert C. Freeman, ed., Nineteenth-Century Saints at War (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, 2007), 188; “Return of the Volunteers,” 871; vakai foki Ngaahi Tefitó: Patalione Māmongá, Tau ʻa Mekisikou mo ʻAmeliká.

6. Mangum, “The Spanish-American and Philippine Wars,” 168.

7. “Philippines,” Country Profile, newsroom.ChurchofJesusChrist.org.

8. Robert H. Hellebrand, “General Conference Addresses during Times of War,” in Patrick Q. Mason, J. David Pulsipher, Richard L. Bushman, eds., War and Peace in Our Time: Mormon Perspectives (Salt Lake City: Greg Kofford Books, 2012), 132.